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Undivided Responsibility

Sea Power

(BY SIR HERBERT RUSSELL)

1st quarter

In the Fifth Volume of his "War

1917

1918 Memoira." just Published, Mr.

Toris Tons Lloyd George begins with a general

911,840-697,883 review of the situation upon which 2nd quarter...... 1,361,870 630,882 the year 1918 dawned. He finds 3rd quarter

952,938 403.433 that on balance the land campaign, ith quarter........ *782,887 03.382 had gone unmistakably in favour

of the Central Powers." I think the situation at the end of 1917, Mr. Lloyd George is reviewing

this statement was fairly true in when the submarine toll had been January, 1918, thanks in no small

reduced to very nearly one-half. I measure to the Russian revolution | think it would be more correct to and to the state of the French say that the Navy had "reorganiz- Army, which had compelled Haiged" rather than "regained The to launch and persevere with the remedial measures which it adopted disastrous Passchendaele offensive

as necessary, in his belief, to avert the imminent threat of collapse: But Mr. Lloyd George Ands relief in one reflection. He says,

"The less spectacular, but most decisive. fact of Britain's renew- ed command at sea was at the time not recorded and was ignor- ed by the military advisers of the Allies. All they knew was that supplies of ammunition and food reached them regularly and in Increasing "quantities. The way to ultimate triumph was sought by great Generals on land. The life and death struggle on the great watera was never alluded to by the military chiefs of the Alliance, except in so far as it was used as an argument for withholding reinforcements of troops and munitions to remote battle areas. There is not a hint in any military appreciation by the British or French Staff of the events of 1917 or of the prospects for 1018 that the issue of the struggle with the submarines would ultimately decide the fate of the war.”

So far as this tribute to British sea power is concerned it is mere- ly an endorsement of history. So. CROSS AMERICA | far as the lack of appreciation. on

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realization. "But the omission by Marshal Foch, when expressing his thanks for the British contribution to victory, of all reference to the part played by our sea power which alone made that victory possible oc- casioned both astonishment and resentment. It may have been an oversight. Bot there are

some oversights which cannot be con- doned.

#

DISASTROUS PEAK POINT · The suggestion of complete in- difference to what depended on the Navy on the part of our own Ɑe- neral Staff in France is not fair. Thoughout the period to which Mr. Lloyd George refers I was G.H.Q in France in circumstances which furnished pretty good opportuni- ties for gathering what was sald and thought, and I can affirm that anxiety over the submarine cam- paign was very openly and widely expressed long before that cam- paign had reached its disastrous peak point.

It was very fully appreciated that not only did the very existence of our Armies in France depend

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been clear. but it needed the urgency of Imminent disaster to force the pace. In one of the earlier volumes of his "War Memotre" Mr. Lloyd George has attacked the Admiralty in general, and Lord Jellicoe in particular, for the delay and in competence shown in connection with setting up the convoy system,'

In his own version of the subject Lord Jellicoe has very effectively shown that Mr. Lloyd George pos- sessed à curiously incomplete know- ledge of the facts. However, since his obvious purpose has been to produce a stupendous monograph to Mr. Lloyd George rather than to write history, and to give ä tower- ing stature to his own Agure by the very elementary process of trying. to dwarf all others, his work will not endure in the category of naval annals.

A

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ESTONIAN GENERAL IN BERLIN

11

Berlin, Nov. 16. The Chief of the Estonian Ge- neral Staff, Major-General Reek, arrived in Berlin to inspect the German Army and the equipment. Major-General Reek became well known after the war for his ser- vices in the Estonian struggle for unques-independence and the develop-

ment, of the army of the state.--.. Cranioccan News Service

For

EVOLUTION OF STATIC WARFARE The British Navy was crably at the peak point of its "war" form" at the dawn of the last year of the struggle. three and a half years it had been "studying War" In the most practical of all schools-the school of grim reality. It had carried out virtually every form of operation of which sea power is capable and had acquired the wisdom which comes after the event.

The truth is that both the Navy and the Army were striving to keep pace with

evolution. There had never been a war like this, so there. was nothing upon which to base experienced conclusions.

+

FESTIVITIES IN POLAND

new

-Warsaw, Nov. 18 Special celebrations were held in Wirkitz near Bromberg, when Marshal Rydz-Smigli and the Po- lish War Minister were made honorary citizens of the Province. and presented with 16 machine- guns, 32 small howitzers, and 32 horses for the Polish army. In ac- New weapons suggested new cepting the

presents, Marshal methods and revealed the costly Rydz-Smigli praised the patriotic futility of old ones. Mr. Lloyd sentiment of the Province, declar- George, looking backward, thinks ing that in time of war such that the sallors and the soldiers strength of morale would ensure should have been able to reverse victory. The festivities closed the process and have reached the same conclusions. by foresight as he reaches by retrospect.

