728915-1847-20-Mar-1847 — Page 4

muz the phale of the imperial and mer

natives of this teritory, than 150,000 silors among

shermen in not inferior In

fan there are tena of thousands of the

cory they do not confine them-

The bankers of the capital, the actors in all hezar joga undertaking, Clin-chew, They cultivate the most barres and, and May be seen perched on rocks, that rel, would not apparently yield a blade of grass; from those mountains and rocks, by labour and at- leahen, they extract then crops annually.

*In Cantagalmortonery article of traffic is under their dirmation. They have penetrated to the Woo F. for hills, planted the Ankoi regions with thần More shrub, and early engrossed its cuminerce, than a million of these people are scattered ever Fan reclaimed by them. Cinna the sand of Hainan wan Formina has only for the last two centuries become the serne of their industry, and is now the most pueductive island in Aria. There are about two Juh pan of their tre, who, as peuranta and mer- chente, have peaarsed themselves of the fairest por

tion of that land

TRADE IN ALT

Sak extensively smuggled, and vented with out payilt, the goverment duty, and many salt boato make gkong their rendezvous. The Chinese cuda awards in the case of smuggled salt, the whole of it to the informer, and of all other goods only three-tenths: The brown salt is sold in China für about panty seven shillings per ton to the whole- le dealer: the white snk is retailed at three and a half dollars per picul. The prime cest of this at- Hale in Chim, where fuel is so dear, can scarcely be under one dellar a picul; double this would be nester the mark, but at the former rate of one dul Er, the dollar and eighteen picals to the ton, which ja 2,000 puanda weight, such wale price (ol'a better article than the Chinese), would be about 47 a lon The Cheshire all manufacturers may deep it worth while to consider whether they could export salt to Chios at a profit, after paying the tax to the Chi nese governmeni.'

We learn with pleasure that

CHINA ABOUNDS IN COAL.

There is no country in the world in which this combustible is so common.

The missionaries and Resin travellers atata that it abounds in every pro- vince of this at empire, and along the banks of the Yanglackeang At Nankin may be seen amazing quamities of native coal, from which our steamers were suppled during the war."

We are a little alarmed, but not astonished, to find that the Chinese cherish some distrust of us on ac- count of our war against them:

PREPARATIONS POR WAR.

"Since the recent contest with England, the war department has shewn symptoms of great activity. In the year 1842 43, exertions were being made to erect forts, and repair others that were disamatted during the war. Military stores, cannon, muskets, doc. are largely purchased from the Americans and othere. According to the agreement entered into between the English and Chinese, none of the for- 1ified places within the river should be re-armed, nor any additional preparations made. At the time this engagement was entered into. Vishan, the great Larbarian querrelling general," in a memoria! to his majesty, siates, as soon as the ships of war dapart, Jenmediate steps shall be takan, beginning with the river in front of the city, all the way down to the Bocra Tigris; every important pass shall be block- ed up, forta erected, and guns mounted; and thus commerce, which to these foreigners is the very ar tery of life, can be immediately stopped." Old forts above Whampoa have been te armed, and many wow ones built, and guns placed in them; the pro

mige to the emperor has been literally fulfilled is to be regretted that the forts at Canton loro been

|

THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.

brokers. When money is deposited, a receipt fur 40 is given, in which the terms upon which it is" deposited are stated.

mes.

We regret that we cannot, on the whole, give much commendation to ar Marlin's labours. The work is somewhat loosely compiled, and will hard ly supply the want which is generally experienced «f a good Handbook of China, It is a pity that Mr Martin has not been more attentive to the ar rangement of his subjects, and that he has used common materials, easily accessible, with a woo liberal hand. It is to be regretod, too, he has not attended more closely to his mode of writing mʊ- Already there exists great confusion from different writers writing in a different manner the names of the saine cily or individual ; 'but Mr Mar. fin is an example of an individual writing the same name in different manners. At page 173 we have. * Soochoo, the large city, of which Shanghai is the port and we have, at page 11, "Suchaw in the second city of Hiongsoo, Shanghai is moroly is port" These defects Mr Maruin my remedy in bis future numbers. If he take more care in com- piling the other parts of bis work it may become both a useful and popular addition to the books of the tag. Economist, Dec. 19.

COLONIES-THEIR COMMERCIAL AND POLI-

TICAL VALUE.

Bride

Colonies

British North America £3,555,954

2,789,198 British West Indies Brush Australian colonies 1,201,076 Cape of Good Hope $48,749

9.45,059

CG,703,778 769,928 209,612 182 994

-£7,540,074

The retarus

Railway Travelling for the Million ---Fle due bars of the kinstern Counties and Nurtalk Rak waya bure just started a fourth class train, by which passengers are conveyed from Yarmouth t

return ticket, available from Monday or my other Norwich, and through in London for Ta 64, and a day to the following Sunday, for 10s, which is little more than one farthing per mile.

