1903-02-13 — Page 3

SOME FEATURES OF EDUCA TIONAL REFORM IN CHINA,

The following able and accurate review of the position of Chinese educational reform is from the pen of the Rev. Gilbert Walshe, Recording Secretary of the Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge among the Chinese at Shanghai. What he says of matters educational and spiritual might be said with equal truth and force in regard to matters commercial and political. There is no where to be found among the governing class any real indication of sincere desire for reform. The vested interests of a class which preys on the people in their present state, of subjection and ignorance, which lives on and by corrup. tion, are not lightly to be brushed aside by Imperial edicts. The Powers have been pleasantly fooled by the metropolitan officials, anxious to see the last of the foreign troops, and the missionary element has been tempor. arily concilated, partly from motives of fear, partly in pursuance of a deliberate anti-foreign policy by those who look forward to a more successful.Boxer rising in the future. The facts stated in this article will throw new and much needed light on the position of affairs from the missionary point of view. There is another aspect of the religious and educational ques- tinn, the layman's, which lobis the wisdom of inflicting the war of conflicting doctrines upon the Chinese people in their present condition, but with that I propose to deal at another time.

The treaty clause drawn by Chang Chile-tong gives that side of the picture. Mr. Walshe's survey, which was written in the early autumn, runs

Now that a considerable period bas elapsed since the promulgation of the Imperial edicts, it may be pertinent to inquire whether the glowing appreciat on which welcomed them and the roseate hopes which they excited have been to any extent justified by results.

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1903.

preciation of the Christian" religion and its propagandists.

bureau has only just occurred to the Commistion of a better understanding and higher ap sioner of Education. The so-called "culuca tional reform " is thus in a parlous condition at the present moment, and there appears to be little ground for hope that the situation will improve. The local officials have not only little interest in the subject, but further regard it as an incubus demanding an expenditure of funds which they have not at band, and pro- missing little opportunity of the much desider- ated "squeeze,"

In conclusi n, let me quote one or two testimonies from speakers at the late meetings of the Etuctional Association held in Shang hai, which will go to show that even amongst the usually sanguine missionaries there are some who frankly confess that the prospect is not altogether rosy,

One speaker said:-

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CONSIGNEES

of Carge from London ex s.%. Sinai, from Havre, ex s.s. Guadiana and from Bordeaux, ex 5.3. Ville de L'orient, in connection with above Steamer, are hereby tinuation of the present vagueness and uncer-informed that their Goods, with the exception It can only be a maller of of Opium, Treasure and Valuables' are being sincerest regret that the way has been so filanded and stored at their risks into the Godowns hedged up by unsympathetic control of the of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Go new movement for a modern education that it down Co., Limited, at Kowloon, whence delivery is probable that no foreigner will in future may be obtained immediately after landing. bave influence in a Chinese school further than } Optional Cargo will be forwarded on unless in teaching prescribed subjects in prescribed intimation is received from the Consignees hours to prescribed pupils. In other words, he before 6 P.M., TO-DAY, the 9th instant, request- will have no influence on the life or morale of ing it to be landed here. the school and will find himself treated as an outsider

"A careful reading of the various memorials concerning education which have recently been published will quickly dispel the idea that parieties accounts for this opposition to foreigners and will readily show that proud intolerance is at the root of it. These mema rials in pointing out the value of a Westein educations all speak of it as something to be use-t-Yung while the ancient classical studies are the principle, the real T5* (Lit. "Accidents" and "Substance."; 7-Another represented the Chinese view thus;

