1933-06-03 — Page 2

IMPROVED TRANS- PORT IN SHANTUNG

160 MILE ROAD NEARLY

READY

i

YOUNG ENGINEERS

DUNLOPS SCHEME OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. SATURDAY, JUNE 3, 1933

ENGINEERING AND BUILDING

INSULATING MATERIALS

SPECIAL VARNISHES AND ENAMELS

er admitting of the ingress of moisture or othor deleterious inj fluences. Even then the compact

The Impregnating Process. This is effected in two ways, (1) by simple dipping and (2) by a

SINGAPORE'S CITY STORSTROM BRIDGE

LIGHTS

FROM COCONUT OIL TO ELECTRICITY

DORMAN LONG GET DANISH CONTRACT

With reference to the provision-

announce

anca.

Dow

Some forty young workers in the engineering departments of Messrs. The Dunlop Rubber Company, Limited, Fort Dunlop, Erdington, Birmingham, are now attending, The Weihsien-Taiorhehwang high- during normal working hours, is classes in one or other of the local way, in southern Shantung, nearing completion, and will be technical schools. The time taken opened for traffic this month when up is paid for by the Company,.

The property of conductance has again classic researches laid the the last two bridges are finished, on the condition that the youths, At a recent meeting of the Shan whose ages range from 18. to 20,

Government it also attend College for one or two been explored on a most extensive foundation stone for the study of we decided to authorise the Pro- evenings a week in their own time. scale u electrical industry, and the physics of the problem and laid tung Provincial vincial Department of Reconstrue- Similar facilities are granted to classic researches have made fa- down standards for" the guidance combination of vacuum and presments have been the improved structed over the Storstrommen is tion to purchase ten motorbuses youths in the rubber manufactur- meus the men who were inspired to of those whose first concern would to be used on this road. Motoring departments, who are allowed conduct them. The same, however, be in this direction.

view of the large quantities which must be employed the matter of traffic will bring Weihsion within time off, on the same conditions, can hardly be said of the proper

to attend classes in rubbechnol. ties of insulating materials.

In the first place this may have cost is of considerable importance, one day of Taierfchwang,

ogy at Aston. Technical College, This new highway is approxim. Birmingham. A record kept of been due to the fact that they do the more urgent item is that of

composition which ately 160 miles long, and traverses all employees who attend evening not come within the simple range resistance to electrical stress. an area in southern Shantung pre classes and, if the report received of chemical

at the end of the session is good, characterises conductors. Not only viously devoid of modern means of communications. With existing the class fees are refunded, and, are they numerous, but their ehe onnections with other highwaws, in some cases, small cash awards micul nature, methods af produce tion and application are so widely the art mads. Larger awards

mail to those successful in the divergent that they could not at Their great importance came on- B.Sc. examination in science and once be reduced to simple terms.

ly to be recognised much later, and engineering, or in other recognis ed examinations.

this new Joad will bring Kiangsu border (at Talerhehwang) nearer to Chefoo, on the northern Shantung past, by reducing the rail journey ond day.

are

BE SATISFIED"

INSTALL A

Westinghouse

THE ONLY DUAL AUTOMATIC REFRIGERATOR -

W

WESTINGHOUSA KLECTRIC

GUARANTEED FOR

4 YEARS.

REISS MASSEY & Co., LTD.

7, Queen's Road Central, Hongkong and Shameen, Canton,

For Constructural Work of Every

Description

Use Green Island Cement

TWO REFLEX TYPE ROTARY KILNS HAVING AN OVER ALL

LENGTH

OF 254 FEET, THESE KILNS ARE USED TO

MANUFACTURE GREEN ISLAND. CEMENT.

Issued by the

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD.

2ND FLOOR

EXCHANGE BUILDING

While in

"desired.

time it will form part of the im

Modern Singapore can boast of al contract given to Dorman Long - ness of the windings and also their (being one of the best-lighted cities & Co., Ltd. some months ago for depth make it specially imperative in the whole of the East. Both the construction of the Storstrom that every recourse must be taken gas and electricity play their Bridge in Denmark, Dorman Long

that they bave enormous sum is to ensure the required degree of part, and an penetration by the varnish.

spent every year by the Munici agreed all the dataila of the con- pality in maintaining and im tract with the Danish Government throughout the municipal area.

the lighting facilities and the work will be started at proving

The Bridge which is to be con- Two of the most recent develop- In the former method, which is lighting of the East Coast Road to be a combined Railway and by far the more simple and into Bedok and the West Coast Road Highway Bridge which will con as far as Buona Viets village, nect the largest of the Danish Is volves little special apparatus, the while the lighting of Grove Roadlands, Sealand, with the important coila, are first heated in the drying and the roads closer to the centre, Southern Danish Islands of Fals- to 110 deg. C, and while hot" in- oven to a temperature of from 100 of the town leaves nothing to bater and Lolland, and at the same In most electrical appliances mersed in the selected varnish. In there are at least three important each stage discretion, gained by ex- materials concerned. Any improperience, must be exercised in 07- vement which can be effected in der to ensure completion in the one has beneficial effect on the drying stage by reason of the size

of the whole apparatus.