The North American Provinces,.-The Toronto (Canada) Patriot makes an aunouncement which in "Important if true," viz, that the home govern- ment have serious intentions of promoting a mi of the whole British provinces, Quebec to be the seat of government, and to be brought into com- munication with Halifax and the farthest west by menns of railroads. Under the present system it is represented se impossible to form a strong mi nistry, but the union, as is inferred, would give on overwhelming force of genuine British feeling,

Globe.

The Defences of Portsmouth --This part is to be placed in as effective a state of defence as possible. The whole of the fortifications are to be furnishad with the necessary guns (32 16.) as anos as the remaining portion of the earringes arrive from Woolwich. Charges of 10 lb. each, to the number of 700, hươm been made up, and are to be kept ready for immediate use in the magazine attached In the Queen's bastion, in addition to which more powder is there deposited than at any time during the war-Daily News.

Ladies Alonument to Shakspears.---A circular in abroad, signed by Mrs Cowden Clarke, to whom it will be remembered we are indebted for our * Concordance of Shakspeare, calling upon the women of England to unite in a ladies monument lo that poet, on the strength of the honour which bo has done to womanhood by his exquisite creations of the sex. Picturesque as this fancy seems-and visionary, perhaps, to those of the stormer sex who would enforce the Salle Law with regard to all fe.

tone for attempts to rule it is to

without its prototype in the funeral of the Min- nesinger Henry Frauenlob, who was borne to las tomb by ladies to whose beauty and honour his

and dependencies, amounts to half of our whole ex. We might add, but for the fear of sp. port irada. pearing to push our views to an extreme, that no inconsiderable portion of our manufactured exports to the continent of Europe is destined to be re-ex ported, either in the form in which it is received, or, further worked up (as in the case of our yaras), to the colonies of other European nations. We pass that itein over: satisfied with having showa that half of our whole exportations in 1845 were sent to communities formed within the last three hundred years by European colonization. The old-established copatries, coeval with or superior in antiquity to ourselves, do no more than keep pace with those infants of civilisation.

The deep sinke which England has in the pros perous adrance of general European colonisation is obvious from these reflections. In an economi- cat point of view we have derived direct and great advantages from the establishment and growth of English colonies; indirectly, and to a more limited extent, we have participated in the benefits confar red upon general trade and manufactures by the founding of all and any European colonies. It is obvious, however, from the returns, that to our own colonies and dopendencies we are indebted for the greatest expansion of our commerce. show this, and a very little reflection shows the cause. The unwise exclusive syster of trade, from Among the accounts relating to trade and navi. which nations are only begiming to depart, is gation (now issued monthly by the Statistical De-operative, but only to a limited degree: there is a Our own parment of the Board of Trade] published in No- deeper sented and unalterable causo. vember, there is an account of the declared value of colonies are in reality an extension of the home British and Irish produce and manufactures export market; the colonies of other notions are only as ed from the United Kingdom in 1845, specifying extention of the foreign market; the home market the countries to which they were exported. The is always relatively more active, more secure, more sum total is 60,111,0827 : the countries to which remunerative than the foreign. The tastes and goods to the declared value of a million and upwards habits of the British colonists are the same with

those of their fellow-countrymen in the old country were exported in 1843 are: →→

their modes of conducting business, their notions of obligations, are the same; the commodities of the old country suit ite colonial market, better than those of any other; trade is carried on between | them with a more frank confidence and perfect un- derstanding. The bond thus created to unite the colony to the mother-country has been found to The trade with Great survive political severance. Britain is still immeasurably the most important

A Steamer Packed in Boxes – We understand €7,804,430 part of the commerce of the United States, although

7,142,839

we parted in anger. The trade of Mauritius with

that Messrs Miller. Ravenhill and Co. have just 6,517,796

France, and of the Cape with Holland, is still con-

completed in

a novel manner, beautiful little 3,439,096

steamer for the Austrian government intended to 2,791,288 siderable, though these colonies have now been 2.601,011 British to all intents for nearly half a century,

be employed in the canals of Venice, and occa 2,493,306

But it is in political respects that the superiorsionally, in fine weather, on the Adriatic, conti- 2,39.1627

value of colonies founded by this country over co- 2,914,278 3,153,491 lonies founded by other European nations is most 1,479,058 unequivocal The capital and industry of two it. 1,249,015 dependent states, or of one independent state, sud 1,017/815

