1934-10-27 — Page 2

Page

* In

China's Reconstruction Programme

THE RAJCHMAN REPORT

June, 1935, the Chinese Government presented a com- munication to the council of the League of Nations at Geneva, re- garding its possible technical collaboration in the work of na- tional reconstruction of China. The council approved of the pro- posal.

and appointed Mr. L. Rajchman to serve as technical agent and liaison officer for the purpose. His statement of the work done so far, in which he has collaborated, has recently been published by the League of Ni- tions, with the title, "Report of the Technical Agent of the Council on his Mission to China.” coples of which can be procured from MessTS. Allen and Unwin, London, at 21. 6c net. The Chinese Government established in October, 1933, a standing com- mittee of the National Economic Council, of five members, to make a new and detailed study of ali the problems involved, and of the financial matters concerned with them.

Their main proposals for the year 1934 were for improve- ments In communications, for water conservancy schemes, and for the comprehensive reconstruc- tion of certain rural areas.

The

immediate Industrialisa- tion of such a vast territory as "China naturally Involves pro-, blems of a very intricate charac- ter. In previous references ta this subject some information bas been given regarding the work undertaken, and proposed, for the development of the region of the Yangtse valley, and on the gene- ral progress in fadustrialisation. That work, with certain modiâca- tions, is being continued. Follow- ing the conclusion of a financial arrangement with the Recon struction Finance Corporation of the United States, a number of organisations, including private agencies interested in Industrial development, applied for loans. for projects.

hair of more than which related to improvement of agriculture, including hydraul's and irrigation work. Other schemes were for rallway 'construction, the erection of factor'es, the develop- ment of Ashertes, the improve- ment o the mercantile marine, posts, telegraphs and telephones, and the extension of education.

Natural Calamities

Floods are perhaps the worst of the natural calamities that perio- dically affect China. Where the .country is mountainous,

35

the:

Into.it after a period of abnorm- ally heavy rainfall up-river and it is liable to spread over the whole of the weightbouring plain. To deal with the situation, a com- mission of three engineers, ane Bri- tish, one. French and one German was sent soine time ago to China.” They recommended early work on the Hwai River, which had no closely defined outlet to the sea, by conducting it into the Yangtse, and this proposal is now being carried out. Certain dock exten- slons at Shanghai were condem- ned on technical grounds. Bunds were built on the Yangtse and its tributaries, to the length of over 7,000 kilometres, to prevent the recurrence of devastating floods. Three major irrigation projects In the North-West_provinces have also been taken in hand two of which have been partially com- pleted

15 the case south of Yangise, the rivers give but Little trouble. but in the north-west, where. they have to flow across great plains 'before reaching the sea, they have washed down, in. the course öt centuries, quantities of slit, and their beds are higher than the surrounding country. In this case they can only be kept, from overflowing by means of dykes or bunds. In central China the "conditions are not dissimilar, but --

Roads in rural China represent a network of small winding and 'narrow paths, but these have pro- ved adequate after many cen- turies of use. When the recent road making was begun the pro- grammes were not co-ordinated, and much waste resulted. Con trol became essential. A general plan was drawn up in 1932, be- ginning with the three provinces of Klangsu, Cheklang and Anh- wel, later spreading to adjacent areas. The Roads Bureau now. prescribes the location, the qua lity and kind of read to be built, and in certain cases grants loans to cover part of the building costa. This resulted in accelerated con- struction. In two years roads have been built of an aggregate length of 4,000 kilometres. Con- rections of more than 13,000 kilo- metres have also been brought into existence.

In dealing with navigation, the Government has taken over the China Merchants Steam Naviga- tion Company, and has converted It into a state-operated ConTM cern. Some progress is said to" have resulted.

Electricial Company, Limited. Trafford Park, Manchester, have received an order for a 30,000-W turbo-alternator, with step-up: tansformers, for the Belfast Cor- poration.

Messrs. Horsley Bridge Thomas Piggott. Limited, Tipton, Staffs, have received a repeat or- der from Messrs. The British (Guest, Keen and Baldwins). Iron and Steel Company, Port Talbot,. for a 3,000,000 cub. It. waterless gas-holder for blast-furnaces, and a 1,000,000 cub. ft. waterless holder for coke-oven gas. Esch will be equipped with an internal electric Uft, and an external lift will be installed between them.

Should Be

Diner: This salmon isn't near- are less severe. The bed of the ly so nice as that I had a week Yangtze is not dry enough to

380." Waiter: "It should be. accommodate the water draining sir; it's from the fame flah.”

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1934.

ENGINEERING AND BUILDING.

Fine New Contracts

Messrs. Huntington, Heberlein and Company. Limited. 47-51,.. King William-street, London, EC. 4, have received a contract for a washing plant capable of treating · · 100 tons per hour of 3 in. to 0- coal, for Easton Pit, Bathgate, of Messrs. William Baird and Company Limited. Another con- tract, is for a de-dusting plant, capable of handling 100 tons per hour of 24 in, to 0 coal, for Messrs. Wombwell Coke and By-Product Company, Limited, Wombwell Main, near Barnsley.

