1937-09-28 — Page 3

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1937.

THE LESSONS OF THE

WAR IN SPAIN

An Air Force Cannot Fight A War Alone

(BY CAPTAIN J. R. J. MACNAMARA, M.P.)

The war in Spain has entered upon its second year. The forces of the Government and Gen. France about divide the country be- tween them. Gen. Franco still retains the initiative, and still seems to be superior in weapons. Of his Spanish soldiers the foreign legion (which is mainly Spanish) and the Requetés (Caillat volunteers) are useful as front-line soldiers, but the Phalangists (a Fascist organization) appear to be most disappointing and do not seem to be taking any active part in the fighting.

BRITAIN RULES THE WAVES

World's Comparative

Sea-Power

Statistics shewing the world's comparative sea-power, issued in Washington by the United States Navy Department, place Great Britain far ahead of the other nations,

The British navy now consists of 285 warships with a tonnage "of 1,218,398 according to these figures. The United States comes second, with 326 ships of 1.083,330 tons. This figure, however, includes 212 wartime vessels of 214,100 tons that' are considered over age.

After Great Britain and

the

United States, the other sca-powers are ranked as follows:-

Japan, 200 ships of 745.604 tons; France, 162 ships of 169,348 toris: Italy, 206 ships of 366,883 tons: Germany. 77 ships of 147,632 tons. Navy officials have stated, how- ever, that the figures for Japan, it unless preceded by tanks. Acro-Italy and German might not he planes have not been much use complet. against entrenchments. Artillery The British and United States has often completely wiped out

navies are compared as follows:--- entrenched positions. Even after GREAT that.. however, a machine-gun popping up here and there has been able to hold up the infantry attack until tanks were brought up...

1

Are we taking all this to heart in our training this summer? Of course we would know more about

On the Government side a large It has been shown time and Spanish Army is being trained. again in the Spanish war that it. They are said to have half a mill-is weight of artillery that wins in lion at present training, a number attack. Gen: Franco's successes which will soon reach some 800,- have always been due to this. It 000. Although superlor in Spanish

has also been abundantly proved man-power they will not probably that the machine-gun is so for- be able to take the Initiative midable a weapon in defence that agalnat Gen. Franco until next infantry cannot advance against spring. by which time they hope, at least, to be equal in weapons. Gen. Franco has been getting all the arms he requires from abroad. The Government has also been getting some, but has found much more dimculty in doing so than the other side. It is, however, or- ganizing а vast war industry. which is already turning out Spanish-made machine-guns and tanks, and soon hopes to supply all the needs of a modern army.

The international brigade, which it. If we had had a few officers us has been aghting for the Govern-attachés with the armles. Why ment, has been split up and its have we not had these officers men drafted into ordinary Spanish there? Even our military attaché battalions, with a view, I imagine, seems to have spent most of his to acting as a stiffener. On Gen. time in Hendaye,, In France. Our Franco's side the German and Embassy remained open in Madrid' Italian units retain their identity. under Mr. Ogilvie Forbes during The Spaniards admire the Ger- many months of war when much mans and great German troops in might have been learnt which a friendly manner." To the Ita- could have been passed on to those lans, however, from what I hear, responsible for training in this they are extremly cold. They country, but our military attaché neither like them ΠΟΙ

admire.

was not there. Events are moving them as soldiers. The defeat of very rapidly in the world to-day, Guadalajara has done much to

and I consider our Army officers shake the world's confidence in should be given every possible op- Italy, and the Spaniard nowadays portunity of studying what is hap- smiles cynically every time he pening. so that we may the better sples an Italiau.

prepare ourselves.

