1933-02-09 — Page 2

Page

WIRELESS AT SEA

DIRECTION FINDING FOR

PASSENGER SHIPS

The new statutory Wireless Tele- graphy Rules, which came into force On January 1, 1033,-havo been pub lished. The Rules efabody the wire- lees telegraphy requirements of the International Convention for Safety

of Life at Sea, 1029.

PROBING RADIO MYSTERIES

CLUE FOUND TO "FADING" NUISANCE

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1933.

BROADCASTING'S BIG FIGURES

POTENTIAL AUDIENCE “OF 138,000,000

to population Denmark stood first with 13.4 par cente

ipecially, in these where the system had been supplied with funds through the Governmental collee tion of licence revenue and at the same time been invested with a wide independence of management within the terms of charters.

*

Discussing the success achieved, the lecturer suggested that a fair mesaure of success could be defined as one based on a combination af cultural, technical, and financial tests; that the system which had passed most sccessfully theso com- The progress of broadcasting was bined testa were those of Denmark The day when the wireless en-dealt with by Mr. & G. D. Live- and Gront Britain; and that it gineer will be able by consultinging, director of the North Regional could be fairly assumed that broad- series of tables to tell with what atation of the British Broadcasting casting had been most successful in atrength any given transmission Corporation, in an address given to countries which had adopted will be received in any part of the the members of the Manchester system of public utility service set Statistical Society recently. up. Act of Parliamrut and, more world is foreseen in the annual re

Figures issued by the Interna- part of the Radio Research Board,

tional Broadcasting Union at issued accently by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Re Geneva! last April, Mr. Liveing said, contained an estimate that the search (H. M. Stationery Oflice, 28.

homes then equipped with wireless net).

numbered approximately 31,500,000, representing & potential audience of 139,000,000. The United States had computed estimate of 12,078,345

To indicate the increasing im installations. In Europe the lar gest numbers of licensed listeners were in Great Britain. Germany, portance of broadcasting to the Sweden, Holland, Denmark, Czecho-national exchequer Mr. Liveing Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, and produced a table of the approxi It has long been recognised that Italy Great Britain beaded themate revenus of the last six years, wireless waves are reflected round list of European nations in the to-This showed that the approximate the earth by electrically charged tal af licences in April,. with gross income had increased from layers in the upper atmosphere. 1,821,436. Germany came next with £1,102,000 in 1997 to about £8,500,000 The crucial step is now being made, 4,119,531 No other Europena coun- this year, Of that income the share it is revealed, of attempting to extries had yet reached the 1,000,000 of the B. B. C. rose from £901,000 terms of a mark. In proportion of listeners in 1927 to £1,300,000 this year and that of the Post Office (£250,000) press this effect in

and Traneury (£944,000) mathematical formula.

£1,104,000. Thus the gross income from licences had been more than

owing

the doubled and, grednated systems of extra payments for each million of licences, the share of the Treasury quadrupled.

Under the new rules the ships which must be equipped with wife less telegraphy remain unaltered, that is, all seagoing passenger ships, irrespective of their tonnage, and full seagoing enrzo ships of 1,000

tona gress and upwards Generally, The repart emphasises that what the nature of the installation to be were formerly separate researches fittou will also be the same as been such subjects as wireless direc. fore, but an important new obligation finding for hips, the study of tion is the requirement to fit a atmospherics for the brattenst is direction-finding apparatus in all tener, and the electrical state of passenger ships of 5,000 tons gross the upper atmosphere for long-dis- and upwards before January 1, 1963. tance services, are now being, woven

The classification of ships for the into a single fabric, purpose of wireless watchkeeping at sea for safety purposes has been revised and is now based on the gross tonnage of the ship instead of on the number of persons, on Penger ships of 3,000 tong gross and over, and cargo ships of over 5,500 tons gross, must keep continuous watch. Passenger ships under 3,000 tona gross and enrgo This formula is to be evaluated ships of between 3,000 and 5,500 metically for typical cases, and tons gross must keep a total watch the results, together with records of not less than eight hours a day of the position of the reflecting in four specified two-hourly layers. Will enable wireless en periods, and cargo ships of betweengineers for the first time to make 1,800 and 3,000 tons gross are reaccurate and detailed predictions, quired to keep a watch of not less To obtain the necessary formula than six hours a day, composed of" jaba" of energy, each lasting one two periods of two hours and two five-thousandth of a second, are periods of one hours cäch at speci-being shot vertically upwards, and hed times. In the case of ships the time interval before the energy fitted with auto-alanins the rules returns to a point near the trans only require that the operator shall mitting station is measured. be on watch for four specified half- hourly periods each day,

board.