latter stage to ensure complete others, and generally on the design and depth of the coils, and in the !. Improved insulating properties penetration of the varnish into the mean reduced thickness and quan- deepest recesses of the windings. tities of materials in addition to

Subsequently, draining suffices the labour in its application. The to remove excess of varnish, after reduced crosS section of the in which the important process of sulated condutor has further good drying and hardening has to be effects which reflect themselves in carried out. In some cases it might reduced dimensions for the same suffice for the heat stored up dur amount of power dealt with and ing drying to effect the hardening ultimate saving of cost with in-process, but this cannot be regard creased efficiency.

ed as safe practice.

Thermal properties, too, come into prominent play. Some mate rials are obviously required for comparatively low temperatures, while others will be called upon to withstand appreciable rise of temperature without appreciable loss of mechanical and electrical eficiency.

Materials Available.

It will, however, be appreciated that such a dipping process can hardly be applied with certainly

in

The streets of Singapore have al-portant continental route attach. ? ways been lighted. In 1824, the ing Copenhagen and the Danish year of the historic treaty between State Railway network with the Stamford Raffles, and the Sultan main fines of the European Con- island, the lighting was by oil longitude of about "two miles, ao of Jehere for the ceding of the timent. The Bridge will have a

amps which burned coconut or becoming the longest bridge animal oil. But it was not a very Europe, It will be constructed us efficient system of lighting in those a high level Bridge with a naviga about eighty-five streets tion clearance days, and even in those where there were lampe there were feet over the sea level. frequent cases of hold up stabbing affraya.

and

About 30,000 tons of steel will be. used, all to be manufactured in the Old Singapore was a somewhat Company's Works at Middles

dark lawless

and brough, the largest portion of this place, and streete aided the lax tonnage being of Dorman "Long's "Chromador" high tensile steel the adoption of which has considerably lowered the cost of the The cost will be approximately

gloomy breakers.

Gas Used in 1884.

пет

That being the only known sys-bridge. tem of lighting in those days, how-

to any considerable depth of coils, ever, the conditions had to be en-£1,600,000 and it is expected that and satisfactory impregnation can dured for a great many years, al- the bridge will take 4 years to com-

though improvements were con-plete. only go down a comparatively few layers. Hence the considerable ap- stantly carried out, and it was not plication of what can be called the until 1864 that gas came into use. vaccum and pressure process.

2,000-MILE MOTOR 'BUS SERVICE

SINKIANG MERCHANTS

Then the Bingapore Gas Com- In this method the moisture is

pany, a company which was form- got rid of by heating either in a ed in London and administered A very wide array of substances separate oven or preferably in the from there, laid mains in most of present various combinations of de-impregnating chamber by the ap- the principal streets and gave Sin- a reduced pressure, gappro gas lamps in the streets for sirable properties for the choice of plication of

facilitating the the first time on May 24, 1804-the

ENTERPRISE the electrical engineer. While the this obviously primary requirement is that of re-evaporation and therefore more birthday anniversary of Queen Vic- sistance to electric stress, other perfect removal of the moisture.toria. It is recorded in one of the

Organization of the Sinkiang- of considerable im- When this drying process is com- standard books of Singapore his

Company is plete the varnish is at once ad-

trial saw gas lamps in the streets they nearing completion, and a mitted into the chamber until the tory that when the natives first Suiyuan Omnibus

ware completely mystified, and run on the highway between these coils are completely submerged.

Hardening,

would touch the post gingerly in two provinces is expected to be the expectation of finding it hot.made shortly, The enterprise is Considerable importance, now at taches to the final operation of Fire coming out of the top of a promoted by Sinking merchants hardening, which combines two or post was a new one on them! three processes, viz., evaporation

Municipal Control. of the solvent, oxidation of the varnish components, and

trial work,

ag,

for

2

►

some-

Four years after the gas com- times the polymerisation of some pany was founded and commenced of the constituents. Wherever such operations, petroleum oil was drying and oxidation are concern brought to Singapore for the first

residing in their own native pro- vince and in Tientsin, whose aim is to assist in the development of the Northwest by establishing bet ter communications,

The company will run regular services between Paotow the pre

factors are "portance.

mechanical These include strength, especially in those ap. pliances which are to be subject to considerable vibration, example, in traction work. Of im portance, too, are the heat con ductance and resistance to the ruinous action of oils, acids, mais ture; and other influences normal ly met in the general run of indus- These materials include cotton and silk. These, are, however, ed it is obvious that the surface time and used for lighting. A Mr. sent terminus of the Peiping-Gui- somewhat groscopic, and there is first attacked, and in a badly W. H. Read was the first Singa yuan Railway in Suiyuan, and fore suitable for only relatively designed opération such surface porean to have a petroleum oil Tibus, Sinkiang. provincial capi low voltages. With silk the su hardening inay result in the re- lamp in his home, and he had total, across the provinces of Ning- perior insulation admits of the use tention of either solvent or mois have the oil, specially sent from haia and Kausu, a distance of more of thinner layers with the accom ture,

