826
FOR SALE.
1838-January. A native Chinese condemned to death för.
stringgling opium
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.-
United States, through their minister, have conclud Y the undersigued a quantity of Cashmere Deed a treaty, which, although the terms have not By the undersigned a quare in for Chrome, o p transpired in detail, is said to be of a favorable nature. As this ovent commences a new cra in the commercial world, second in importance only to the discovery of this continent, we will present a brief
perior article, for summer wear.
P. TOWNSEND,
JUST RECEIVED.-And how opened for sale a few Solar Lamps, Hanging, Side and Table Also a few Bedroom bathing Chairs, a luxurious article.
Victoria, 20th May, 1845,
A
P. TOWNSEND.
JUST RECEIVED,
ND now open and for sale by the undersigned, A quantity of goods of superior quality as follows;
Superior Hams. Ditto Starch. Do. Smoked Beef a superior article Vinegar, a quantity of Herbs, Cheese, Choice Beef tongues, in convenient
Bologna Saus packages. Champaigne Cider. ages. American Chairs.
ALSO
A quantity of Superior American Butter being the best ever brought to the colony. A quantity of French Prunes, in excellent order, in glass jars and
P. TOWNSEND. Olives Oil
FOR SALE.
BY the undersigned, Mackerel in half bbls., South
American Olives in Kegs.
P. TOWNSEND,
of
JUST RECEIVED and ou sale a quality
North American Oats, a superior article for
P. TOWNSEND. feeding cattle,
FOR SALE.
PY the undersigned a large assortment of books, B consisting a standard sworn all do novels
+
33
July 12. Admiral Maitland arrived at Macao In a
mun-of-war, to protect, British subjecta December 13. The execution of the Chinese smug.
glar resisted by the English, December 18. Captain Elliot orders all British opium
vessels to leave the river in three days,
February 26. & Chinese opium smuggler exoented. March 18. Commissioner Lin issued an edict com
manding nii oplum ships to be given up. March 19. Foreign residente forbidden to leave
ton.
or Duological statement of fates forme residence 1839-January. Foreign trade re-opened. of Europeans in China was never formally recog nized by the imperial government. Their stay was tolerated merely during good behavior, and for a few months during the most active season. At other times, they resorted to Macao. These no- minal regulations were subject to suspens on by All orders and edict, whenever disputes arose. communications of the government were transmitt ed to foreigners through the Hong. These dispu tes and outbreaks were gradually becoming more frequent, down to 1831; when a great deal of acrimony was apparent on both sides. At this juncture, the imperial government became alarmed at the continual increase of the quantity of opium imported, the consequent increasing demoralization of the people, and the swelling drain of sycee silver in payment. The trade, as appears from official statements, had been 5.000 chests per annum in 1820, 10.000 chests in 1830, and 35,000 chests in 1839; and its efforts to suppress the trade caused great ill feeling, and an evident determination, on
March 24 Captain Elliott reached Canton. March 25. English merchants gave a solemn pledge
not to deal in opium. Captain Elliott demanded. passports for the English, which were refused until the opin was enrrendered. March 27. Captain Elliott required that all the opium
should be delivered to him for the service of Her
yields of the English, to enforce the trade. It
a profit to the East India Company of £2,500.000, or about $12.500,000 per annum. On one of these occasions, it was asserted that the
lieutenant-governor of Canton had turned his back upon a picture of the British king, a Chinese mode of showing contempt. This seems to have com menced a series of events, the principal of which occurred as follows:--
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS IN GRINA,
of the day, also, sheet Music and books of Tui-1831-August 27. Lord William Bentnick wrote tion, Comprador check books, Quills and Office
P. TOWNSEND. paper.
Victoria, 1st May, 1845.
HUBB'S NEW PATENT DETECTOR CLOCKS live perfect security from false Keys and Picklocks, and also give inunediate notice of any attempt to open them, They are made of every size, and for all purpose to which Locks are appli ed, and are strong, secure, simple, and durable.
CHUBB's Patent Fire-proof Strong Rowns, Safes, Dollars Chests, and Boxes, form a complete secu- rity for Money, Deeds, Plato, Books, &c., from Fire and Thieves. These articles are used by, and may be seen at the Banks of Bombay, Madras, and Ceylon.