Qualified Operators,

Energy Split.

titude.

Increasing Importance of -Broadcasting.

ין

to

It to the figures were added the income tax payable by the Corpora tion the income, roughly speaking, would be halved this year between the Corporation and the Post Office and Treasury. In future years the Government's share was likely to be the larger. The scounts for last year showed that approximately half of the income of £1,425,345 was spent on programmes.

For some time, under Professor Appleton's direction, one section of the physics research carried on in the college has been especially devoted to investigating the proper ties of the Heaviside and Appleton layers, particularly in relation to the practical problems of wireless transmission. But an almoet in superable difficulty in conducting these investigations has been the effect upon the necessarily delicate recording instruments of the electri- cal disturbance caused by traffic One result which has been obtain and machinery. In fact it has been ed is that the "jaba" of energy possible to make useful observations aro split in two during their in the colloge only during the re An analysis of the programmes double journey through the air, and latively quiet period between mid during 1931 from Daventry Nation- In the new at and London Regional showed One qualified operator must be return to the ground at measurably night and sunrise.

This has been laboratorian, however, it will be pos- that in the National programme carried all ships to which the different times. rules apply; and in the case of found to be connected with fading.ible to make observations con-service, the greatest amount of time ships required to keep continuous The Board records the production tinuously over the 24 hours.

Es given to light music which oc Besides wireless research it is in-cupied approximately 22 per cent, watch

additional operators (or of wave-lengths of as low as a few watchers possessing the new contimetres (1 cm. equals 4 inch),tended that the laboratory should while serious music pccupied ap standard of qualificationa laid down and their reception at a distance work closely in collaboration with proximately 10 per cent. News and by the Safety Convention) must be of 75 feet without the use of special the physical laboratory of the West-running commentaries occupied 10 carried unless the ship is fitted radiating or receiving systems. It minster Hospital Annexe at Hamp per cent, school and adult education with an auto-alarm, and takes ndis proposed to study the application stead, which is an institution ex- 8 per cent, talks a per cent, chil- the radium dren's hour 6 per cent, and re- vantage of the provision of the rules of suitable aerial systems and to clusively devoted to

treatment of cancer. Under the ligious services 51 per cent. On the which allows continuous watch to attempt longer, transmissions. be kept by one certificated opera Finally, it is disclosed that a supervision of Dr. H. T. Flint, the Regional, light music occupied ap tor and an auto-alarm, provided the timing fork. maintained in con- Reader in Physios at King's Colproximately 40 per cent. of the latter is in effective aperation when-tianous vibration by electrical lege, who is also consulting physicist time, serious music 10 per cent, ever watch by human agency is not means, can improve on even the to the Annexe, it is hoped to ex-news and running commentaries 6 being kept. In the case of ships rebest of astronomical clocks for the tend the work already in progres per cent, religious services 4 per quired to keep continuous watch, necurate keeping of time.

on the physical problems arising in cent, variety 3 per cent, and talks which are not fitted with an auto- "It is an interesting fact," atates connection with the standardization and educational features about 4 alarm, the rules require two opera the report, that the slight earth of radium dosage.

per cent. tom (of whom one may be subs-quake experienced in the south-east titated by a watcher), if the ship's of England on Jucie 7,1932, caused hours"nt sen are between 8 and 48, and three operators (of whain up to two may be substituted by watchers), if the hours at sea ex- ceed 48.

י

a small change in rate of the pen- HAVE YOU HEARD THESE? dulum clock. while the tuning fork was unaffected by the shock."

RADIO RESEARCH

It is hoped that a permanent standard will result which will be The old system of grading wire.accurate to one part in a hundred

million. less operators according to their length of service has been abolish- ed, but the chief or sole operator in all passenger ships and also in cargo ships of 3,000 tons gross or over must have had at least three month's service at sea as an opera Lor. The requirements of the rules as to operators and watchers do not affect the provisions as to the mun ber or qualifications of operators or watchers which may be applicable in any particular case in pursuance of the International Radio-tele graph.Convention and Regulations

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NEW LABORATORIES AT HAMPSTEAD

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By the generosity of the Halicy Stewart Trust, King's College, Lon- don, is to be provided with new laboratories at 30, Chesterford Gar- dens, Hampstead, under the name of the Halley Stewart Laboratories of Physics Research. They will afford timely and much-needed facilities for the investigations an radio transmission and radio ac tivity, which are at present the special activities of one section of the Physics Department of the Collage.