Messrs. The British Thomson- Houston Company, Limited, Rug- by, have received an order from the West Midlands Joint Electricity Authority for a 50,- 000-kW, 33,000-volt turbo-alter- nator for Ironbridge generating station. The turbine is of the two-cylinder double flow type, de- signed for a steam pressure, at" the stop valve, of 375 lb. per square inch guage, 750 deg. F. total temperature. The conden- sing plant will be manufactured by Messrs. Hick, Hargreaves and Company, Limited, Bolton.

Messrs. The Sunbeam Motor Car Company. Limited, Moorfield Works, Wolverhampton, have re- ceived a second repeat order from the Bournemouth Corporation for 36 Sunbeam-British- Thomson- Houston trolley omnibuses." The chassis will be of the "Sunbeam MS.2, six-wheel type, with British Thomson-Houston regenerative traction equipment. The bodies will be supplied by Messrs. Park Royal Coachworks, Limited. These will be of the double-deck type and each vehicle will scat 56 pas- ≫ sengets.

Messrs. Clarke, Chapman and Company, Limited, Victoria Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, have supplied nine pumps and a set of float gear, a feel-water heater, two electrically-driven warping capeters, and a warping winch. for the new Cunarder No. 534. The pumps comprise a pair of auxili ary.slow-speed, feed pumps with 14-in. steam cylindera, two Hot- well pumps, a slow-speed, feed- water transfer pump and four auxiliary slow-speed pumps with 20-in. steam cylinders. All are of "the Woodsson vertical single-

cylinder, double-acting type.

Messrs. Peter Brotherhood, Lim- Ited. Peterborough, report that they have recently received or ders for turbogenerating sets from Messrs. Yarrow and Company, Limited, Messrs. John L Thorny- croft and Company, Limited, and Messrs. Alex, Stephens and Sons, Limited, for the British Admiral- ty: air compressors for the Ad- miralty, and for Messrs. John Brown and Company, Limited, for the Cunarder No. 534; as well as several orders for gas compres-. sors, circulating pumps, Brother- hood-Ricardo and Brotherhood- Junkers engines, the former en- gines for the Admiralty and the latter laregly for welding sets.

Messrs. Meteropolitan-Vickers

(Continued on Previous Column) ·

For Constructural Work of Every

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GENERAL

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2ND FLOOR

EXCHANGE BUILDING

MAIL NEWS FROM

CHINA.

"

Railway Association

Meets

*Pelping, Sept 16.

The 23rd annual meeting of the National Railway Association, which has been in session here for the past three days, was formally closed yesterday after adopting a total of over 10 re- solutions. The more important of the resolutions adopted related to:

1

1. Improvement of the treat- ment of the lower ranks of rail- way workers,

2. Employment of technical experts by the railway adminis- trations.

3. The Central Authorities to De petitioned to draft definite Regulations governing the'; em- ployment of railway staffs.

4. A proposal to the Govern- ment for the opening of a railway course in the various universities.

5. The Ministry of Railways to be petitioned to employ graduates · from the Railway Colleges:

6. Construction of a railway to link up Slan, provincial capital of Shensi, with Il in Sinklang.

7. Completion of the main rail- way lines in the North-west by the Ministry of Railways.

8. Planting of trees along rail-

ways.

Measures relating to the im- provement of traffic and technics, readjustment of loans and pro- motion of the affairs of the As- socation were also

прод

decided

RAILWAY TAKINGS

Nanking. Sept. 25" According to ari atínouncement of the Nanking-Shanghai and Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Ra'l- way Administration, the total earnings of the two railways for the month of August amounted to $1,866,239, including $1,318.134 from the Nanking-Shanghal line and $550,105 from the Shanghai- Hangchow-Ningpo line.

Of the receipts of the Nanking- Shanghai Railway, $941,312 were from passenger fares. $319,430 from freight and $55,392 from miscellaneous sources. The total earning of the Shanghai-Hang- chow-Ningpa Railway included

THE AUTOMOBILE

INDUSTRY

"New Economic

"Cars

Kobe, Oct. 20. With a view to establishing a national policy on the motor car industry, the Department of Com merce and Industry, the War De- partment and the other Depart- ments concerned appointed a special committee several months ago. When the special committee mot in August, a sub-committee was formed so as to elaborate a disft plan, and now that this sub-committee has finished its work, the special committee is to resume its s'ttings next week.

According to the basic plan: drafted by the sub-committee. anyone assembling motor cars or manufacturing car parts on

commercial basis will be called. on to obtain official permission. The Government is to order authorised manufacturers to build Etandard cars called "new econo- mic cars," granting a State sub- sidy. Import duties on motor car parts are to be raised If necessary. The sub-committee points out the need of the new standard cars, being patronised by Government oices and public organisations.

The Truth

A teacher set her pupils to write a short essay on Language, and one boy wrote the following:-

“Good language is what we usS at home and at school, but among ourselves we generally use

bad langu

$337,677 from passenger

fares, $208,030 from freight and $4,398 from miscellaneous sources.

Compared with the correspon- cing month last year, the figures of the Nanking-Shanghai ne show an increase of 37.91 per cent. and those of the Shanghai-Hang- chow-Ningpo line 4.64 per cent.

