1901-09-21 — Page 3

COCHRANE STREET ENQUIRY,

"RE»FENED ENQUIRY,

The re-opened enquiry into the Cochrane Street disaster was resumed at the Police Court

this morning before Mr. Hazeland,

Mr. Bowley continued the examination of witnesses on behalf of the Crown and first called Frederick Pearson who deposed -1 am employed asclerk of the worksund general assist ant to Mr. Hazeland and was formerly an over seer in the Public Works Department, where I remained for about six years. While overseer i was also an Inspector of Buildings, teft the P. W. D. na the 20th June, 1900, and in July joined Mr. Hazeland. There was myself, Mr. Hazeland and Mr. Tooker as officials in charge of the building department, the first thing I did last year in connection wth No. 12. Cochrane Street was to examine the walls. 1 kept no diary of record of the work, but it was sometime in November that I made the exam ination. I cannot remember the exact day. Mr. Haveland" instructed, me to examine the walls, as another storey was to be adited. I was to ascertain whether the walls were in accordance with the Building Ordinance. He did not tell me to cut into the walls nor to examine the foundations, I found the walls were all right. I'made the examination by locking at them, and found the thickness was in accordance with the Building Ordinance. I measured the thickness of the walls, and examined them. but was unable to find any cracks. The houses were occupied at the time I did not get the tenants to move any of their property as I could examine the walls without doing so. I saw the walls in the blacksmith's shop without any machinery being removed. I could see the wall of the next house. Some sheet iron wi

against the party wall of the blacksmith slop,

and I went to the next house to see the other side.

י

·

I

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1901.

necessary to go and see the building, though,

The assumption proposed is one not calcul-

it is sometimes done. The plans give us all ated to awaken objection or dissent, but on the the necessary informatipa, we require..

contrary to disarm? both. It is, that the most Mr. Bowley. How do you know, the plan efficient of the two instruments of cooling is is correct?

units of heat from the human body is a given that which abstracts the greatest number of ime, under the conditions that obtain in the ordinary Indian summer weather,

The witnessWe take it for granted if it is sent in by a regular architect.

Continuing, he said: There is nothing in plan B." to show whether the walls are red or blue brick, or if they are properly bonded and solid throughout In the plan there is nothing to show the foundations of the old wall. I took Mr. Crisp round and showed him the various districts of the Colony. I dd not show him any particular works.

Mr. Parcy Thomas Crisp said :—¡ am Inspec tor of Buildings, and arrived in the Colony early on the moming of the 8th November last year. I want to the F.W.D. the same day at twelve noon. I went out with Mr. Xavier on the roth November, and for the first fortnight went about sometimes with hin and sometimes by myself. In connection with No. 32, Cochraně Street, 1 see from notice A. that I measured the width of the street. I think I made the measurement on the 13th November. Mr. Tooker gave me a list of various houses. was to go round and see the verandahs. I never went into No. 32 Cochrane Street, either before or during the alterations. I had too much to do, I was a stranger to the Colony and, not knowing the streets, it took me a consider able time to set through my work. I did not do any inspection until after Christmas. On the 14th May, 1901, I made a note of the fact that the verandah of No. 32 had been com- pleted. I did so at Mr. Toober's request: I simply walked along the street, and saw that the verandah was completed. With the ex- caption of measuring the width of the street and of noting the fact that the verandah was

completed I made no inspection of No. 32. On December 14th, I measured the width of the street in connection with No. 34. I never

Mr. Bowley-Can you see through a brick made any inspection of the premises, nor did I ever enter the house Since my arrival in the Colony I have been the only inspector or over- the cause of the collapse I have nothing to add seer of private builings in the P. W. D. As to

my former evidence. Since I last gave my evidence i have gone over the premises and found among the debris iron rods with a nut at one end which had evidently been used for a shelving or cockloft for storing iron pipes, &c.

from

wall?

Witness :—I cannot. "Continuing witness stated:-1 did not re- move any of the whitewash or dirt, from the walls when I made the examination. I did not use

a plumb line as I could see without whether anything was wrong. There was no indication of any crushing, and the walls appeared to be plumb. It was not possible to see the whole of the party walls

The iron rods are bolted through the floor the ground floor to the coping, as the floors were

joists, thus throwing extra weight upon the in the way. The inspection of No. 32, ochrane Street occurs. They had been in the blacksmith's pied me about 30 minutes. I reported

shop. This is a common thing in blacksmith's verbally to Mr. Hazeland on the state of the shops throughout the Colony. The floor joists walls, and afterwards made an inspection of have to stand many more hundredweights than No. 34 with the same object. It was about they were ever intended to carry. The wood- three or four weeks Inter. The examination work entering the wall from the wooden bearers was exactly the same as that of No. 32, and 1

causes culling about of the party walls, and the made a similar report. I am familiar with the

extra vibration of the smithy might have con- Building Ordinance, and know there are certain tributed to the collapse. stipulations regarding the foundations of walls.