Cash Boxes, Palanquin, and Despatch Boxes, strong Japan Bullock Trunks, and Japan Boxes of all dimensions on sale, or made to order, all fitted with the Detector Lacks.
CAUTION.All of the above Locks, Safes, and Boxes have the address stamped or marked in full, thus: "57, St. Paul's Church-yard, 'London.-- Without this none are genuine.
C. CHUBB'S & SON, Makers to the Queen and Prince Albert, 57, St. Paul's Church-yard, London
LINGUISTS REPORTS and NAVY BILLS for sale
at this Office.
Office Friend of China, 26th Dec., 1844.
OR SALE,-At the office of this paper.
Compradores cheque books.
FOR
Ships Articles, with an abstract of the merchant seaman's act endorsed on the back.
Charterparties, after forms by Chitty.
Powers of Attorney, after forms by Chitty. Bills of Lading..
Chinese Tariff of imports, and exports, for ounting houses.
(From the Hunt's Merchants' Magazine) BRITISH COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.
From an official statement, recently made, of the exports and imports of Great Britain to the different parts of the world, for the year 1843, some important facts may be gathered, to which we would direct at tention. In the trade between Britain and her colo nies in the western world, about 60,000 seamen are yearly employed. The amount of wages, and cost of provisions for these; cannot be less than 3,600,0001. per annum; and the repairs, insurance, and replacing In the trade of capital in the ships, 4,500,000l. inore. between Britain and India, and China, 10,000 scamen Their wages, provi are employed at a similar rate. sions, &c., will amount to 300,000)., and the replace ment of capital, and insurance. to 840.0001; in all. 1,340,000. The whole, or very ueurly the whole, of the supplies necessary to maintain these seamen and tonnage, are productions of British soil and labor; and this. in a national point of view, shows the superiority of such a trade to a merely manufacturing commerce. A comparison of the trade of the eastern with that of the western world, taking the value of imports, and exports, stands nearly thus From and to British North America and the West Indian colonies, 14 000,- 000l. and from and to China and the East Indies. about 16,000,000l. It thus appears that the former commerce requires nearly five times more ships, ton- noge, and seamen, to carry it on, than the latter; thereby affording an incalculable advantage to a nava power, and the support of a naval force, and also toʻ the employment of British agricultural labor and ca- pital. It appears that the weight of cotton year and goods exported from England annually, is- 120,000 tons; and the value in round numbers being 23,500. oouz, it follows that one-half the tonnage employed in carrying the West Indian exports, (viz : 2,882,4114) would be sufficient to carry the whole cotton export trade of the country; and, as regards the North Ame rcian trade, one-seventh of the tonnage would be suf- ficient. While the trade with the West Indus and British North America, (in exports and imports about 14,000,000 yearly,) employs 2,900 ships, 970,000 tons, that with the United States, (in exports and im ports 23,000,0001) gives employment to $30 ships. 233,000, tons The imports from China are valuel at abort 5,000,0001. brought in 84 sihps, about 39,7€2
tons,
The opening of the trade of China, leading, as it has, to a commercial treaty, of a very favorable character, with that hitherto sealed empire, is an event of the utmost importance, and will have a great influence upon the prospesity of all commer- cial nations. They are, therefore, all eagerly competing for the trade. Russia has always enjoy. ed a large overland trade with the northern part of the empire, England has enlarged her business; France has sent a diplomatic and commercial dele gation, with the same object in view; and the
to the governor of Canton, complaining of the conduct of the authorities, and requesting an investigation into the alleg ed insult to the king's picture. 1832-January 7. Governor of Canton issued an
edict, denying the insult to the picture. and refusing any direct reply to Lord Bentnick.
February 9. Edict threatening to stop the foreign trade, if the introduction of opium was persisted in
1834-April 22. The East India Company ceased. April 25. First free ship, with tea, sailed
:1
:
for England.
July 15. Lord Napier, as superintendent of British commerce in China, arrived at Macno.
July 17. J. F. Davis Esq., and Sir L. P. Robinson, appointed second and third superintendents.
July 20. Lord Napier, at Canton, address- ed a letter to the governor, requesting This letter was rejected, an interview,
not being in the prescribed from of a petition.
August 18. Edict orders Lord Napier to retire to Macao, under penalty of stopping the trade.
