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68 GJTSJC II:51, 19b. GÖRAN AUMER 69 GJTSJC VI:1259, RG 2a. 70 GJTSJC VI:1193,風俗考26;1130,風俗考 2a;1142,風俗考 38; 1120,風俗考 5a;1166,風俗考 5a. 71 GJTSJC VI: 1259, + 2ab. For two interesting discussions on foodstuffs as part of offering rituals, and in terms of cooked and raw food, see Emily M. Ahern, The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973, pp. 167-170, and Arthur P. Wolf: Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors, pp. 131-182 in Arthur P. Wolf (ed.), Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1974. 72 Chroniclers report this custom from Hanzhou (GJTSJC VI:1130, 1b), Jingshan (VI:1142. 3a), Zhongxiang (VI:1142, 6☀ Ib), Chongyang (VI:1120, K‡ 4a), and Yingshan (VI:1166, ### 3b, 4a). 73 GJTSJC VI:1120, 564 4a. . 17a) tells on an River; A similar 74 A local tradition from Daye ★✯ (GJTSJC VI: 4 about how a persecuted jiao dragon turned itself into an ox island in a river. This was henceforth called Bull Island transmutation is mentioned in a legend referring to the Yuan see E. T. C. Werner, A Dictionary of Chinese Mythology, Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh Ltd. 1932, p. 116f. 75 In Tongshan there was an idea of a pair of Earth Gods She Gong A and She Mu. I have no other evidence for ideas of a female counterpart in the Dongting area; GJTSJC VI:1120, ### 6b. 76 GJTSJC VI:1193, #‡ 2a. This may be compared to the use of a mixture of rice and red beans, sometimes contained in a pot, on other ritual occasions; see Aijmer, The Dragon Boat Festival, p. 76. 77 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb. 78 GJTSJC VI:1142, £## 2a. 79 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb. 30 #Ma juan 3: 8a. 風俗考 81 GJTSJC VI:1120, 46. 82 GJTSJC VI:1142, 83 GJTSJC VI: 1120, 3a. 46. 84 GJTSJC VI:1166, 46. 風俗考 85 GJTSJC VI:1193, # 2a. 荆楚歲時記 Seasons in Jing and Chu. Auth. Tsung Lin 86, juan 13:4a. 87 GJTSIC VI:1130, † 1b. 風俗考 88 GJTSJC VI:1120, 4b. 89 GJTSJC VI:1120, E## 26. 90 Aijmer, A Structural Approach... p. 95. 91 GJTSJC VI:1142, 6 lb, 2b. 92 荊楚歲時記7b. 風俗考 16,2b. M16 93 GJTSJC VI:1142, ‡ 2a. 94 loc. cit. 95 GJTSJC VI:1166, # 46. 5b. Records of the Ed: MELAR‡ n.d.

Baseline (Original)

82 68 GJTSJC II:51, 19b. GÖRAN AUMER 69 GJTSJC VI:1259, RG 2a. 70 GJTSJC VI:1193,風俗考26;1130,風俗考 2a;1142,風俗考 38; 1120,風俗考 5a;1166,風俗考 5a. 71 GJTSJC VI: 1259, + 2ab. For two interesting discussions on foodstuffs as part of offering rituals, and in terms of cooked and raw food, see Emily M. Ahern, The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973, pp. 167-170, and Arthur P. Wolf: Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors, pp. 131-182 in Arthur P. Wolf (ed.), Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1974. 72 Chroniclers report this custom from Hanzhou (GJTSJC VI:1130, 1b), Jingshan (VI:1142. 3a), Zhongxiang (VI:1142, 6☀ Ib), Chongyang (VI:1120, K‡ 4a), and Yingshan (VI:1166, ### 3b, 4a). 73 GJTSJC VI:1120, 564 4a. . 17a) tells on an River; A similar 74 A local tradition from Daye ★✯ (GJTSJC VI: 4 about how a persecuted jiao dragon turned itself into an ox island in a river. This was henceforth called Bull Island transmutation is mentioned in a legend referring to the Yuan see E. T. C. Werner, A Dictionary of Chinese Mythology, Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh Ltd. 1932, p. 116f. 75 In Tongshan there was an idea of a pair of Earth Gods She Gong A and She Mu. I have no other evidence for ideas of a female counterpart in the Dongting area; GJTSJC VI:1120, ### 6b. 76 GJTSJC VI:1193, #‡ 2a. This may be compared to the use of a mixture of rice and red beans, sometimes contained in a pot, on other ritual occasions; see Aijmer, The Dragon Boat Festival, p. 76. 77 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb. 78 GJTSJC VI:1142, £## 2a. 79 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb. 30 #Ma juan 3: 8a. 風俗考 81 GJTSJC VI:1120, 46. 82 GJTSJC VI:1142, 83 GJTSJC VI: 1120, 3a. ## 46. 84 GJTSJC VI:1166, 46. 風俗考 85 GJTSJC VI:1193, # 2a. 荆楚歲時記 Seasons in Jing and Chu. Auth. Tsung Lin 86, juan 13:4a. 87 GJTSIC VI:1130, † 1b. 風俗考 88 GJTSJC VI:1120, 4b. 89 GJTSJC VI:1120, E## 26. 90 Aijmer, A Structural Approach... p. 95. 91 GJTSJC VI:1142, 6 lb, 2b. 92 荊楚歲時記7b. 風俗考 16,2b. M16 93 GJTSJC VI:1142, ‡ 2a. 94 loc. cit. 95 GJTSJC VI:1166, # 46. 5b. Records of the Ed: MELAR‡ n.d.