Public attention has more recently been "The time for a well-regulated system of attracted by the new developments in Shan-education in China has not yet arrived, and we tung and Shan-si urder the auspices of the cannot look forward to anything but a con- respective governos Yuan Shib-k'ai and Ts'en Chun-hsuan, and great hopes have been entertainty. tained that under the enlightened régime, more particularly of the farmer, a new departure would be instituted, especially as a Protestant missionary had been invited to act as principal of the new University at Tsi-nan, the provincial capital. The new principal entered upon his duties with high hopes, but, alas, difficulties began almost immediately to confront him. Amongst the regulations drawn up by the Governor the first was that all scholars admitted to the college should be directed by the Prin cipal to worship the Tablet of Confucius on the 1st and 15th of each month, an enactment which was at once recognized as aimed at the students who had embraced the Christian religion. The "worship" is merely a respect ful recognition of Confucius as the Great Teacher of China, and is entirely different from the warship of Buddhist and other "gods" where the worshipper has some ulterior object in view, some benefit in bespeak; and herein is the sinister part of the transaction, for the Cramer of the statute knew that he could not be accused of making an inherently impossible. demand, and yet at the same time was per fectly aware that, when applied to Chris- tians, the demand would be by them con- sidered as impossible. But even if this difficulty should be overcome, the regulations contain a covers hint that "no Christian need apply" for official honours even in the event of his passing through the college; for the reverential homage to Confucius on the part of the undergraduate points forward to the crifice, to Confucius on the part of the gra- duate or expectant official, and whatever might be said as regards the harmlessness of the homage to Confucius involved in the kowtow, the offering up of“ sacrifice to the mungs of the it may be taken for granted that the Emperorange" is an entirely different matter, for this is is fully convinced of the importance of educa

the highest form and expression of worship as tional reform and desires that the benefits of paid to High Heaven and savours of blasphemy Western enlightenment should be applied to when applied to mortal man. And the difficulty hi dominions; the Empress Dowager, 100,

has proved to be not merely a nominal ong, for judging from the edicts she has published, is

the Governor's successor has already dismissed also of the opinion that foreign education is not

a student who refused to di obeisance to the without its uses; and it is safe to assume that

Tablet of Confucius, and as a result the foreign many of the high officials believe that the only professors have felt compelled to tender their way to "guess the riddle" of the foreigner is to resignations.

plough with his heifer," and thus recommend the acquisition of Western knowledge as means to an end; but it would be an entire misconception of the whole situation to suppose that there is any intention on the part of the Chinese to revise their system of education by the substitution of Western for Chinese methods, ay this article will endeavour to demonstrate.

It would appear that there is a general in pression in England and elsewhere that, China has at last cast off the shackles which have bound her for so many centuries and has entered upon the path of "reform," at least in educational matters, with "full purpose of heart" and the deliberate conviction that Western knowledge is the one essential for the continued existence and ultimate prosperity of the Chinese Empire.

strongest terms that little or no notice had

A compromise has been suggested which is almost as subtle as the origin 1 statule viz., that Christian students should not be required to "worship" Confecius, but that, by neglect. ing to do so, they should surrender the financial assistance given to the students generally, and not be permitted to study the Confucian classics-the object of this device being to draw a strog line of demarcation belsteen the Christian and non-Christian students and cause the former to become marked men, to whom all hope of an official career would be foreclosed. Fot only so, but the Provincial Literary Chancellor cancelled the degree of a scholar, who was unable to

it

condemnation from the bigher authorities

Bills of Lading will be countersigned by the Undersigned.

Goods remaining unclaimed after MONDAY, the 16th instant, at Noon, will be subject to rent and landing charges.

All claims must be sent in to me on or before

--

the 16th instant, or they will not be recognised.

All damaged packages will be examined on MONDAY, the 16th instant, at 3 F.ST.

No Fire Insurance has been effected.

G. DE CHAMPEAUX, Agent, Hongkong. 9th February, 1903

(10040

- TOYO KISEN KAISHA, "The Sages of China have interpreted the

NOTICE. heart of nature while Western students have, this surf ce study they have gained a wide heen dealing with the surface of things. By

*ONSIGNEES of CARGO per Steamship range of useful nowledge that has resulted in greatly increased political power and industrial

"AMERICA MARU,” “ prosperity." It is only necessary superadd The above Steamer having arrived, Consignees this surface knowledge in the profounder of Cargo are hereby requested to send in their knowledge of nature and man which has been Bills of Lading for countersignature and to given through the teachings of the Sages to take immediate delivery of their Goods from give to China political power and material alongside. prosperity, and restore her to her millennial position as the Central Civilization from which the light of higher knowledge and virtue has heen shed farth up a less favoured nations, As to the character and scope of this educational reform, their ideas are vague and obscure, but on a few points there is very general agreement--Christianity is to form no part and to stand in re relation to the new learning Confucianism must continue occupy the rentral and fundamental place which it has ever held,"

10

There is much more to be said on the subjret, but perhaps the above may be sufficien: to show that the prospect of religious educationists and Christian missionaries gen: erilly are not materially improved by the murh-betanded educational reform.

