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subsidiary organs, intergovernmental and non-governmental

bodies assisting displaced populations which are victims of

man-made or natural disasters have little or no contact with

those bodies whose responsibility it is to address the causes. In this, as in other domains, effective co-ordination remains a chronic problem despite the existence of studies and committees dealing with streamlining and restructuring.

128. As the overview of exodus situations of the past decade demonstrates,

large-scale humanitarian emergencies have consistently been met by ad hoc

measures and the designation of "focal points" or "lead

agencies", as well as the appointment of a co-ordinator or special representative of the Secretary-General whose responsi- bility did not

not specifically extend to a liaison function, in

the case of mass exodus, between the "refugee-producing"

country ("cause") and the "refugee-receiving" countries and/or

corresponding humanitarian operations ("effect").

129. The international community is increasingly concerned with

causes behind mass exodus and measures to avert new flows of

refugees. The General Assembly, at its last session, dealt

inter alia with this question in Resolution 36/148. This

resolution calls for the Group of Experts to take into account the Study submitted by the Special Rapporteur. It is hoped

that the

the two undertakings will be complementary, bearing in

mind the distinct history and terms of reference of each

initiative. In a wider context, attention should be drawn

also to the General Assembly Resolution 36/136 on the proposal

for the promotion of a New International Humanitarian Order.