RAS-1965 — Page 64

RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 All AI Reviewed

THE DIALECTS OF HONG KONG BOAT PEOPLE

57

for the modern KS vocalisms. These lists are selective and deliberately ignore a few exceptions, but without being exhaustive they do provide enough information to outline the origins of KS syllable types. The tones are not designated in these lists except in cases where the KS forms differ from or cannot be traced to their traditional categories. Normally these categories will be the same as for the identical word in SC.

✔ a 'tooth', ma 'horse', ma ‘horse', 'melon, fa 'flower', -aithai 'too, extreme', ka ‘household'. A ka ua 'speech'. kai ‘intermediary', mai 'to buy', kai 'strange', fai ‘lungs', kai 'drawer', uai 'to oppose'. lai ‘mud', ai 'dangerous', -au pau 'satiated', au 'to bite', cau ‘to run', □ hau 'mouth', cau ‘wine', kau ‘nine', iau ‘young'. lat 'pungent', sat ‘to kill', at ‘a duck', cat 'mixed', chat ‘a brush'. cak ‘pluck', than 'watery', kan ‘to dare', can 'to cut off', 斬 kan 'barrier', -ak pak 'one hundred', hak ‘guest', -an lan 'south', -ang ang 'hard', san 'to disperse', san 'mountain', fan 'to turn back'. sang 'to give birth', cang 'to struggle', uang 'crosswise'. ie 'night', sie 'snake', ce 'word, character', 蛇 sie‘snake’, chei “dignified', (a surname), hei 'to go', 墟 'market, lei 'you', ei 'ear', fei 'to fly'. -ei hei 'to go', -et fet 'needy', set 'wet', ket 'quick, anxious', het 'blind', ŋ iet 'day', pet 'writing brush', phei 'skin', tei ‘earth', sei ‘to die', -en chet 'to go out', ffet 'Buddha', het 'black'. sen 'deep', len 'forest', then 'to hate', sen 'new', ien 'man', khen (and ken) 'near', & uen