Batavia, until its importation be than 2,000 miles. panying saving of bulk in the

This difficulty is surmounted by came a regular trade. eavered conductor. Such materials the second application of a redu In the early years of the gas com may be impregnated or used with-

ed pressure to facilitate the re-pany oil lamps proved something out impregnation.

moval of the solvent before sur of a serious rival, but after a time Where higher temperatures are face hardening takes place. concerned mica and asbestos are available, the former with the adaptability due to the thinness of the sheets which can be used and the latter with the variety of forma io which this naturally fibrous

j

substance can be worked. For very

Other solid materials applicable for terminals and switchgear in clude the natural materiale slate and marble, while the various forms of the artificial product

At present, the highway reaches

as far as Suchow, western Kansu, which means that the project of the company will not be complete- their business began to develop, ly realized until this road is ex- Alternatively it will be appra and the gas works at Rochors be- tended to Hami, Sinkiang, whence ciated that wire and strap may came one of the most important in there is another road leading to be impregnated before winding dustrial concerns in the town. Thus, This is a simple process involving They carried on for 38 years, un- passing the wire from a drum til in 1901 an agreement was en- through the varnish after drying: tered into with the Municipality

but here, there is not quite the whereby the company went out of gement continued, and it is gen- special purposes both porcelain and same chance of thorough impreg-existence and the gas works became erally considered that it was large- Was such a profitable quartz have their more limited apnation as with the vaccum and a municipal department at a costly due to the fact that the gas de. · plication.

pressure process. Where this pre to the ratepayer of 841,420. Since Partment

thorities showed such reluctance to treatment is adopted, however, then the works have been consider proposition that the municipal au- further layers of varnish can be ably extended and enlarged. applied by hand during the wind

develop the municipal electricity

ing process.

department.

They did, eventually, and in 1997 the power station at St. James was completed, and was opened officially by His Excellency the Governor in November of that year. Nowadays the majority of private houses have electric light- ing, and the annual consumption of current is close on twenty mil- lion units.

Today gas is ased mainly for street lighting and cooking and It will further be obvious that heating in private houses. For or bakelite offer a wide variety of work which comes in for this met dinary lighting purposes its place uses. Mention may also be made hod of insulation many different has been usurped by electricity." of the various oils used in the pro types of va ishes and enamels cesses of impregnation and also

must be required, and these call those which serve the very defnite for specialised manufacture in or purpose in transformers."

Insulating Varnishes.

"For many classes of electrical machinery insulation is applied in the form of a varnish covering to the different types of windings. Their choice and methods of ap plication are both wide and dif. ferent.

Usually the best conditione for their application are laid down by the manufacturer, though the elec trical engineer 2000 gains confl- dent knowledge of the most suit- Able conditions for the particular jobs which he may have on hand.

Whatever method of application 1 adopted there is the first essen tial in the absence of moisture. Unless, very special methods of im pregnation are employed there is the possibility of moisture being trapped in the insulating mate rial, and this must sooner or later lead to breakdown with consequent cost of re-insulation and loss of time.

The whole process thus involves usually two beating operations, the first to ensure the thorough drying of the winding prior to impregna tion, and the second to dry off and harden the varnish. The construc tion of suitable ovens, therefore, involves the allowance of adequate air motion to carry off the mois- ture in the former case or the evaporated solvent in the latter.

The importance of the former is evidenced by the fact that varia- tions in air supply affect the time of drying, and this characteristic is of considerable importance,

It will be equally obvious that the methods, of application must be such as ensures complete free- dom from moisture and solid par ticles which would occasion dis- continuitice in the insulating lay-

Electricity,

It was in 1906 that electrie light der to embody the most desirable ing was first used in Singapore. properties for the different classes The Singapore Electric Tramway uf work. Prominent manufactur company entered into an agree ers are, however, able to meet the ment with the Municipality to sup- required nexts with compositions ply electric current in bulk, the conforming to existing British municipality being granted standards, thus guaranteeing, with monopoly right of retail to the

*terontinued" on" nest. columns » equally careful application, sqund consumer. For years this arran- insulation.

the

Electricity for street lighting is a sign of the times; and it is districts of Singapore. The older found in all the newly developed parts of the town still have gas.

Shanks SANITARY WARE

&

CO

LTD

BARRHEAD SCOTLAND

MODERN SANITARY

EARTHENWARE APPLIANCES IN WHITE & COLOUR

THE JARDINE ENGINEERING CORPORATION, LD.

14, PEDDER ST.

rporated under the Companies" Ordinances of Hongkong)

SOLE ACENTS

CANTON,

dr