Directory_and_Chronicle_1884 — Page 235

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PEKING.

445

Yung Lo, the third Emperor of the Ming dynasty, again held his court at Peking, since which date it has remained the capital of China."

The present city of Peking is divided into two portions, the Northera or Tarlar city and the Southern or Chinese. The former is being gradually encroached upon by the Chinese, and the purely Manchu section of the capital will soon be very limited. The southern city is almost exclusively occupied by Chinese. The general shape of Peking may be roughly represented by a square placed upon an oblong, the former standing for the Tartar and the latter for the Chinese city. The whole of the capital is, of course, walled. The walls of the Tartar city are the strongest. They average 50 feet in height and 40 feet in width, and are buttressed at intervals of about sixty yards. The parapets are loop-holed and crenelated. They are faced on both sides with brick, the space between being filled with earth and concrete. Each of the gateways is surmounted by a three-storied pagoda. The walls of the Chinese city are about 30 feet in height, 25 feet thick at the base, and 15 feet wide on the terre plein. The total circumference of the walls round the two cities slightly exceeds twenty miles.

The Tartar city consists (Dr. Williams tells us) of three enclosures, one within the other, cach surrounded by its own wall. The innermost, called Kin-ching or Prohibited City, contains the Imperial Palace and its surrounding buildings; the second is occupied by the several offices appertaining to the Government and by private residences of officials; while the outer consists of dwelling-houses, with shops in the chief avenues. The Chinese city is the business portion of Peking, but it presents few features of interest to the sight-seer, while the enclosure known as the Prohibited City is, as its title denotes, forbidden to all foreign visitors. The numerous temples, the walls, the Imperial Observatory, the Foreign Legations, and the curio shops are the chief attractions to the tourist. The streets of the Chinese metropolis are kept in a most disgraceful condition. In the dry season the pedestrian sinks deep in noxious dust, and in wet weather he is liable to be drowned in the torrents that rush along the thoroughfares, where the constant traffic has worn away the soil There is an air of decay about Peking, which extends even to the finest of the temples. The population of Peking is not accurately known, but according to a Chinese estimate, which is probably slightly in excess, it is 1,300,000, of whom 900,000 reside in the Tartar and 400,000 in the Chinese city. There is no direct foreign trade with Peking, and the small foreign population is made up of the members of the various Legations, the Maritime Customs establishment, the professors at the College of Peking, and the missionary body. In 1883 it was brought into telegraphic communication with the rest of the world, an overland line being con- structed from Tientsin to Tungehow, from which latter place the wires will be conveyed underground into the capital.

Legations.

DIRECTORY.

大英國欽差公署 Ta Ying-buo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu. BRITISE.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleui- potentiary Sir Barry Smith Parkes, K.C.B., G.C.M.G.

Secretary of Legation—Hon. T. G. Gros-

venor, C.B. (absent) 2nd Secretary-C. T. Maude

Chinese Secretary-E. C. Baler (absent)

do. -W. C. Hillier Acting

Assistant Chinese Secretary—

Acting Assist, Chinese Secretary-C. W.

Everard

Accountant-A. E. Pirkis Surgeon-S. W. Bushell, M.D. Second Assistant-James Scott

-J. R. Coulibard

Do. Chaplain — Rev. W, Brereton Colonial Codet-F. H. May Acting Sergrant of Escort-R. D. Herring Constubes-Posnett, Wilkin, Bruce

446

PEKING.

大法郎酒國欽差公署

Ta Fa-lang-hei-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu.

FRENCH.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-

potentiary-J. Pa:enôtre

Second Sect, of Legation-Vte. de Semallé First Interpreter-Hippolyte Frandin Interprete Chancelier-V. Colin de Planey Second Interpreter-Arnold Vissière

Third Interpreter-J. Haitee (absent) Physicion-Dr. M. Mirabel

Chaplain-Allofs

大俄國欽差公署

Ta O-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kunq-shu. RUSSIAN.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-

fentiary S. Popoff

First Secretary-P. Ladyensky

Second Secretary.-Baron vou Wrangel Military Atto-he-

First Interpreter-P. Popoff

Second Interpreter-C. Protasseff Physician-

Student Interpreter.-N. Showisky

Postmaster-N. Gomboyeff

大德意志國欽差公署

Ta Té-i-chih-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu.

GERMAN.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-

tentiary M. von Brandt (absent)

Chargé d'Affaires-Count von Tattenbach

Secretary and Interpreter-C. Arendt

Student Interpreters-Dr. Lenz, Dr. Merz,

mi insdorf, T. Rathsam

Clerk. G. Pampel

Constable-H. Kierulff

大澳斯馬加國欽差公署

Ta Ao-st-mu-chia-kuo Ch’in-ch'ai Kung-ahu

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.

Minister Resident and Consul-General for China-Count Zaluski (residing at To- kio)

BELGIAN,

Minister Resident-Count C. E. de Noi-

dans

Secretary Interpreter-J. Michell

大秘魯國欽差公館

Ta Pi-lu kwo Ch'in-ch'ai Kụng Kuan. PERUVIAN.

Minister Resident—

ITALIAN.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-

potentiary-Count Ferdinand de Luca

Interpreter-L. Nocentini

大和蘭國欽差公署

Ta Ho-lan-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu. NETHERLANDB.

Minister Resident J. H. Ferguson

Secretary Interpreter-J. Rbein

大日斯巴尼牙國欽差公署 TaJih-sú-pa-ni-ya-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu

SPANISH.

Minister Plenipotentiary for China, Siam

& Annam-

1st. Sec. of Legation-R. Gil de Uribarri

Interpreter-Juan de Licópolis Marzal

大美國欽差公署

Ta Mei-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu. UNITED STATES.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-

tentiary-J. Russell Young

Secretary of Legution, and ChineseInterpreter

-Chester Holcombe

Private Secretary-L. A. Bergholtz

大日本國欽差公署

Ta- Jih-pen-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-sku. JAPANESE.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary-Vice Admiral Enomoto Ta-

keaki

Secretary of Legation—Yo-hida Djiro

Military Attaché-Capt. Fukushima Yasu-

mass

Attaché-Watanabe Yoichiro

Do. --Nakashima Takashi

Do. and Interpreter-Gob Keita Student Interpreter-Vei Nagaku ni