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2026-05-12 15:41:01 · NVIDIA / meta/llama-4-maverick-17b-128e-instruct
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THE DIALECTS OF HONG KONG BOAT PEOPLE 57 for the modern KS vocalisms. These lists are selective and deliberately ignore a few exceptions, but without being exhaustive they do provide enough information to outline the origins of KS syllable types. The tones are not designated in these lists except in cases where the KS forms differ from or cannot be traced to their traditional categories. Normally these categories will be the same as for the identical word in SC. a 'tooth', ma 'horse', ma ‘horse', 'melon, fa 'flower', -aithai 'too, extreme', ka ‘household'. A ka ua 'speech'. kai ‘intermediary', mai 'to buy', kai 'strange', fai ‘lungs', kai 'drawer', uai 'to oppose'. lai ‘mud', ai 'dangerous', -au pau 'satiated', au 'to bite', cau ‘to run', hau 'mouth', cau ‘wine', kau ‘nine', iau ‘young'. lat 'pungent', sat ‘to kill', at ‘a duck', cat 'mixed', chat ‘a brush'. cak ‘pluck', than 'watery', kan ‘to dare', can 'to cut off', kan 'barrier', -ak pak 'one hundred', hak ‘guest', -an lan 'south', -ang ang 'hard', san 'to disperse', san 'mountain', fan 'to turn back'. sang 'to give birth', cang 'to struggle', uang 'crosswise'. ie 'night', sie 'snake', ce 'word, character', sie‘snake’, chei “dignified', (a surname), hei 'to go', 'market, lei 'you', ei 'ear', fei 'to fly'. -ei hei 'to go', -et fet 'needy', set 'wet', ket 'quick, anxious', het 'blind', ŋ iet 'day', pet 'writing brush', phei 'skin', tei ‘earth', sei ‘to die', -en chet 'to go out', ffet 'Buddha', het 'black'. sen 'deep', len 'forest', then 'to hate', sen 'new', ien 'man', khen (and ken) 'near', & uen
Baseline (Original)
THE DIALECTS OF HONG KONG BOAT PEOPLE 57 for the modern KS vocalisms. These lists are selective and deliberately ignore a few exceptions, but without being exhaustive they do provide enough information to outline the origins of KS syllable types. The tones are not designated in these fists except in cases where the KS forms differ from or cannot be traced to their traditional categories. Normally these categories will be the same as for the identical word in SC. a 'tooth', ma 'horse', ma ‘horse', 'melon, fa 'flower', -aithai 'too, extreme', ka ‘household'. A ka ua 'speech'. kai ‘intermediary', mai kai 'strange', fai ‘lungs', kai 'drawer', uai 'to oppose'. 'to buy', lai ‘mud', ai 'dangerous', -au pau 'satiated', au 'to bite', cau ‘to run', hau -at ‘mouth', cau ‘wine', kau ‘nine', iau ‘young'. lat 'pungent', sat ‘to kill', at ‘a duck', # cat 'mixed', chat ‘a brush'. cak ‘pluck', than 'watery', kan ‘to dare', can -ak pak 'one hundred', hak ‘guest', -an lan 'south', 'to cut off, kan 'barrier, -ang ang 'hard', san 'to disperse', san 'mountain', fan to turn back'. sang 'to give birth', cang to uang 'crosswise'. ie 'night', sie 'snake', ce sie‘snake’,宇 chei “dignified', (a surname), hei struggle, se 'to write", 'word, character', 12 -ei hei 'to go', 'market, lei 'you', ei ear, fei 'to fly'. -et fet 'needy', set 'wet', ket quick, anxious', het 'blind', ŋ iet 'day', pet 'writing brush', phei 'skin', tei ‘earth', sei ‘to die', -en chet to go out', ffet 'Buddha', het 'black'. sen 'deep', len 'forest', then 'to hate', a sen 'new', ien 'man', khen (and ken) 'near', & uen
2026-05-12 15:41:01 · Baseline
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THE DIALECTS OF HONG KONG BOAT PEOPLE

57

for the modern KS vocalisms. These lists are selective and deliberately ignore a few exceptions, but without being exhaustive they do provide enough information to outline the origins of KS syllable types. The tones are not designated in these fists except in cases where the KS forms differ from or cannot be traced to their traditional categories. Normally these categories will be the same as for the identical word in SC.

✈ a 'tooth',

ma 'horse',

ma ‘horse',

'melon, fa 'flower',

-aithai 'too, extreme',

ka ‘household'. A ka

ua 'speech'.

kai ‘intermediary',

mai

kai 'strange', fai ‘lungs',

kai 'drawer', uai 'to oppose'.

'to buy',

lai ‘mud',

ai 'dangerous',

-au

pau 'satiated',

au 'to bite', cau ‘to run', □ hau

-at

‘mouth', cau ‘wine', kau ‘nine', iau ‘young'. lat 'pungent', sat ‘to kill', at ‘a duck', # cat 'mixed', chat ‘a brush'.

cak ‘pluck',

than 'watery', kan ‘to dare', can

-ak

pak 'one hundred', hak ‘guest',

-an

lan 'south', 'to cut off,

kan 'barrier,

-ang ang 'hard',

san 'to disperse', san 'mountain',

fan to turn back'.

sang 'to give birth', cang to

uang 'crosswise'.

ie 'night', sie 'snake', ce

蛇 sie‘snake’,宇

chei “dignified', (a surname), hei

struggle,

se 'to write",

'word, character', 12

-ei

hei 'to go',

'market,

lei 'you',

ei ear, fei 'to fly'.

-et

fet 'needy',

set 'wet',

ket quick, anxious',

het 'blind',

ŋ

iet 'day',

pet 'writing brush',

phei 'skin', tei ‘earth', sei ‘to die',

-en

chet to go out', ffet 'Buddha', het 'black'.

sen 'deep',

len 'forest', then 'to hate', a sen

'new', ien 'man',

khen (and ken) 'near', & uen

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