According to another report of the Railway Administrations, the rental from land along the two lines for the month of July total- Ted $32,000, including $16,145 from.. the Nanking-Shanghai line' and, $15,855 from the Shanghai-Hang- chow-Ningpo line. For the month of August the amount was $19,568 with the Nanking-Shanghai con- tribution $9146 and the Shanghai- Hangchow-Ningpo line $10,422.-

NATIONAL WATER CONSERVANCY BOARD

Nanking, Sept. 30. Early Inauguration of the Na- tional Water Conservancy Com.. mission to centralize control of all river conservancy matters in. the country is announced following the decls'on of the National- Economic Council to establish the organ

A set of Regulations governing the organization of the Commis- son was announced by the N. E. C. yesterday, and will come into force upon the approval of the National Government.

With regard to the personnel of the Commission. it is learnt that the Council has decided to invite over ten prominent persons to serve on the Commission, includ- ing Dr. H. H., Kung, Mr. Li I-chin. Dr. C. T. Wang, Mr. Chen Kuo- fu (Acting Chairman of the Huai River Conservancy Board), Dr. Chu Chia-hua. and General Huang Shao-hsiung, with Dr. Kung as Chairman. It is under- stood that Messrs. Li Ichih (Chairman of the Yellow River" Conservancy Board) and King Halang-yung (of the Yellow River Flood Relief Commission) will be appointed members of the Stand- ing Committee of the Commits sion.

MUNITION'S TRADE

BOOM

20 Per Cent. Increase In Pig. Iron Production

The Japan Iron Manufacturing Company closed its accounts for the first half of its business" year at the end of September.

According to an interim report just published, its production during the period showed an increase of approximately 20 per cent. in pig iron and 15 per cent. in steel material in comparison with the corresponding period of last year. This increase was trade boom, it is explained. caused largely by the munitions

Principal production particulars for the period under review are as follows (in thousand tons):

Works

Steel Steel' Fig iron ingots Material Yawata...671.. 819.' Rinzal Kamaisht 128

91 Bust Kanjiho _103

918

Man' Dates

616

710)

"Excellent! You've kept your appointment right on the cot!" he exclaimed as they met on the campus.

"I certainly did," she replied "30 you see, certain nations have nothing on me, have they??

"You mean--for promptness?" he inquire

"Certainly. You see I always keep, my mandates”.

The Engineering Aspect

OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGES

of to

The intrusion of earthquakes into human affairs must have long been attributed to those impressive occasions "When the stars twinkle through the loops of time," so that the study of the... nature of these disturbances has naturally attracted the attention of philosophers in many ages. Seneca tells us that in his youth he had already written a treatise on earthquakes (“Aliquando des motu terrarum volumen juvenis ediderim") and it is to be regrett- ed that this work by the tutor of Nero has not come down to later ages. There is little doubt that something more than mere specu- lation arose from the observationa of these early philosophers, since .in the "De divinatione" Cicero reference 13 made Fherecydes, "that famous Pytha- gorean master, who predicted an earthquake when he saw that the water had disappeared from a well which usually was Alled." Our knowledge of the subject has advanced far from the position, It occupied in those distant daya, and the present science of sels- mology may be said to have com- menced with the pioneer work of our own J. Milne, some fifty years 480. In the interval, a number of geophysicists and geologists have devoted themselves to the matter under consideration, with the result that our knowledge of the internal structure of the earth forms the basis of a well- defined study.

The Field Differs

The broad aim of the seismolo- gist is that of obtaining data such as will enable him to study the formation and constitution of the earth, for which purpose the re- cording of distant earthquakes. affords an excellent means of Investigation. On the other hand, the data which mainly interests engineers cannot easily be derived from records taken with the deli- cate selsomograph used in geo-

physical work on the transmission of

the related stress-waves originating at a distant source, since the destructive effect on buildings is more or less localized near the origin of the disturbance. Thus the field of inquiry differs, and it is only within recent years that adequate attention has been given to the engineering aspect of the problem," in respect to which the intensive work of the late Dr. K. Suyehiro, who occu- pied the position of Director of the Earthquake Institute. of Japan, ensures that his name will always be associated with the best traditions of the application of scientific methods to the study of this phenomenon. Engineers are also under an obligation to the late Mr. J. R. Freeman, Past- President of the American Society of Civil Engineers, for his com prehensive volume entitled “Ear- thquake Damage and Earthquake Insurance," since, it is the result of a detailed study carried out in various countries during course of many years.

Intense Shock

the

The introduction of the effects of these disturbances inte pro- blems of structural design natur- ally involves the determination of the period of oscillation of a proposed structure and at the same time, the use of such con- structional methods as will ensure that synchronism between the periods of the building and the assumed disturbing force is an improbable contingency. For ob- vious reasons, careful attention should be given to all questions connected with resonarice, "but this is not the only matter which enters into the problem, since study of a number of earthquakes, of various interisities, suggests that the most important charac- teristics include the magnitude of the acceleration, the period asso- ciated with the tremor, and the duration and number of shocks that cause appreciable damage.

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