23
86 they were considered a bad influence by Sir Richard MacCulloch, Recorder of Singapore 1856-66, and merchants and Grand Juries made "vague accusations from time to time" (Turnbull, supra (on convicts), p 99)
*for example, between 1830 and 1850, more than 1500 Thugs were sent to Singapore and Penang, and they played a prominent part in the Dusserah and Muharram festivals, turning them into the rowdy display of hooliganism they became by the middle of the century.' (Turnbull, supra (on convicts), p 100)
88 for example, transportation of convicts to the Straits Settlements were put to an end in 1860 (Annual retrospect for 1860 in SFP 10 Jan 1861)
89 for example, Governor Cavenagh took a personal interest in the convict administration, the health of the convicts improved, death rates fell with more attention paid to their diet; better supervision, incentive bonuses enhanced their efficiency
90 1857 riots
"1 albeit that their fears were groundless in most instances
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources:
Hansard Parliamentary Debates 3rd ser, cxlix, (986 - 996) Parliamentary Papers, 1862, xl (House of Commons) The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce Singapore Free Press
CO273 series (Straits Settlements, Original Correspondence) Straits Settlements Records (Microfilm 139, 141, 142, 184)
Treaties:
Treaty of 6 February 1819 (Johore 1819) (Treaties with Native States, Part III) Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the EIC and the Sultan of Johore (1824) (Treaties with Native States Part III)
Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Alliance of 1800 (Treaties with Native States, Part I)
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86 they were considered a bad influence by Sir Richard McCausland, Recorder of Singapore 1856-66, and merchants and Grand Juries made "vague accusations from time to time" (Turnbull, supra (on convicts), p 99)
*for example, between 1830 and 1850, more than 1500 Thugs were sent to Singaore and Penang, and they played a prominent part in the Dusserah and Muharram festivals, turning them into the rowdy display of hooliganism they became by the middle of the century.' (Tumbull, supra (on convicts), p 100)
88 for example, transportation of convicts to the Straits Settlements were put to an
end in 1860 (Annual retrospect for 1860 in SFP 10 Jan 1861)
9 for example, Governor Cavenagh took a personal interest in the convict administration, the health of the convicts improved, death rates fell with more attention paid to their diet; better supervision, incentive bonuses enhanced their efficiency
90 1857 riots
"1 albeit that their fears were groundless in most instances
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources:
Hansard Parliamentary Debates 3rd ser, cxlix, (986 - 996) Parliamentary Papers, 1862, x1 (House of Commons) The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce Singapore Free Press
CO 273 series (Straits Settlements, Original Correspondence) Straits Settlements Records (Microfilm 139, 141, 142, 184)
Treaties:
Treaty of 6 February 1819 (Johore 1819) (Treaties with Native States, Part III) Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the EIC and the Sultan of Johore (1824) (Treaties with Native States Part III)
Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Alliance of 1800 (Treaties with Native States, Part I)
Page 90Page 91
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