Intimations.

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Hongkong, 30th January 1903,

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MCGREGOR BROS. & GOW, Honkong, 10 h. Febru ry*1903. [166

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at

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Hongkong. 13th February, 10-3

14

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To be Let.

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[10040

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make two old Machines instant, at 4 P.M., will be landed at Consignees NORTHERN PACIFIC STEAMSHIP NFK.

been recently made tlie subject of inuch.com- gratulation. The Governor of Shan-si recently instituted a new University at the provincial like new. capital (Fai-yuen-fu), in accordance with the suggestion of the Rev. T. Richard that the indemnity for the murders of missionaries and destruction of foreign property thould take this farm, and appointed Mr. Richard as co-director. But what was the surprise of the latter to find. that the Governor had at the same time arranged for the opening of another opposition University in the same city, which was quite independent of the other, and that one was supposed to present the Confucian element and the other the Christiani It is understood that as apree.

IMPORTED BY

RITCHIE &

Co.,

With reference to the so-called "educa tional reform," it may be stated that there is even yet no definite scheme of education to act as a basis. The Emperor is his edict, decreed that Universities should be estab lished in each province, colleges in each prefecture, and schools in each district; but as the Chinese language makes no distinction

return home to present himself at the local to have" your Bieycle re between singular and plural forms; the local examination, when he heard he was attending officials tok for granted that one University the new college at Tsi-nan, and declined to in each province, one college in each prefec- accept any arrangement which would atake ture, and one school in each hsien" would be possible for students absent from their homes sufficient to meet the case. How entirely take an equivalent for the peri lic examina inadequate such provision would be may be evidenced by the fact that some of the smalleston, although it was pointed out to him that these local examinations, which are held at #hsiens" or districts contaio no less than different places at different times, as the Liter. 50,000 scholars, so that the one school in such ary Chancellor pursues his circuit, would 4 district would require to be of Titauio destroy the continuity of the classes at the ALUMINUM dimensions. And though the nature of the college, as some students would be returning to schools required was thus roughly outlined their homes in one district this week, and another there was no suggestion as to the curriculum batch going to another district the next week for $1.25? to be adopted, nor any rules as to the mana and so on, and the work of the college would ment and direction of such schools. Nor was be seriously interfered with. The Chancellor any adequate provision made for the financial would accept no compromise, and openly sufficient maintenance of such institutions, with the

expressed his reprobation of the "foreign" result that six months after the proclamation college withou: eliciting any expression of of the edict, the Emperor complained in the

been taken of his Imperial behests. In those exceptional cases where action was taken, the officials endeavoured to evade the imputation of laxity by giving new names to the already Existing Chinese colleges, calling them "Chinese and Western Hills of Learning," by employing a small number of Chinese pro- fessors for the teaching of Chinese literature, &c, and a much smaller number of utterly unqualified natives for the teaching of English, French, science, &c.-not one of the "faculty having the feast idea whether the "English" teacher could speak English or the science master had ever studied the subject. Being unable to settle the question atisfactorily they were content if the "Professor" did not dement has been entered upon between the mand too large a salary; and, in order to Governor and Mr. Richard by which the two reduce the expenses still further, the number Universities are to be combined, but the of students received was strictly limited.

Institutions of this character have multiplied arrangement is sure to involve serious difficulty, to say nothing the faither problems which in all the provinces; in some cases the books will arise, as in the case of the college at to be studied have been selected by persons

Chinan. evidently ignorant of their sa'ure and contents, the selection being most hopelessly haphazard. In a few instances the professors are well- meaning men, though quite unacquainted with Western learning; bullie a majority of cases the "New College" has been made to supply berths to a large following of the directors poor relations. In some of these new inste tutions men of determined conservative character have been put in charge, with the evident intention of suppressing any effort at reform. So it has been, for instance, al the Su chau Provincial College, where the principal announced that he could not permit the use of such terms as the five continents," "the globe," "international law," &c.-the inference being that the old ideas must be maintained that the "universe" con-ists of "China, and that no other country can be regarded as a "continent" or the "barbarians conceived as entering into relations with her upon equal terms. In others men of advanced years and absolute ignorance of anything out- side of China have been charged with the conduct of these new "foreign" colleges, There is one case where a charity school has been converted into a Government "college," and the new staff consists of some 15 "Pro. fessors" all over 60 years of age, so that, it is popularly known by the facetious title of " The Old Men's Home.

