Water Pollution Control and Fresh Water Utilisation. Prevention and control of water pollution, in particular of transboundary rivers and international lakes; techniques for the improvement of the quality of water and further development of ways and means for industrial and municipal sewage effluent purification; methods of assessment of fresh water resources and the improve- ment of their utilisation, in particular by developing methods of production which are less polluting and lead to less consumption of fresh water;
Protection of the Marine Environment. Protection of the marine environment of participating States, and especially the Mediterranean Sea, from pollutants emanating from land-based sources and those from ships and other vessels, notably the harmful substances listed in Annexes I and II to the London Con- vention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by the Dumping of Wastes and Other Matters; problems of maintaining marine ecological balances and food chains, in particular such problems as may arise from the exploration and exploit- ation of biological and mineral resources of the seas and the sea-bed;
Land Utilisation and Soils. Problems associated with more effective use of lands, including land amelioration, reclamation and recultivation; control of soil pollution, water and air erosion, as well as other forms of soil degradation; maintaining and increasing the productivity of soils with due regard for the possible negative effects of the application of chemical fertilisers and pesticides; Nature Conservation and Nature Reserves. Protection of nature and nature reserves; conservation and maintenance of existing genetic resources, especially rare animal and plant species; conservation of natural ecological systems; establishment of nature reserves and other protected landscapes and areas, including their use for research, tourism, recreation and other purposes;
Improvement of Environmental Conditions in Areas of Human Settlement. Environmental conditions associated with transport, housing, working areas, urban development and planning, water supply and sewage disposal systems; assessment of harmful effects of noise, and noise control methods; collection, treatment and utilisation of wastes, including the recovery and recycling of materials; research on substitutes for non-biodegradable substances;
Fundamental Research, Monitoring, Forecasting and Assessment of Environ- mental Changes. Study of changes in climate, landscapes and ecological balances under the impact of both natural factors and human activities; forecasting of possible genetic changes in flora and fauna as a result of environmental pollution; harmonisation of statistical data, development of scientific concepts and systems of monitoring networks, standardised method of observation, measurement and assessment of changes in the biosphere; assessment of the effects of environ- mental pollution levels and degradation of the environment upon human health; study and development of criteria and standards for various environmental pollutants and regulation regarding production and use of various products;
Legal and Administrative Measures. Legal and administrative measures for the protection of the environment including procedures for establishing en- vironmental impact assessments.
Forms and methods of co-operation
The participating States declare that problems relating to the protection and improvement of the environment will be solved on both a bilateral and a multi-
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