the colony of another, may, by commercial exclien In this table the dependencies appear to propon ges, produce the same amount of wealth and ame dente slightly over the coloutes; it must be recol. nities to the parties engaged in them as if they were lected, however, that were Ceylon transferred-as both citizens or subjects of the same state. But, it ought to be from the former to the latter class,

in the case supposed, the wealth is shared between In the onse of a their relative proportions would be invorted. A two independent governments. portion, too, of what is entered under the head Chitrade, squally profitable, between a mother country na ought to be ascribed to the colonies, as belong and her colony, the whole of the wealth created, ing properly to Flongkong. Western Africa, and, what is of still more importance, the whole of which counts for half ä?illion, aught properly to the energies and mental resources developed, re be classed either amung the colonies or depan the reserve, fund upon which one governmont can dencies. With respect to the foreign trade, Bras rely in case of a rapture with another. In the last. sit, our exports to witics exceeded half a millions great European war, during part of which England. in 1885, ought to have been added to Germany, of niny be said to have stood single-handed against which it is the most important constituent. These the other civilised powers of Europe, it was not facts might modify, in some degree, the conclusions upon the resources of this little island alone that wo draw from the table; but, as they all tend to we depended. Our men did much, but our capital strengthen these conclusions, we can afford, with did more and that capital, whether locally situated this notice, to dismiss them from our minds,

here or in the colonies and dependencies, or flouting on the ara belonged only in part to the inhabitants of the mother-country. India and the colonies contributed largely to carry us though the arduous

ed the political union between this country and the colonies which now constitute the United States, their expital and resources would been part of our available fund for carrying on the war: as it was, we sometimes found them brought to bear against us fastead of in our defence.-Calonial Gazette, Decembr 12.

Mauritius

india and Ceylon Gibralor

Deponian Islands

Malta.

St. Helens and Ascension

British

dences:

United States.

Gerany

Holland

France

Italy and an Islands Brud China

Turkey

Resin

Belgium

Foreign West ladies CHIS

29,117

The first consideration, then, to which we would invite attention is, that of the whole sixty miltigns I(in value) of exports in 1845, more than a third were taken off by countries which are either de-

songs

had been devoted. All ohivalrous persona

will, on the other hand, wish the project fair fulfil-

ment, Athecum.

guous to that comautic city. She li of iron, 78 feet long, 12 feet berm, has a rudder at each end, and her turnul arrangements were made with an eye to the accommodation of persons of distinction, The vessel was put up lu frame, in the usual way; the plates were all prepared and adjusted; the cabins wero completed, co., and then the whole was taken to pieces, pucked in boxes and put on board a ship bound for Venice, but now in the East India Docks.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE,

MANILA. (From the New Weekly General Price Current, February 27.) € 4

A contract for 5,000 tons has been made with tha Government, deliverable in one year for the threo steamers expected from Europe, and some lets of good English coals have been sold at 12a 14 per

on,

REMARKS ON THE MARKET.

IMPORTS

Chiton Goods. — Ordinary to middling qualities of white and grey Shirtings are in demand, but the

by the holders. The stock however is small and prices will likely improve soon.

rebuit; once opened, the river to Canton and Ma-pendencies of the British empire, or colonies still struggle. Had a wise and liberal policy perpetual- shopkeepers are unwilling to pay the advance asked

cao Pusage, should have remained so. Now the fortifications of the Bocca Tigris are as altung as those of the Dardanelles; and manned by European troopa and artillery, with the heights in the rear of each fort, weil defended by towers, the passage of the Canton river would be impracticable. Through. out Chios preparations are making for another war, and some of tho mandaries boast that they are Dow better prepared for hostilities.""

We close our extracts with a description of

BANKING..

maintaining their political connexion with it, or co- Junies which have severed that connexion. The colonies still forming part of the empire took seven millions and a half; the colonies which have or. ganised an independent government took upwards of seven millions, and the dependencies took nearly eight millions. Look at the matter from a slightly. altered point of view :-The colonies, united and severed, took upwards of fourteen millions and a half the dependencies close upon eight millions.

Of this latter sum little less than seven millions was:

The trade in money, in China, is carried on by taken by the East India Company's territories and