Here are Iláts of long-wavE and short-wave stations which should be picked up by anyone in Hong Kong who has a mods. rately good ast suitable for re- ceiving such signals. Success in picking up these stations also depends very largely upon fav. ourable atmospheric conditions. Readers are invited to add to this list should they succeed in picking up any station not in cluded in either of these lista.

50. 48.

The site is remarkably free from electrical disturbance, and "owing, to its position on a hill is excep- tionally well suited for experimenta in connexion with wireless transmis 67.65 elon. The building contains three 00.12 large and well-equipped labora-567 lories, together with rooms adapt- tble as a workshop and working || 496-- library respectively. The upper 41,3 · storeys will be used as a residence 88.8 for the Professor of Physics, 36.2 arrangement which will greatly facilitate the carrying out of coni- tinuous observations of a protract- ed character.

LONG-WAVE STATIONS.

WAVE length

Call Kilo (Metres) Station Sign cycle.

260 Manila

EZLB. 1,153 277 Shanghaj

K.B.M.B. 1,083 345. Tokyo J.O.A.K. 870.

850 353 Hiroshima J.O.F.K

848 358 Hong Kong Z.B.W. 357.1 Bombay Y.U.B. 840 361 Sapporo J.O.L.K. 8:30

J.O.D.K. 360 Keijo

000 7.0.C.K. ·810 V.U.C. 809.0

370 Nagoya .370.4 Calcutta

380 Kumamoto J.0.G.K. 750 J.O.HX, 770

.390 Bendai

395 Dairen

400 Oaks 410 Canton 460 Manila

SHORT-WAVE STATIONS.

STATION

| Calz Bier

A.F.K

Dobinta (Germany) Khabarovsk (Russia) B.A.97.

Nausaw

Mosco

Home Korth

B.F.N.

L.M.A.

04.0.

V.8.1.4.3.

81.55 31.48 81.20

(Holland) PC.L Bangkok (Siam) Sydney Melbourne

HSAPJ. 2.BL. 8.1.0. WAXAF

81.28

The occupation of these premises, 31. the cost of some necessary recon- 28.5 struction, and a grant towards the 27.8 annual cost of maintenance consti- 25.58 tute a most generous benefaction to the college. They will also remove

·2,45′′

23.85

an obstacio po an important series 23,88

e

·18.98'

of special juvestigations, and is 28,4 directly benefit the progress of 17.6 physical science,

It is common knowledge that long|16

118,74 distance wireless communication is 155 paly rendered: possible because, the waves sent out encounter in the up- per atmospherea electrical stratum, known as the Heaviside layer, which prevents their die persal into space and reflects them back to earth. Investigations car. |ried out by Professor E. V. Ap pleton, FR. 8, the Wheatstone Professor of Phyths & King's Cole on behalf of the Radio rch Board of the Department;

Schenectady Eladhoven (Holland) P.C.J Sydney Nairobi (Kenya)

2.B.C. 7.1.0. *.M.E. PLE

England) | 6.8.W..

Schenectady

W.2.1.0. Bazdoong

PLO Tootwijk (Holland) P.CL

•Bandoeng

P.L.F. H8.1.P.J Bangkok wwwijk (Holland) Par

=| Bandosi g

Nancy (France)

Pittsburg

PLE

WALK

Кто

Orezan

J.Q.A.K. 760 J.O.B.X. 760 G.M.B. 720 K.Z.R.M. 695

To (Howe Kore)

DF. WORKING

4,434 Mon., Wed, & Fri., 6 p.m. & 2 x 38

4,990 | 610 p.m.

6,291 Not regalar

6,000 Tues, Thurs., Bat, 8.p.m.

6,806 Sunday midnight

7,149 Daily 6.80 p.m. “à ̧11 p.m.

7,810 Not regular

Daily. 11. p.m

8.108 T, & F9pm.1 2.00.

9,230 Not

kna 1

2,508 | Not

9,580 Daily

9,620 Fri, 8 am, Sat. § am. & 10 a.m.

0,550 Not regularl

9,077 Midnight daily....

10,526 Not regular Da

Midnight-3 a.m. daily

7.30 p.m. & Xam, dally, szospě

Saturday and Sunday

12,340 Nightly!

13,850 4 Lm Wed, Fri., Bat

16,10% Daily 6.80 p.m. to midnight 18,804 Daily 7 pm

17.280 Daily & pm to midnight. 177761 Sundays? p.m.

(midnight 118,604 ||Bash diversoen. ∙19.00 Daily Badust plan.

19,351.Daily-JAN- 21,540 | Not regular

(Allowanes must be made, for snimar-time, *pean countries, which is one hour abɛnd ot

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FOR THE YEAR

1933

CHRISICLE

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