No_8_August_1969 — Page 33

Computational work in traffic an- alysis is usually directed towards the estimation of traffic volumes that will occur on individual roads and streets and public transport routes that to gether form a complete network or system. This information may be need. ed for the engineering design of in- dividual links and interchanges or for the planning and location of a series of links that form part of the system. The greatest amount of traffic service can then be provided while avoiding overloading of particular sections or other difficulties of construction or land acquisition that may apply at particular locations.

At broader scale of general plan- ning, traffic estimates may be used simply to define the general size of corridors of movement in which trans- port facilities will be required for al- ternative proposals for development of the urban structure, including popula- tion and employment distribution, in- dustry, and the overall pattern of land

use.

In the case of the Hong Kong Mass Transport Study, a split between road trips and trips by public transport was made in the calculations on the basis of household characteristics, car owner- ship trip purpose and geographical ac- cessibility. A subsequent refinement to determine the split between under-

TIME NOW 30/04/69

ground and bus travel was made at the trip assignment stage on the basis of comparing journey times. This split is determined on the basis of competing journey times between travel by road and public transport.

In this way, and by the computer analysis and projection of other in- formation gathered in various planning and travel surveys, the consultants were able to establish the long-term travelling needs of the public and to put forward the essentials of a com- plete mass transport system for Hong Kong.

Expenditure control

A recent innovation within the Public Works Department is the use of the ICL 1902 computer for expen- diture control. At the present stage this is being carried out on a trial basis.

of the project to contain expenditure. Warning of deviations from the expen- diture plan may also help to minimise losses by bringing to light irregularities and inefficiency. In the case of pre- dicted savings, it may be possible to re- allocate funds with advantage and avoid capital being kept idle.

Each step of expenditure control involves data that has to be collected and processed manually, and some data that can be processed with ad- vantage by computer. In particular, the apportionment of estimated costs to time periods and the summation of these costs for many items is laborious if performed manually. If these steps, together with similar steps required to determine actual and revised expendi- ture, are undertaken by computer, the effort and cost of expenditure control can be cut very considerably.

Using manual computation, a de- tailed method of expenditure control was applied to a selection of Civil En-

During the implementation of a project, many circumstances, and at least some critical factors, change. This is particularly so in the case of civil engineering Office contracts to bring to gineering projects, which are vulnerable to the elements and are often affected by adverse ground conditions.

It is imperative that early warning is obtained of the impact of these changes on the expenditure plan. In the case of anticipated over-expendi- ture, it may be possible to modify the design or to curtail less important parts

light any difficulties and to perfect the most suitable procedure. Subsequently a special computer program was written for this procedure. This program, which is for use on the ICL 1902 computer, provides a print-out of Forecast, Actual and Revised Expenditure in both tabu- lar and graphical form for each con- tract covering the whole contract

PWD

EXPENDITURE CONTROL

PROJECT A5 ROAD CONSTRUCTION BEHIND AIL 283 ETC

22/05/69

326169

210000

PAGE

1

RUN 1

APP

DATE 22/04/69

COST

ACT/ADJ 0 COST

30000

60000

90000

120000

150000

180000

240000

0

X

I

1

I

I

I

T

}

I

I

DATE

29/04/69

2533

5320

1.X

1

06/05/69

6212

8946

1 .0

I

1

I

I

I

}

I

I

13/05/69

9891

12572

1 .0

I

1

I

1

20/05/69

14125

16723

I

0

I

I

I

I

I

I

1

27/05/69

18391

20906

I

1

I

I

1

I

I

I

I

03/06/69

25278

27445

ΟΙ

I

I

I

I

I

10/06/69

32932

34751

I

1.0

I

I

1

1

I

17/06/69

40586

42057

I

I

I

I

1

1

24/06/69

49449

50572

I

1

I

I

9

01/07/69

59103

59784

I

I

I

1

I

I

}

10

08/07/69

68757

68996

}

1

1

I

11

15/07/69

78664

78461

I

I

1

I

12

22/07/69

88571

87926

I

I

1

0.

1

1

1

I

13

29/07/69

97458

96371

1

1

1

I

1

I

14

05/08/69 105273 103832 12/08/69 113088 111293 19/08/69 120903 118754 26/08/69 128718 126215 02/09/69 136533 133676

I

I

I

I

I

I

15

I

I

I

1

I

16

I

1

I

I

1

17

I

I

1

I

1

I

18

I

I

I

I

I

I

1

19

09/09/69 141372 138456

I

I

I

1

20

16/09/69 146011 143036

I

I

I

1

I

0.1

1

1

21

23/09/69 149883 146849

I

I

I

1

I

0.

1

22

30/09/69 153755 150662

I

I

1

I

I

I

I

23

07/10/69 157024 153878

I

1

1

1

24

14/10/69 159105 155906

I

I

I

I 0

J

25

21/10/69 161186 157934

I

I

I

I

I

J

26

28/10/69 163267 159962

I

1

I

I

1

1

1

27

04/11/69 165041 161683

I

#

I

I

1

I

I

I

28

11/11/69 166815 163404

1

I

1

1

1

I

I

29

18/11/69 168489 165025

I

I

I

1

1

1

1

1

30

25/11/69 170159 166642

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

31

02/12/69 170484 166914

1

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

32

09/12/69 170734 167111 16/12/69 170984 167308

I

I

1

1

1

I

I

I

33

I

I

I

34

XX

=

Actual expenditure

...

000

= Forecast expenditure

Revised forecast expenditure

Far East BUILDER, August 1969

Print out of expenditure control data for a PWD contract

31