September 2. Trade stopped. All inter-
course with the British prohibited. September 5. Two British ships enter Can-
ton river.
September 19. A conference between the
Hong and some English, decide that Lord Napier should leave Canton, and the trade be resumed.
October 11. Loid Napier died of chagrin at Macao. Succeeded by Mr. Davis, and Captain Elliott as secretary.
November 7. Imperial mandate interdicts
the opium trade.
1836-January 25. Crew of the Argyle seized on the Chinese coast, and detained. February 4. Captain Elliott, as superinten- dent, went to Cauton to demand libera- tion of the Argyle's crew, and was ordered away.
*
February 18. Crew liberated.
February 23. Some chests of opium seized.
and publicly burnt at Canton. British trade cominues through the rest of the year.
1836-June 20. I. P. Robinson recalled to Eng land, and Elliott made chief of the com mission."
*
November 23. Chamber of commerce esta-
blished at Canton.
December 14. Captain Elliott supplicated the governor of Canton to be allowed to reside in that city. • December 22. The governor of Canton seit à deputation to Macao to inquire into the truth of Elliott's statements, directing that the be not allowed to leave Macao. December 28. The Hong merchants ac. company the deputations, and Elliott returned a note to the governor expres ing his satisfaction, and willingness to remain at Macao until further orders. 1837-March. Imperial edict allowing Elliott to
go to Canton,
3+
29
April 1. Captain Elliott, being in Canton, complains to his own gevernment that
Chinese authorities do not communicate with him directly.
17
1
M
"
37
Majesty's government,
April 10. Lis went to Bacca Tigris to witness the
delivery of the opium.
April 20. Half the opium delivered. May 4. Re-opening of trade.
May 8. Americans and Dutch permitted to leave Canton Future dealings in opium to be punished
with death.
May 21. Balance of opian delivered--20,243 chest
in all.
May 24. Nearly all foreign merchants had left Ganton. June. Twenty days employed destroying opium. September 11. Norico given that Canton' river would
be blockaded
There is but little doubt that the United States are destined ultimately to command all the trade in the Indian and China sess. The supply of cotton in the United States, including Texas, is far beyond what the waits of Europe require. The wonts of China are, however, such as will absorb almost a limitless quantity. The cotton goods manufactured in the United States already supersede those of all other countries in those markets, and American lead bas entirely Can-supplanted the English. The English governs ment hope, by commanding the exclusive route to China over Egypt, by way of the Nile and the Isthmus of Suez, to effect which, a negotiation is now pending between that power and the Pacha,) to obtain newg several weeks earlier than it can be had in the United States; an advantage which will give her merchants control of the markets. Their diplomacy may succeed temporarily in thig, but the march of events will ultimately give the Unit- ed States the mastrey. Her population is pushing, with a vigorous, rapid, and unceasing march, along a line 1.200 miles in extent, westward, towards. the shores of the Pacific. The occupation of the vast territory known as the Oregon, is already go- ing forward, and twenty years will not have elaps- ed, before a powerful state will have sprung up on the shores of the Pacific. This great tract of the. Oregon is drained by the Columbia river and the San Francisco, which debouch upon the ocean at a point six days, by steam, distant from the Sand- wich island-a group the independence of which is guaranteed; whose population is 100,000, mostly American; the surface, 8.000 square miles; of a soil the most fruitful, and a climate unsurpassed in salubrity. These islands are situated in the middle of the Pacific, on the great highway from Oregon to China. The great whale fishery of these regi- ons is conducted mostly by Americans, numbering 200 vessels, whose annual product is about 95.000.000. This fleet, in the summer months, cruises-between the islands and the coast of Japan, for sperm whale, and carry on a large trade in furs, &c., which are now sold in China, and the proceeds, in tea, sent home to the United States. The whole of this wast trade, and that of China, via the Sandwich islands, will be commanded by the State of Oregon. Those persons are now living who will see a railroad connecting New York with the Pacific, and a steam communica- For the lust threo tion from Uregon to China, centuries, the civilized world has been rolling westward; und Americans of the present age will complete the circlu, and open a western steam route with the east.