Mr. Bowley-How could you tell these walls were in accordance with the Building Ordin. ance if you did not examine the foundation ?

Witness I could not tell.

Continuing he said: The foundations were not shown on the plans, und 1 could not tell whether the walls complied with the Ordinance without opening them. When alterations or additions to old buildings are being made it bas never been required by the P. W. D. that the bricks of the lower storey'shall be red. The walls in question were blue bricks, In my opinion the collapse was probably caused by

Witness made an explanatory sketch (marked H) which bis Worship asked to be put in.

His Worship asked Mr. Tooker if it was known whether there was any authority with reference to collapses caused by vibrations,

Mr. Tooker replied that it was a common thing for. collapses to occur from vibration in, the streets.

His Worship:-They said St. Paul's cathedral was coming down owing to the vibration from the Two-penny Tube."

Mr. Bowley-Do you think it is safe to have a blacksmith's shop in a tenement house?

The witness-With defective walls it is not

|

Intimations.

·DOUGLAS STEAMSHIP COMPANY, LIMITED.

be held at the Company's Office on SATUR THE ORDINARY MEETING of SHARE

HOLDERS in the above Company will DAY, the 18th instant, at Noon, for the purpose of receiving the Report of the General Mana In either case the heat is removed chieflygers, together with a Statement of Accounts to as latent heat by the evaporation of water from 30th June, 1901. the surface of the body. When, as is often the ase, the temperature of the air is greater than that of the skin, this is the only meane by.. which the body can be cooled by the agency of fans. It is interesting to note, by the way, how efficient it is, compared for example, to the expedient of drinking 'Iced water. By drinking a plat of the latter, 20 ounces of water are raised from 32" F. to 97a F., accounting for

about 80 units of heat: whereas by the evapora tion of a pint of moisture from the surface of the body some 1,200 units of heat are removed, though perhaps not wholly, from the body,"

The amount of moisture that can be eva-

will be CLOSED from the 23rd to the 28th The TRANSFER BOOKS of the Company instant, both Days inclusive,

DOUGLAS LAPRAIK & Co., General Managers. Hongkong, 18th September, 1001. (10290 UNION INSURANCE SOCIETY OF CANTON, LIMITED.

NOTICE TO SHAREHOLDERS.

N°

OTICE is hereby given that the YEARLY MEETING of the SOCIETY will be IN TWENTY-EIGHTH ORDINARY held at the HEAD OFFICE, No. 1, Queen's Buildings, Hongkong, on THURSDAY, the roth October, 1991, Noni, fur the purpose gether with the Statements of Accounts for of receiving the Report of the Directors to- the year 1oo and for the half year ending the 30th June, 1901, and of declaring Divi-

porated from a given area of skin will depend, other things being equal, upon the rate at which the air in immediate contact with it is moved and changed. Under the more favour.dends, etc. able circumstance of the air being at a lower temperature than the skin, the extra amount of heat lost by being directly communicated to the air by conduction or convection, will depend on the same thing.

The comparison in question, therefore,. resolves itself into this: are electric fans or punkahs best calculated to effect a rapid inove

ment and change of the air in immediate con- tact with the skin?

Before going further it will be well to revert to our assumption. It is not impossible to con- tend that the sitter under the punkah or fan, does not demand the abstraction of units of

heat at all, but only the sensation of coolness commonly associated with the process, which sensation bears no direct relation, in point of intensity, to the number of units of heat lost; and that the proper object to be aimed at, is

Contentions of this kind are very plausible, the attainment of the greatest sensation, of coolness with the least possible loss of heat

but carry no weight unless supported by exhaustive psychological investigations, through experiment and observation, to unambiguous results.

No such investiga

tions have been undertaken, much less carried to fruition;, and in default thereof, enunciated, that the most efficient producer of the simple and practical assumption already

will commend itself to the commonsense of all. It by no means follows, however, that the instrument effecting the greatest amount of air agitation in the room will change the air in contact with the skin. most rapidly as to fulfil the conditions laid down.