UNWISE AND UNJUST

Apart from anything else, much I consider this attitude both un- might be learnt in Spain as to wise and unjust. I will not deny how to deal with tank attacks. that the Italians were defeated at It is extraordinary how the ama- Guadalajara. They were, but the teur militiamen have been able to centre 'column of a rapid advance. devise means of resisting them they were badly let down by the from merely throwing glass bottles columns on their right and left. full of petrol at them, to organiz- colunins which did not even started systems of dynamiting... One at all. History may look upon way and another tanks come into

another Guadalajara (25

Mons, the picture every time nowadays→→ rather than a Caporetto. My own and yet thousands of men in the opinion is that the Italians nowa- Regular and Territorial Armies at days are good soldiers. Inciden-home will train this year without. taly, on the Govertiment side I even seeing one, except. perhaps, found that the best companies in at a demonstration.

the international brigade were ac- knowledged by all to be the Ita- lians.

The Moors are still being ship ped to Spain in large numbers. I understand they have borne much of the brunt of the nighting, and that their casualties have been very heavy. Many of those now coming in' are often mere boys of

Afteen.

Much has been talked of the

part the air forces have played in Spain. It is true that this new: weapon, cleverly handled, is a fac- tor with which we must reckon In modern war. For pursuit purposes and for attacks miles behind the lines on strategic points and to: demoralizing civilians aeroplanes can play an important role.

The one thing one has learnt, However, after one year of Spanish civil war and this is most impor- tant from our point of view in this country is that an air force cannot fight a war alone; nor is it

SUFFERING

How we do suffering from water-tight compartments In this country! How one longs to see a loosening out all round, `with 'a consequent co-operation between the arms! Thank heaven our tank arm is a corps, as is our artil- lery, or there would be even very

little

co-operation internally among themselves. While we go

on trying to take the intelligent young man of to-day back into the past and impress upon him that the only thing that really matters is that he wears black buttons Instead of shiny ones, or that he alopes arms instead of trails them, so long shall we neither get the mass of modern young men really interested, nor shall we get the Co-ordinated

machine that by working all its parts together can complete as a modern army with others,

I have concentrated on Spain. me the

a decisive factor, not even though The anniversary gave

the

it may be in complete command thought, but, after all, it is the of the air. So much is talked, most modern of wars, and we nowadays in England of perfect- ought to be taking its daily lessons to heart. The tank, the artillery. ing our Air Force at the expense

machine-gun, the anti-tank of all other Services, because peo- ple believe that the next war will devices, the co-operation between use of be fought entirely in the air, that tank and. infantry, the It would be well for military circles smoke, the tremendous possibility to rub home the lesson of Spain. for an army efficiently trained to The Services are bound up in do everything, except. sleep, at history and tradition, and surely night, the exploitation properties history alone tells one that what- of the Air Force-and so on, one ever may be the latest weapon of could elaborate at length. All this' the day, whether it be an elephant should be studied, and our training -"United or a tank, a cross-bow or a bomb- adjusted accordingly. er. eventually a war can only be Services Review. effectively decided by the infan-

tryman gaining such advantage

over his adversary that he

сап

take over even his police force's DECREE FOR EARL'S

duties.

LAZINESS

The Spanish war has taught us that the same still holds good to day, and it brings home to us that it may be laziness rather than judgment which makes us, as a nation, prefer to rely on our Aft Force rather than bring our Army up to date in men and material, which is more difficult.

SISTER

Lady Colina Elwy Hussey, of Thickthorn Manor, Ashill, Iimins- ter, Bomerset, sister of the Earl of. Brealbane, was, at Devon Assizes, granted a decree nisl against her husband, Captain Thomas Mac- donald Hussey, who is in Govern- ment service in Singapore. ɛult was undefended.

The

BRITAIN

UNITED STATES

15 Battleships

15

B

Aircraft Carriers

3

15

Heavy Cruisers

17

40

Light Cruisers

10

156

Destroyers

197

53

Submarines

6.4

These figures do not include war-

ships under construction.

AN ENGLISH WORD

WANTED

Miss C. Fulford, a member of the LC.C., wants a "good English' word to replace "Lido" in desertb- ing London's swimming pools,

At a recent meeting of the Council her plea for a new name was the only "criticism" of the decision to provide Ave new L'dos at Charlton Playing Fields," Parila--|| ment Hill, Battersea Park, Lady- well Recreation Ground and Clis- so'd Park.

1.

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CRAVEN

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