Now, with reference to the religious aspect of this co-called "reform," it is evident that the intention is to give the missionaries their" congl.

In the two cases mentioned above there were special reasons why the services of mis- signaries should be invited, but the avowed opinion of the new High Commissioner of Edu ation, Chang Pe-hsi, is that such services are not desirable. In his memorial to the Throne he asserts that educational institutions in China have hitherto been in the hands of priests and discarded Customs officials, and that they have proved unproductive of good results.

That the services of missionaries were desider- nted because of the comparatively low salaries at which they could be commanded, but that in future they should be dispensed with in view of the missionaries' inveterate propagan dism of the "Jesus Feligion." That qualified teachers (non-religious) would be found too expensive, and that in future China would have to depend upon Japan for the supply of her instructors, as Japanese professors might be had for small remuneration, and there would be no religious difficulty. (The dismissal of the foreign staff of the Tung Wen College as Peking was the natural sequel.). And he fur- ther recommes 'a that text books, &c., should be specially prepared by competent translators, who should eliminate everything repugnant to Chinese ideals, and especially anything savour. ing of the foreign religion.

Some of the more conservative party pretend to discover in these new schools a deep scheme for the partition of China, which has only been delayed owing to the difficulty of communicat ing between foreigners, and Chinese, due to their mutual ignorance of each other's langa: age, and so these colleges have been suggesteding work as inefficient and useless. Thus the with a view to preparing the people, by a know ledge of foreign languages, for the inevitable fate which awaits them; and "one director, at least, has publicly declared that the Emperor was forced to consent to the opening of these colleges in spite of his own convictions.

Another wosk point to be noticed is that, so far, there is no provision made for the training of native teachers, and no preparation of text. books-the idea of instituting a translation

AKB for ASAHI JAPANESE BEER,

0. Oimuli

And not only is it the prevailing fashion to discount the benefit which education in China might derive from the labours of Christian missionaries, but even to condemn their exist Literary Chancellor of Kwei-chau has recently presented a memorial to the Emperor, in which he distinctly states that many of the works of some of the veteran translators, such as Martin and Fryer, whom he mentions by name, are involved, unreadable, and not worth looking at. From this it will be evident that whatever may be the trend of the new educational move ment in China, it is certainly not in the direc

SK for ASAHI JAPANESE BEER-

AG. Girault

39, Des Voeux Road.

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DAVID SASSOON & Co., LIMITED,

Agents.

Hongkong, 17th February, 1993.

[1730

NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA.

*5678

* pkg 18-h January 1903

THE HONGKONG STUDIO.

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f139

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DEALER IN Rattan Furniture, Bamboo Blinds and Matting of All C lours,

No. 45, Queru's Road, Central, Pre Lists On Application, Orders Executed Prom,tly. Hong, 12th May, 1902. (1458

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NIPPON YUSEN KÄISHA. Hengkong, 12th February, 1903.

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[1740

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Captains. 1903.

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FURNITURE WAREHOUSE,

18746

LI KWONG LOONG, 李廣隆

CABINET-MAKER AND ART Decoratox,

from Shanghai, has opened a FURNITURE STORE

at

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The only Shop in Hongkong with this name.

HERE HIGH-CLASS_FURNITURE of every description can be made to order in any design required.

WE

Has been patronised by the Hongkong Club, Hongkong Hotel, Messr. A. S. Watson & Co., Ld., Joint Telegraphs Cos, and other leading Establishments in the Colony, to whom refer- ence may be made as to the Superior Work- manship and Materials of the Furniture, &c, supplied.

Messrs. A.S. Watson & Co. write as follows "We have pleasure in stating that Mr. LI KWONG LOONG furnished the Annexe to aar Dispensary and gave us every satisfac-

tion,

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(sd.) A. S. WATION & Co., Ld. T Coupe prepared to accept Fire,

ORDERS punctually attended to, and Class FOREIGN and CHINESE RISKS CHARGES most moderate,

BRANKA | CURRENT RATEE SAUN

SIEMSSEN & Cò, {1400d||| Hongkong, shh May, 189f1-

AN INSPECTION INVITED, Hongkong, 20th December, 190a,