The ordinary punkah is very unscientifically designed and very unscientifically hung. A flat panelled board with a thick puckered Tril! of equal length, tends to move the air in its neighbourhood backwards and forwards with a velocity rather less than its own, instead of to drive a current over the sitter below. The rase is somewhat better when the fat board is omitted and the frill attached to a pole. The deflection of the former assists in directing the movement of the air downwards. It was pro- posed in our columns many years ago by a

the coolness is the one that abstracts most heat,

correspondent that the flat board or pole should be replaced by a trangular frame work, the frill attached to its apex. The

the outlets being blocked and the water-being safe to have a black smith's shop on the ground latter on deflecting forming the continuation

unable to get away. The same thing happened two or three years ago at the Queen's Road entrance to the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank. I was assistant-aurveyor for years to the Cape Government Railways Company, and was also engaged on the Tytan Waterworks, and afterwards I went with Danby and Orange, Palmer and Turner, and W. Danby and then joined the P., W. D..

John Stewart, draughtsman in Mr Hazeland's office said-Last year I measured Nos. 32 and 34, Cochrane Street, and prepared the plans B. and E. producad. I did not make the original nor the tracing of the plan marked C. In order to prepare the plans I took measure.. ments of the depths and widths of the ground floors, and of the yards and kitchens. I took the heights of the ground and first and second floors. The total amount of time I spent in each house was fifteen minutes,..

cor of a tenement hous.

Have you ever seen it before?-in my ex- perience I have never seen a blacksmith's forge in a tenement house; I have never scen a smithy underneath a living house.

At this stage the inquiry was adjourned till 10 o'clock on Monday, when other evidence will be taken.

CORRESPONDENCE,

We do not tietearily endors the opinions expraised by Correspondenta In this column,]

QUEEN'S ROAD,

TO THE EDITOR OF THE "HONGKONG Telegraph." -

of a surface so formed and inclined as by its movement to effect a'maximum current of air

will be CLOSEU from the 30th September to The TRANSFER BOOKS of the Society

roth October, both Days inclusive.

By Order of the Board,

1

[1033

W. J. SAUNDERS, Secretary. Hongkong, 19th Se.tember, 1907.

BRITISH NORTH BORNEO. TE

ENDERS are invited for the General Farms for a period of three years com- mencing from the 1st juuary, 1902, as herein below described:-

OPUIM: The sole right to import, manufac ture and sell raw Opium, Chandu and Opium Dross in British North Borneo and Labuan..

as are usually consumed by Chinese and other SPIRITS. The sole rght to license the manufacture and sale of such Wines and Spirits Asiatics, and the right to issue licenses to sell dated 1st February, 1893. Wines, Beer and Spirits under Notification

PAWN-BROKING. The sole right to keep and license others to keep Pawn-broking Establishments.

GAMBLING. The sole right to keep and to license the keening of Gambling Houses.

(1) These tenders must be sent under sealed cover to reach Sandakan by noun on the 31st to the Secretary to the Governor. The words slay of October, 1901, and inust be addressed

"Revenue. Farms," must be written on the outside of the envelope.

Intimations.

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(2.) The Laws and Regulations governing CIGAR MERCHANTS

Office of Messrs. Guthrie and Co., Singapore, these Farms can be seen on application at the

kong, of the Malay Mail at Kwala Lumpor of Messrs. Gibb, Livingston and Co., Hong

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(3) The Opium Regulations are similar to those in the Straits Settlements.

(4) The Gambling Regulations are similar to those in the Malay States.

Territory, but any tenderer may submit a se (5) These Tenders are invited for the whole

parate tender for any of these Farms or for any portion of the State of British North Borneo,

(6) Every tender must stile the nature of the Security to be offered, which must be partly in cash, to be deposited in an approves Bank, and partly in land and house property.

(7.). The Government does not bind itself to accept the highest or any tender,

LABUAN,

The Colony of Labuan will be included in the British North Borneo Farms for Opium, Spirits and Pawn-broking.

Sandakan, 8th July, 1901.

WANTED,

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as an ASSISTANT BOOKKEEPER. A CHINESE or PORTUGUESE at once, Salary $35 to $40.