September 16. Notice withdrawn. November 3. Attack of the junks upon the British
frigates. Baaten off with loss. November 36. Edict oicing cessation of the British 1840-February 2. Lin eends a letter to the Queen of Eng
"
. FJ
trade.
land, remonstrating against the opium trade. February 6 L made governor of the provinces
Kwong-Jung and Kwang-si
June 9. Attempt to burns the British fleet by fire-rafts. June 22. British forces arrive--15 men-of-war, 4
Steamers, and 4.000 soldiers
July 5. The city of Ting-hai surrendered, with gigans July 10. Rewards offered for the capture or death of
Englishmen.
August 11. Captain Elliott, on boord a steamer, on-
tered a river near Pekin.
August 30, Conference between Captain Elliou and
the Chinese minister Keshen. September 27. Lin degraded from office. November . Truce announced by Elliott. 1841-January 6. Truce violated by the English. Edict in
2
Ja
**
11
1
consequence, that all English shulud be destroyed, whorever met with.
Jannery 7 Chuen-pe and Tac-eok-tow captured, with
170 guns, and truce granted by Elliott, January 20. Treaty announced. Hongkong ceded to England, $6,000,000 cash to be paid, trade to be opene in ten days, and official communications to be direct, on equal terms.
Janonry 26, Pussession taken of Hongkong. February 11. Imperial edict rejects treaty.
February 23. Hostilities resunied.
February 24.husan evacuated
February 25. Rewards affeled for Englishmen.
March 2. Sir Hugh Gough takes command of the
troops.
March 12. Keshion degindod, and made prisoner,
March 18. The foreign factories at Canton taken
possession of by the British.
April 16. New commissioners from Pekin arrived in
Canton.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENOE,
MANILA.
Colton Goods:--The demand for Coloured Goods in particular continues very dull, and for White We have no Shirtings the enquiries, are lianted. ar ival of piece goods to report.
Metals are neglected and have not heard of a
-May 27. Authorities agree to pay $6.000.000 for the
ranaum of Canton, Consequent cessation of hosti.sale for some time. lities.
May 31. $3.000.000 paid. British withdrawn from
Canti
Augnet. Captain Elliott surperseded by Sir Hcury
Pottinger.
August 27. Amoy taken by the British.
October 10. ho-hoe maken.
October 13 Ningao captured.
December 29. Yiyaou, Free-kne, and Foong-hae
carried.
1842-July 1s. The great canal cut off from the river, and
British adamant anchor near the Golden Isle."
11
17
Jay 21 Chia-keang taken. Tartar general commits
suicide.
Agast 9. Fleet reaches Nankin.
Augns 12. Keying arrives at Naukio, with foll
powers to treat.
August 22. Treaty of peace signed, providing, as follows:-ist. Íasting punce. End China to pay $21.000 000 3rd. Canton, Amoy, Foo-choo-foo, Ning-po, and Shang-bai, to be open to commerce, 4th Hongkong ended in perpetuity to England. 5ib. All British subsects in confinement to be released; he British to retire on the payment of the first $0.000.000.
September S. Enteror gives his ostent
Dereiber 31. Great Seal of England affixed to trenty. 1943-Jy 2a. Prodanation by Sir R. Pollinger, that a
cojameend treaty And fr en concluded,
Hured Sintra agys int Cafsi Cushing Es, minister
to China. 161-March. Su W. Parker, comunander at Hongkong,
arrivent at Calcutta, with an nifer of £150.00 per onnut tales a, from the Clause verament, condition that the caltivation of opinam sucuki bo renounced in the British possessions
This was rejected, herause the profits are £2.500.000 ̄now. July Commercial treaty between the United States
and China concluded.
December 9. Chinese treaty road in the United States
Sunate.
We have thus thrown in chronological order the leading events which have led to one of the great- est commercial revolutions that ever took place. The effects of the discovery of this continent are now, after the lapse of three centuries, just begin ing to develope themselves. It has required that length of time for the country to become settled, and to grow into an importance sufficient to-make its influence feh upon the welfare of the old world. The opening of China to trade, is like the discovery of a new contingent, ready peopled with a rich, inllustrious people, numbering 200.000.000, with wants in unison, with the customs of the nations of
Woollens.--Quotations are also nominal, there
We have heard of the. being actually no demand. following. Sales.-2000 pers, white shirtings $3-5-6 p. pro.
800 do. d. do conUSE 11 3-1-6 do. 605 do. Blue Ginghants & checks i rl. 6
16 ths. p. y.