2026-05-12 22:37:17 · NVIDIA / meta/llama-4-maverick-17b-128e-instruct

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82 68 GJTSJC II:51, 19b. GÖRAN AUMER 69 GJTSJC VI:1259, RG 2a. 70 GJTSJC VI:1193, 風俗考 26; 1130, 風俗考 2a; 1142, 風俗考 38; 1120, 風俗考 5a; 1166, 風俗考 5a. 71 GJTSJC VI: 1259, + 2ab. For two interesting discussions on foodstuffs as part of offering rituals, and in terms of cooked and raw food, see Emily M. Ahern, The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973, pp. 167-170, and Arthur P. Wolf: Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors, pp. 131-182 in Arthur P. Wolf (ed.), Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1974. 72 Chroniclers report this custom from Hanzhou (GJTSJC VI:1130, 1b), Jingshan (VI:1142, 3a), Zhongxiang (VI:1142, 6b), Chongyang (VI:1120, 4a), and Yingshan (VI:1166, 3b, 4a). 73 GJTSJC VI:1120, 4a. 74 A local tradition from Daye (GJTSJC VI: ... 17a) tells of a persecuted jiao dragon that turned itself into an ox island in a river; this was henceforth called Bull Island. A similar transmutation is mentioned in a legend referring to the Yuan River; see E. T. C. Werner, A Dictionary of Chinese Mythology, Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh Ltd. 1932, p. 116f. 75 In Tongshan, there was an idea of a pair of Earth Gods, She Gong and She Mu. I have no other evidence for ideas of a female counterpart in the Dongting area; GJTSJC VI:1120, 6b. 76 GJTSJC VI:1193, 2a. This may be compared to the use of a mixture of rice and red beans, sometimes contained in a pot, on other ritual occasions; see Aijmer, The Dragon Boat Festival, p. 76. 77 GJTSJC VI:1259, 1b. 78 GJTSJC VI:1142, 2a. 79 GJTSJC VI:1259, 1b. 80 #Ma juan 3: 8a. 風俗考 81 GJTSJC VI:1120, 4b. 82 GJTSJC VI:1142, 4b. 83 GJTSJC VI:1120, 3a. ## 4b. 84 GJTSJC VI:1166, 4b. 風俗考 85 GJTSJC VI:1193, 2a. 荆楚歲時記 Seasons in Jing and Chu. Auth. Tsung Lin 86, juan 13:4a. 87 GJTSJC VI:1130, 1b. 風俗考 88 GJTSJC VI:1120, 4b. 89 GJTSJC VI:1120, 2b. 90 Aijmer, A Structural Approach... p. 95. 91 GJTSJC VI:1142, 1b, 2b. 92 荊楚歲時記 7b. 風俗考 16, 2b. M16 93 GJTSJC VI:1142, 2a. 94 loc. cit. 95 GJTSJC VI:1166, 5b. Records of the ... Ed: MELAR‡ n.d.

Baseline (Original)

