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PEKING.
445
Yung Lo, the third Emperor of the Ming dynasty, again held his court at Peking, since which date it has remained the capital of China."
The present city of Peking is divided into two portions, the Northera or Tarlar city and the Southern or Chinese. The former is being gradually encroached upon by the Chinese, and the purely Manchu section of the capital will soon be very limited. The southern city is almost exclusively occupied by Chinese. The general shape of Peking may be roughly represented by a square placed upon an oblong, the former standing for the Tartar and the latter for the Chinese city. The whole of the capital is, of course, walled. The walls of the Tartar city are the strongest. They average 50 feet in height and 40 feet in width, and are buttressed at intervals of about sixty yards. The parapets are loop-holed and crenelated. They are faced on both sides with brick, the space between being filled with earth and concrete. Each of the gateways is surmounted by a three-storied pagoda. The walls of the Chinese city are about 30 feet in height, 25 feet thick at the base, and 15 feet wide on the terre plein. The total circumference of the walls round the two cities slightly exceeds twenty miles.
The Tartar city consists (Dr. Williams tells us) of three enclosures, one within the other, cach surrounded by its own wall. The innermost, called Kin-ching or Prohibited City, contains the Imperial Palace and its surrounding buildings; the second is occupied by the several offices appertaining to the Government and by private residences of officials; while the outer consists of dwelling-houses, with shops in the chief avenues. The Chinese city is the business portion of Peking, but it presents few features of interest to the sight-seer, while the enclosure known as the Prohibited City is, as its title denotes, forbidden to all foreign visitors. The numerous temples, the walls, the Imperial Observatory, the Foreign Legations, and the curio shops are the chief attractions to the tourist. The streets of the Chinese metropolis are kept in a most disgraceful condition. In the dry season the pedestrian sinks deep in noxious dust, and in wet weather he is liable to be drowned in the torrents that rush along the thoroughfares, where the constant traffic has worn away the soil There is an air of decay about Peking, which extends even to the finest of the temples. The population of Peking is not accurately known, but according to a Chinese estimate, which is probably slightly in excess, it is 1,300,000, of whom 900,000 reside in the Tartar and 400,000 in the Chinese city. There is no direct foreign trade with Peking, and the small foreign population is made up of the members of the various Legations, the Maritime Customs establishment, the professors at the College of Peking, and the missionary body. In 1883 it was brought into telegraphic communication with the rest of the world, an overland line being con- structed from Tientsin to Tungehow, from which latter place the wires will be conveyed underground into the capital.
Legations.
DIRECTORY.
大英國欽差公署 Ta Ying-buo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu. BRITISE.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleui- potentiary Sir Barry Smith Parkes, K.C.B., G.C.M.G.
Secretary of Legation—Hon. T. G. Gros-
venor, C.B. (absent) 2nd Secretary-C. T. Maude
Chinese Secretary-E. C. Baler (absent)
do. -W. C. Hillier Acting
Assistant Chinese Secretary—
Acting Assist, Chinese Secretary-C. W.
Everard
Accountant-A. E. Pirkis Surgeon-S. W. Bushell, M.D. Second Assistant-James Scott
-J. R. Coulibard
Do. Chaplain — Rev. W, Brereton Colonial Codet-F. H. May Acting Sergrant of Escort-R. D. Herring Constubes-Posnett, Wilkin, Bruce
446
PEKING.
大法郎酒國欽差公署
Ta Fa-lang-hei-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu.
FRENCH.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary-J. Pa:enôtre
Second Sect, of Legation-Vte. de Semallé First Interpreter-Hippolyte Frandin Interprete Chancelier-V. Colin de Planey Second Interpreter-Arnold Vissière
Third Interpreter-J. Haitee (absent) Physicion-Dr. M. Mirabel
Chaplain-Allofs
大俄國欽差公署
Ta O-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kunq-shu. RUSSIAN.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
fentiary S. Popoff
First Secretary-P. Ladyensky
Second Secretary.-Baron vou Wrangel Military Atto-he-
First Interpreter-P. Popoff
Second Interpreter-C. Protasseff Physician-
Student Interpreter.-N. Showisky
Postmaster-N. Gomboyeff
大德意志國欽差公署
Ta Té-i-chih-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu.
GERMAN.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary M. von Brandt (absent)
Chargé d'Affaires-Count von Tattenbach
Secretary and Interpreter-C. Arendt
Student Interpreters-Dr. Lenz, Dr. Merz,
mi insdorf, T. Rathsam
Clerk. G. Pampel
Constable-H. Kierulff
大澳斯馬加國欽差公署
Ta Ao-st-mu-chia-kuo Ch’in-ch'ai Kung-ahu
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.
Minister Resident and Consul-General for China-Count Zaluski (residing at To- kio)
BELGIAN,
Minister Resident-Count C. E. de Noi-
dans
Secretary Interpreter-J. Michell
大秘魯國欽差公館
Ta Pi-lu kwo Ch'in-ch'ai Kụng Kuan. PERUVIAN.
Minister Resident—
ITALIAN.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary-Count Ferdinand de Luca
Interpreter-L. Nocentini
大和蘭國欽差公署
Ta Ho-lan-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu. NETHERLANDB.
Minister Resident J. H. Ferguson
Secretary Interpreter-J. Rbein
大日斯巴尼牙國欽差公署 TaJih-sú-pa-ni-ya-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu
SPANISH.
Minister Plenipotentiary for China, Siam
& Annam-
1st. Sec. of Legation-R. Gil de Uribarri
Interpreter-Juan de Licópolis Marzal
大美國欽差公署
Ta Mei-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-shu. UNITED STATES.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary-J. Russell Young
Secretary of Legution, and ChineseInterpreter
-Chester Holcombe
Private Secretary-L. A. Bergholtz
大日本國欽差公署
Ta- Jih-pen-kuo Ch'in-ch'ai Kung-sku. JAPANESE.
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary-Vice Admiral Enomoto Ta-
keaki
Secretary of Legation—Yo-hida Djiro
Military Attaché-Capt. Fukushima Yasu-
mass
Attaché-Watanabe Yoichiro
Do. --Nakashima Takashi
Do. and Interpreter-Gob Keita Student Interpreter-Vei Nagaku ni