400 doz. checked purple &-Light Blac
Ifdkfs 15 re, dez..
400 pces. American Domestics, 83 p.
ps. 37 in. 40 yds.
EXPORTS.
Sugar. We bave to report the following por chases during the week, which show the state of the market
6000 pls. White clayed at $ 46. 6000 Current do. - •. 3 deliverable.in.the
inonth of July.
13
4000 2000 Uoilo at S 2-06.
Current clayed •»»' really for delivery.
ยา
2000 Cebu at 8 2-3-6.
Hemp contiunes without alteration at $ 38 p. pl. unscrewed
Rice, in demand from $1-72.a $ 1-75 for eargo quality and $1-30 a $ 1.83 for Pangasinan and
logos, on-board-
Sapanwood very abundant.
Segars-No delivery expected during the pre- sent month, and few during the next, all hands be ing engaged in the manufactory for the consump. tion of the country.
Exchange on England. -£ 1200.30 ds. Bank Bills sold at 42% 4000 6 ms. Bills at 4-34. Tonnage for England & China, wanted.
EXCHANGE.
On Spain 3 months 2 per cent premium offered. London Treasury & Bank bills 30 da 4-21
Just sales.
+
Ditto private ditto 6 ms. 4-84 last sales. China, 30 ds par few buyers.
„Singapore 30 ds. 2 a 3 per cent discount.
CURRENT FREIGHTS.
* 10
Continent
13
4 19
11
59
Cofibe
4 0
18
JI
29.
Hemp Hides
ni 4
„U cubic fee
„, ton of 20 cwtsy
Cassia
0 .0 Coco uut ofl 9
fj Sapanwood ...0
"
19
ཝཱ
box of pel. 30 feet.
Europe; and to supply which, is looked upon as For London, Sugar £ 1 per ton of 20 cwtà, nominal. a source of great future prosperity, and most nations are eager for the trade. The difficulty that presents itself is the want of some medium of returna, apart from tea and silks, of which the quantity roay, in some degree, be increased. There has, ag yet, presented itself no-important article of export from that country. Time may, indeed, develope some new modium of exchange-among others, kuick. silver, and allow from that extraordinary tree, which, it is sail, is to be found in abundance in | China the forests of thin. Something of the kind must Paddy' present itself, before any very large trade cun be carried on; because what she now exporta, is more than counterbalanced by the imports clepiura. The rants of the population of China are undoubi-
,, ton of 20 cwts. Singapore per 1000 segars 14 to ¿ rs. -- Freul
of weight 14 to 3 m
20 a 25 cunts of a dollns p. pl. on Kies and
Aprit S. Captain Elliott wrote to the go
veroor that some English seamen had saved seventeen Chinese from drowing. April 19. The governor instructed the Hong merchants to direct Elkott to be more respectfully in his language, and to submit his communications to the Hong that they might judge of, their contents April 22. Elliott addressed the governor, refusing to communicate any longer through the Hong. Aprd 25. The governor consents to receive
sealed despatches direct, but not to send Ledir large; and, inhabiting a varied elimate, they Aprit, via Chins ; Batavia, 14th March, per Most.
direct. Elliot ascents,
must want those articles of cinching which are now made in such profusion in Europe. The compa rative trade of the four leading nations in the India Chinese seas, is seen as follows:-
Durch Ancies. Finnch
September, Edicts directing Elliott to sted
asy all opium stipat November. Despatches received from the
British government, forbidding Elliott to send his communications in the form of petitions; which led to the suspension of 1839, 1271 29546 350 200,000 477 163,518 312 SAMS 186 14 576,667 347 201,553 472 113,604-282 73,193 trade. Opin smuggling rapidly in lan, 9112,566 30.17,610 539 163,446.33 165,1 ereased,
$89, 1371 69,495 334 273,060 543 161662 037 68 373
요
LATEST DATZA
Loodoo, 7th January, via Chinn ; Singapore, 4th
gomery, Chion, 9th May, per bark; United States, 14th D, via China; Rydney 21st January,per Morey Shisi.
(New Weekly General Price Current May 24.3 Edited, Fridded and Published by Joun Caan, At The Friend of China and Hongkong Gazette, Printing Ofice, Gurza'a Road, VICTORIA Hosonono 184
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