Apply personally to-

H. RUTTONJEE Hongkong, 6th September, 1901.

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downwards. The plan was considered un. practical at the time in Calcutts, because the habit of using ceiling lamps had become com- mon, and such a change in the design of the punkaha would have caused them to cast too great shadows. The puckered frill in any case is not ornamental, but is calculated to diminish the current, of air produced by unnecessary friction. It should be replaced by linoleum.

In the case of a small room and a large A Act as COMPRADORE from next

punkah the movement of the air backwards and forwards may become of importance irrespec lively of the direction of a current downwards. This, however, is mere displacement, not fan-

SIR-It is enerally held that if you harp on a subject long enough something may be done, So again I write to you about the banks wading, it obtains as much above as below the braes of bonnie Queen's Road.

I notice that that part just beyond where the Government roller went in for mining is being well and truly laid with sound blue stone. Why is not the same material used in front of the Supreme Court where there is double the traffic? 1. presume it is because the rotten décomposed granite laid down is, at first sight, cheaper. It is only a Public Works Depart ment that could perpetuate such a miserable farce as repairing a road with muck. Apoio gising for troubling you again.

3 remain.

Yours, &c.,

Hongkong, September 21st, igor.

ELECTRIC FANS AND PUNKAHS.

Mr. Xavier said:-I am an A.M.I.C.E. and Assistant Engineer of the P. W. D. whore have been for 14 years. I took charge of the Building Ordinance work under Mr. Tooker on the 1st May, 1900. That was upon the resignation of Mr. Hageland. I had Mr. Pearson and a part of a Chinese clerk's service. Mr. Pearson resigned on the 15th Juna Jast yaar, when I had the entire services of a Chinese clerk, who simply undertook the clerical work. 1 had no overseer after the 25th June. On the 9th November 1 gaye up Building Ordinance avärk. i was working single-handed from the 5th June till the time I resigned. Between those dates I had in addition, ihren át four public works extraordinary in my charge. For five months I had the supervision of all the private works in the Colony without any assis THE fact that man-power, lends itself to a tance. I did the best. I could, but it was not recíprocating movement and electric-power. to possible to exercise any effective supervision a rotary motion, makes an additonal complic. over the works in progress reported ation in comparing the two methods of putting this matter in writing to Mr Tooker about air into circulation, which are now competing the end of June. On the 9th November, under for public favour on the margin of an area ever instruction from Mr. Tooker, handel over increasing in extent. the work to Mr. Crisp. The notice marked "A" referring to No. 32 Cochrane Street did pass through my hands. The plan "B" was attached but, it was simply passed through for me to note, and then forward to the M. O. H. It was not my duty to examine the plan except when. I was particularly requested to do so. It was Mr. Tooker's duty to see that the plans comply with the

The object, whether of a punkah or an electrically driven fan, is to keep cool the persons of the occupants of the room. The question of which is the better of the two is quite as much a matter of psychology as econ- omics. Psychology, however, is not a subject which may properly be treated in the pages of the Journal, so we must adopt some reasonable

Building Ordinance. I have never option which will convert the psychologie been to No. 31, Cochrane Street. It lu ́nor | cai problem into a physical one.

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punkah and uses up the strength of the coolie most uncconomically.

delivers a strong current where it is most The advantage of the electric fan is that it

wanted, and where the comfort of one man, who can sit underneath if, is concerned, the. energy dissipated in air agitation it cumed to much better account than with a punkah, sa Where the comfort of the occupants of crowded room is in question, one sort of air agitation is little better than another. The pro- pasal to make such chambers circular in plat and use electric fans at the circumference of the upper part to direct a current of air tan- gentially so as to keep up a vortex may be comiended to the attention of architects.

To sleep under a punkah formed of a heavy; { pole holding a strip of linoleum about 18 inches deep, encastré, is in the opinion of some who have tried it preferable to any electric fan. The body lies parallel to the pole and receives a well directed current of air uniformly all over it. The rythmical motion also is conducive to sleep. Unfortunately this effect extends to the puukab cooliè. -

Thus it will be seen that although the pro position that the respective merits of electric. fans and punkahs can be compared by con sidering the relative energy expended in air qualifications and limitations, it is nevertheless agitation is cryde and subject to, numerous the only ground upon which the comparison can be profitably made, and for practical pur- poses in a sufficient approximation to the truth." human considerations which each must work Apart from mere convenience and such like

out for himself, it becomes a simple question of whether a given number of foot lbs, of work wallah or by the electric supply company. can be supplied more cheaply by the punkah Indian Enginearing, how fa

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