•bankers, assayers of the mint, and money changers, Ceylon, which approach most closely to the cha- whose establishments are comprised under the ge racter of colonies. Ceylon, Singapore, and Penang neral term of " money shope:" their occupation is ere really-Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta, and the similar to that of like establishments in Europe, indigo districts of Bengal are virtually-colonies, The congry shops in China are generally private The East India trade has become what it is since establishments, composed of one or more indivi- the trade of the three presidencies came to be ma- duals, with equal or unequal shares in the business.naged according to English forms, and in a great Sometimes only ooc name is used, although there measure by English merchants tranding on Eng are several partners in the firm. They receive mo. lish capital. The immediate further development ey in deposit at one rate of interest, and lent out at of the resources of that region is looked for from the another; they advance money on good security, and introduction of railways, sugar factories, cotton deal in gold, Silver, and natire and foreign coin. forms, &c., established by English capital, and cod They discount either their own bills, or those of ducted by Englishsen-in short, by an extension of their connexions in business, with whom they are

that colonisation which the Anglo-Indian Gorera oo a footing of reciprocity. In Canton thep do not

ment has so long and so stubbornly resisted. One ismar notes payable on demand; but in other large third of our expos trade, therefore, is owing to the cities in the north, such actes are in circulation, colunising and guest-colonising efforts of England. often with a real many endorsements on them

The arennous prosecution of these enterprise dates. Whey, bowever, only circulate in the places where

from little more than two centuries back, yet with they are issued, or in their immediate vicinity. The in that time they have created markets which pro notes tuned by the bankers rise and fall in value

vide a vent for the disposal of our surplus produce according to the demand for them. On nur ocen more steady, and relatively carrying off mach pation of Lingpa, they come in value as the people larger quantities, Iban rich and populous nations waled to carry of their property, and our troops with which we have traded for triple the number

0f paper.

of centuries. in large beaks is unlimited;

The influence, of modern colonization in ereal- nou markets for the products of our British indust do got stop here. Brazil, for the smount of Eng Eish goods it lakes but stands betw China the foreign West Indies and i

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Increase of the Army, -On dữ, and very confl dently too, in certain Military circles, that there is to be a very considerable increase in the Army Estimates-fifteen Regiments, it is said, or 12,000 nien.If such an intention is entertained, wo should rather think that it would be in the form of But this maflors little. The Second Battalions. expense would be nearly the same. We give the report as it has reached us, without offering any opinion as to its credibility. We can only any, we think considerable addition should be made to the Standing Army The Froeps at the Cape must be doubled, if not trebled, The Indian Army must be relieved-and, indeed, reliefs in the Co- lonies generally are called for by the voice of sound policy, as well as of humanity. Of a War. thank God! there is no obance, except in Jitdin; but we should be prepare

prepared, by drafting Regiments from the Cape and Australia to the Presidencies, and supplying their places with Troops from Europe.-Dublin Post

•

¡

Fine qualities are totally neglected. Suitable ca loured goods in fair request.

Jasconels are improving, and Cambrics middling to good saleable, ordinary in no demand.

Earthenware. The stocks very large and unse. leable without a great sacrifico.

EXPORTS, M.

Sugar - We have seldom known the market in such an indictive stale as at present. We do not hear of a single contract or purchase of current quality, without any immediate prospect of demand, and the prices asked ligh.

Hemp continues sclting at 833 p. pl. unscrewed. Caffee-Some parcela purchased a $94 p. pl. Rire neglected.

Segars. The following were sold at the auction of the 22d inst.

·9,6

4.a

JJ 11

[1 "

# 23

500 mils at 8 8-5-0. -- 1000 250 250

8-5-6,

750 mik at 97-4-0. 1260

21 |

.8 0.0

21649

7-3-6, 7-5-U.

6-6-0.

22164

2000

Sapanwood, Abundant,

EXCHANGE ON ENGLAND, Very little or nono offering at our quotations, und about £3,000 sold at 6 months 4-4),-Scarce. On Cuixa very scarce at pur

FACHTS We have been informed that tæn or three cargoes of last yeare sugars lay waiting for tonnage for Europe.

Augmentation of the Royal Regiment of Artillery In consequence of the number of companies re quired to relieve those of foreign stations whose period of service has expired, it is dotermined to add two additional companies to each battalion, whiols will augment the number of officers, vizp 20 Top run Gret captains, 20 second captains, 20 first leats, and 20 second Heatenants; the latter receiving commissions from the loyal Military Academy in the Royal Arsenal, where they are now studying,

order to pass their examination before a board of officers, to receive their promotion. This jingor. tant augmentation will take place so the forthcom-

Schon bein's

correspondent of

EXCHANGE, Onysin mouths par. For busin

– Londos Tierney and Bank Bills 29 days is ed. Lani Salen.

Bizco Frirale detto 6 mouthi in Bar Lakt Bules. -Chins, 30 days at par and few allows, takes Ne

Bingapore 30 daya pari

CURRENT FREIGHTS.

ton

do.

h

the

cotton exhibits when

trase to our own cooples

ma process occation no surprise,

1 Betra

ST. PATEN, ndon 24th Novanberra Ehlum per a epita.

fist Norrinhor. Overland,

Züblished by John Cars,

China and Hongkong Ofice, Gouen STREET TORIA, HONGKONG, 1847, w