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Ox VIEW FROM THURSDAY, THE 19TH, NOVEMBER, 1936.

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ON I

WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY

with the march-past of troops sta-The 18th and 19th NOV,1936 tioned in Bromberg. Transocean News, Service. 1

The aim throughout was to break

COMMENCING Each Day at 2,30 P.M. static warfare and restore war of movement. The big offensives ITALIAN KING'S

At No. 21, WYNDHAM STREET furnished studies in progressive formulae. The Somme struggle was

NEW TITLE

A VERY FINE SELECTION, fought on the German plan of try-

Paris, Nov. 18. - ] OF CHINESE ART CURIOS Ing to overwhelm by mass. They had been learning at Verdun that King of Italy and Emperor of "Emperor of Italy"-and not

Comprising:- this was no longer profitable war-Abyssinia,” will be the title assum- fare; we learnt it on the Polzeres ed by Victor Emmanuel, it la learn- Ridge. Both sides learnt by costly ed to-day. This step is taken experiment. We saw on both sides because it ta

the unfolding of methods dictated diplomatic by the potentialities of new went might arise otherwise might thus Bronze Incense Burners and Vases,

difficulties, which

Carved Horn Ornaments, progressed be avoided. The Grand Fascist Embroidery, etc., etc.

Carved Ivory Figures, Jade and Öld Porcelain Vases and Jars, Agats Vases, Incense Burners, etc.,. thought that etc.

Old,

changes—

necessary constitutional

rage, thence to the creeping the barrage. We abandoned any idea of the break-through by sheer weight of assault in favour of the limited objective.

BRILLIANT BRITISH STAFF WORK

Tranionum News Service.

AFGHANISTAN AND AVIATION

upon the Navy, but that the trans- pons, The gunners port of

the American Armies, from curtain fire to the lifting bär- Council 'will meet shortly to make which were so much wanted in the early days of 1918, was very largely the job of British ships covered by British war, vessels. Mr. Lloyd George seems to find something rather phenomenal in the fact that the great Generals should confine their vision of ultimate triumph to the land. He surely could not ex-. pect them to essay the role of great Admirals, too. Profound faith in the Navy Justified our Generals in taking the maintenance of their sea communications for granted, and therefore not a contingency to be constantly referred to.

Breslau, Nov. 18.

The Germans abandoned the strongly-held front for defence in depth the best answer they could

An interesting sidelight on the make to the tank. And so it went developement of aviation 9 with our General Staf steadily Afghanistan was revealed by the learning the horribly-complex bus fact that the German pilot, Wil- ness of modern and changeful war Ham Hampel was appointed "Chief How effectually they learnt it was Pilot" to the King of Afghanistan. WHEN "SINE AT SIGHT" BEGAN 1918. From the opening of the Bri- one airplane, which was presented demonstrated in the sunmer of At present the country possesses Again, what ș, does - Mr. Lloyd George mean by the words "British final offensive on August & to the country eight years ago by tain's renewed command of the 1918, until the series of concentric the German Government, and this sen"? He is writing of the outlook attacks planned by Haig compelled one airplane has replace ever since. for 1918. when the unrestricted Ludendorf to admit that the Get in a special building in the capital, U-boat campaign was being sucman Armies could no longer stand, where it has been the object of the British Staff work was the great interest and curiosity, but cessfully, countered; hence I as- sume that he means the British most brilliant of any throughout has never been down." It has now, Navy had relatively lost command

been decided to buy several planes

the entire: war.

of the sea during the worst period I think there is a certain analogy for the use of the King and high of that grave menace, which was | between what was happening to our | Government oficials when-travel- in the second quarter of 1917. Ac | Armies and to the Navy. The pro-ling to the distant provinces.

tually "command of the sea' is one

of those sketchý old phrases which

blems were different, but the pro-Transocean News Service, cess of emergence; if I may soʻput

it, was equally going on in both

no modern strategist would use, For awhile the British Navy was Bervices Mistakes were not merely NEW TRAIN RECORD unequal to the task of protecting treated as wasted efforts. Reasons shipping slong certain of the con- for failure were studiously "faced.

London, Nov 16 verging sea communications, and it | Looking back towards the supreme The London Midland Scottish may be of interest to recall the heights to which this little country train made a world record speed course of the unrestricted sub-rose during those four years, 1 wen- for 4014 miles non-stop to-day. marine campaign as illustrating der whether she could make the when it travalled from Euston how long it took the Navy to begin same prodigious effort again? This Gasgow, in five hours afty-two "getting on top of it. The gures is not a question to which one ands minutes. The averag

грееда I give are those of British ships sunk from the time of the Ger man order to "sink at sight"

it very easy to give a confident 68,2 mph and the top speed. affirmative.The Naval and Mill marry tary Record."

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