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expatriates could then retire at any time, after giving six months notice, but the Government itself was obliged to retain the officer for the whole period of guaranteed service. Expatriates were
supposed in theory to have the same promotion prospects as Malayans, but it appears that Malayans often leap-frogged their expatriate superiors. The guarantee of equal treatment was incorporated in the Public Officers Agreement, 1959 (attached).
5. Loss of career compensation was paid to all entitled officers. The Table of Factors for computing loss of career compensation was attached to the 10th Schedule of the Malayan Agreement 1945. Entitled officers also retained pension benefits identical to those enjoyed by pre-independence officers, excent that Malayanised officers were entitled to such benefits regardless of the length of time served in Malaya, whereas officers retiring before independence had been required to complete 10 years of pensionable service before becoming eligible for such benefits.
6.
According to Tilman ("Bureaucratic Transition in Malaya") about 80% of the expatriates had retired by 1962. In the Malayan Civil Service, in which in 1957 678 of posts were held by expatriates, there were less than ten expatriates on 1 January 1963. The total cost of Malayanisation was borne by the Federal Government.
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