82 68 GJTSJC II:51, 19b. GÖRAN AUMER 69 GJTSJC VI:1259, RG 2a. 70 GJTSJC VI:1193,風俗考26;1130,風俗考 2a;1142,風俗考 38; 1120,風俗考 5a;1166,風俗考 5a. 71 GJTSJC VI: 1259, + 2ab. For two interesting discussions on foodstuffs as part of offering rituals, and in terms of cooked and raw food, see Emily M. Ahern, The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973, pp. 167-170, and Arthur P. Wolf: Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors, pp. 131-182 in Arthur P. Wolf (ed.), Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1974. 72 Chroniclers report this custom from Hanzhou (GJTSJC VI:1130, 1b), Jingshan (VI:1142. 3a), Zhongxiang (VI:1142, 6☀ Ib), Chongyang (VI:1120, K‡ 4a), and Yingshan (VI:1166, ### 3b, 4a). 73 GJTSJC VI:1120, 564 4a. . 17a) tells on an River; A similar 74 A local tradition from Daye ★✯ (GJTSJC VI: 4 about how a persecuted jiao dragon turned itself into an ox island in a river. This was henceforth called Bull Island transmutation is mentioned in a legend referring to the Yuan see E. T. C. Werner, A Dictionary of Chinese Mythology, Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh Ltd. 1932, p. 116f. 75 In Tongshan there was an idea of a pair of Earth Gods She Gong A and She Mu. I have no other evidence for ideas of a female counterpart in the Dongting area; GJTSJC VI:1120, ### 6b. 76 GJTSJC VI:1193, #‡ 2a. This may be compared to the use of a mixture of rice and red beans, sometimes contained in a pot, on other ritual occasions; see Aijmer, The Dragon Boat Festival, p. 76. 77 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb. 78 GJTSJC VI:1142, £## 2a. 79 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb. 30 #Ma juan 3: 8a. 風俗考 81 GJTSJC VI:1120, 46. 82 GJTSJC VI:1142, 83 GJTSJC VI: 1120, 3a. ## 46. 84 GJTSJC VI:1166, 46. 風俗考 85 GJTSJC VI:1193, # 2a. 荆楚歲時記 Seasons in Jing and Chu. Auth. Tsung Lin 86, juan 13:4a. 87 GJTSIC VI:1130, † 1b. 風俗考 88 GJTSJC VI:1120, 4b. 89 GJTSJC VI:1120, E## 26. 90 Aijmer, A Structural Approach... p. 95. 91 GJTSJC VI:1142, 6 lb, 2b. 92 荊楚歲時記7b. 風俗考 16,2b. M16 93 GJTSJC VI:1142, ‡ 2a. 94 loc. cit. 95 GJTSJC VI:1166, # 46. 5b. Records of the Ed: MELAR‡ n.d.

2026-05-12 22:37:17 · Baseline

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82

68 GJTSJC II:51, 19b.

GÖRAN AUMER

69 GJTSJC VI:1259, RG

2a.

70 GJTSJC VI:1193,風俗考26;1130,風俗考 2a;1142,風俗考 38; 1120,風俗考 5a;1166,風俗考 5a.

71 GJTSJC VI: 1259, + 2ab. For two interesting discussions on foodstuffs as part of offering rituals, and in terms of cooked and raw food, see Emily M. Ahern, The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973, pp. 167-170, and Arthur P. Wolf: Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors, pp. 131-182 in Arthur P. Wolf (ed.), Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1974. 72 Chroniclers report this custom from Hanzhou (GJTSJC VI:1130, 1b), Jingshan (VI:1142. 3a), Zhongxiang (VI:1142, 6☀ Ib), Chongyang (VI:1120, K‡ 4a), and Yingshan (VI:1166, ### 3b, 4a).

73 GJTSJC VI:1120, 564 4a.

.

17a) tells on an

River;

A similar

74 A local tradition from Daye ★✯ (GJTSJC VI: 4 about how a persecuted jiao dragon turned itself into an ox island in a river. This was henceforth called Bull Island transmutation is mentioned in a legend referring to the Yuan see E. T. C. Werner, A Dictionary of Chinese Mythology, Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh Ltd. 1932, p. 116f.

75 In Tongshan there was an idea of a pair of Earth Gods She Gong A and She Mu. I have no other evidence for ideas of a female counterpart in the Dongting area; GJTSJC VI:1120, ### 6b.

76 GJTSJC VI:1193, #‡ 2a. This may be compared to the use of a mixture of rice and red beans, sometimes contained in a pot, on other ritual occasions; see Aijmer, The Dragon Boat Festival, p. 76.

77 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb.

78 GJTSJC VI:1142, £## 2a.

79 GJTSJC VI:1259, ## lb.

30 #Ma juan 3: 8a.

風俗考

81 GJTSJC VI:1120, 46.

82 GJTSJC VI:1142,

83 GJTSJC VI: 1120,

3a.

##

46.

84 GJTSJC VI:1166, 46.

風俗考

85 GJTSJC VI:1193, # 2a. 荆楚歲時記

Seasons in Jing and Chu. Auth. Tsung Lin

86, juan 13:4a.

87 GJTSIC VI:1130, † 1b.

風俗考

88 GJTSJC VI:1120, 4b.

89 GJTSJC VI:1120, E## 26.

90 Aijmer, A Structural Approach... p. 95.

91 GJTSJC VI:1142, 6 lb, 2b.

92 荊楚歲時記7b.

風俗考 16,2b.

M16

93 GJTSJC VI:1142, ‡ 2a.

94 loc. cit.

95 GJTSJC VI:1166, # 46.

5b. Records of the

Ed: MELAR‡ n.d.

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