1931-06-06 — Page 2

Use Green Island Cement

for

Constructural Work of Every Description.

HOW GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE

Green Island Cement is manufactured from hard limestone and clay. It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with one another in the burning process.

The finely pulverised materials are mixed in a certain definite proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and aro-fed to the Rotary Kilne.

In these kilns they meet the hot gases and flames generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilns, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker.

The Olinker is ground down with a small percentage of gypsum to regulate the setting time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.

Although sounding so simple, in reality the' process is an intricate combination of mechanical, physical and chemical operations, needing great skill and care. Nothing but constant and accurate supervision will yield the results sp well-known with Green Island Cement, namely, strength, uniformity and reliability.

USE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT

Issued by the

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD.

2ND FLOOR,

EXCHANGE BUILDING.

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

OF OUTSTANDING CHARACTER

THE NEW TYNE BRIDGE, NEWCASTLE

The Arch has a span of 531 feet and contains. 4,000 tons of Steel. The approaches contain a like amount. Owing to the methods of erec- tion adopted, both road and river traffic beneath the bridge were uninterrupted throughout the work.

Manufactured and Erected by

DORMAN, LONG & CO., LTD.

“STRELMAKERS, CONSTRUCTIONAL ENGINEERS AND

BRIEGE BUILDERS. IDDLESBROUGH AND LONDON.

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JUNE 6, 1931.

ENGINEERING AND BUILDING

ELECTRIFYING BRITAIN'S RAILWAYS.

WEIR REPORT: PROFITABLE EXPENDITURE OF £400,000,000;

HUGÉ SCHEME WITH MANY BENEFITS.

50,000 Miles,

of

THE DORCHESTER.

LONDON'S NEW HOTEL.

MARINE STEAM MACHINERY.

EXHAUST TURBINE COM-

BINATION DRIVES."

SCIENCE IN BANK BUILDING.

WESTMINSTER'S NEW HEADQUARTERS:

The third portion of the extended site is still in the builders' hands. The whole reconstruction has been carried on without transfer or in- terruption of business."

The value of compromise in The extent to which modern marine engineering practice in banking draws on science and in- securing high overall efficiency is vention for the attainment of well illustrated by the large num-security, eficiency, and healthy Experienced travellers who were ber of exhaust turbine equipments | conditions is revealed in the new prosent at the recent opening of fitted to steam reciprocating augine headquarters of the Westminster the new luxury Hotel, the Dorches marine, machinery installations in Bank in Lothbury... ter, in Park Lane, Londen, declar-order that the expansive property ed that, from the points of view of of steam may be used to the fullest comfort and decoration, they had extent.

In one system of this type, the scen nothing to equal it. It is eer- tainly the finest and best equipped Banor-Wach, which has come into hotel in Great Britain. Its general extensive use, the turning is coupled When completed the main ball for effect is one of refined luxury, through double reduction mechan public use will cover nearly half an. Describing the public rooms, The ical gearing to the propeller shaft, acre, and the rest of the building Times declares that all the details and a hydraulió. coupling is inter-will be in proportion. throughout are carefully designed posed between the first and second An interesting feature is the to give the maximum of richness train of gears to reconcile the automatic gate which opens and with the minimum feeling of aggres-uniform turning moment of the closes the main entrance. Twenty of the reciprocating engine. The and weighing, with its carrier, about sion," so that the general effect is turbine with the irregular torque feet wide and fifteen feet high, and

the exhaust steam by passed to the condenser direct during manoeuvring and in astern running, so that the

manners."

The completo electrification of its magnitude unique in the history the railway system of Great Bri- of world enterprise, but point to tain is discussed by the Lord Weir the fact that £500,000,000 has been Committee, whose report was issued spent on the roads in the past ten last month. The Committee's con-years and that the expenditure is

rate at the clusion is that the schema is both continuing feasible and desirable and that the £60,000,000 a year. capital spent would yields hand- some revenue. The total expen

The figure of £261,000,000 is based dituro, which it is contemplated

on the electrification of the whole would be spread over fiftoon or

ateam operated mileage of the coun- twenty years, would approach £400,000,000. The railways would try, b1,500 track miles of running have to spend £261,000,000 and the track and sidings, and would be that of luxury being taught. good hydraulia coupling is emptied and five. tons, it sinks to its own depth

reduced by the elimination of

through the two basement floors, liko an inverted portcallis... lightly loaded branch and other lines which it would probably bo found more economical to continue and every conceivable type of room,

Waterproof Foundation." shop, and department which can

Like other deeply-founded build. with steam or other haulage.

possibly be of service to visitors. alternative systems of exhaustings, the Westminster Bank has The Committee point out that the The ceiling of the ground door is turbine combination drive will always had to cope with undor- yield the railway companies 7 per schome, quite apart from its affect three feet thick, a block of concrete shortly be put in service. While both ground water, and this used to take cent on their capital, while the on the railway system, would react

weighing four thousand tons. employ mechanical reduction gear several hours of hand labour a day £45,000,000 for suburban lines would most farcurably on the cost of elec entire building is on a solid con- ing to transmit the power of the to pump out The architects, yield 13 per cent. These calcula-tricity for other purposes, and tions ignore the increased traffic would do much to accelerate rural rete buse and, should it be neces- turbine installation to the engine Messrs. Mowes and Davis, and their likely to be secured and other sub-electrification throughout the county to add, two floors, there would shafting, they show interesting engineers, have now provided the

be no need to build them on the differences in detail from stantial advantages, such as speed, try. comfort, and amenity.

The Committee say that the Acheme if carried out would be in.

Central Electricity Board £30,000,- 000, while the completion of the electrification of suburban lines would cost another £35,000,000. The economies effected by the change over would alone, it is estimated,

#

Thero are three-hundred bed- rooms, each with its own bathroom,

The

turbine is idle during these periods. The first ship installations of two

then

The sheme, it is estimated, would top. All that would be required Baaor-Wach system. provide week for 60,000 for twenty. would be to put jacks under the

The Parsons System. years, while the effect on railway structure and lift the entire build.

The first of these is the Parsons staffs would not be serious.„

ing. For eight weeks the hotel ross

system, fitted in the Constantine at the rate of one floor a week, 4 Line's Kingswood, in which the world's record speed in hotel build-hydraulic coupling of the Bauer-

WHY ELECTRIFICATION HAS BEEN DELAYED.

TRADE DEPRESSION AND ROAD COMPETITION.

feeds

foundations with a waterproof sur round, and have sunk a gear-driven well for over 700ft., which basement store of 37,000 gallons' and another 27,000-gallon rezerve on the roof,

The water thus yielded is so soft, ing It is claimed to be fire-proof, Wach system is replaced by an that it would "eat" the pipes it bomb-proof, and arthquake-proof, elastic friction coupling incor. it were not hardened with lime and The builders further claim that it porated in the primary wheel of the gypsum. There are automatic ar- would be more difficult to demolish gearing. The exhaust from the re-rangements for dealing with surplus than it was to build. All the win-ciproosting engine is diverted to the water in case of foods from outside dows are sound-proof and burglar condenser, direct during reversal, sources. proof. The walls are lined with but the turbine is reversed along cork slabs to give an equable tem- with the reciprocating engine and perature and prevent traffic vibra, then idles in yacuum.. tion. The floors and ceilings are

*2

The main lifta can each buist ore ton at the rate of 450ft. a minute. Immense air-filters, renewed every The other system is that develop-six weeks, clean the air, and in filled with compressed seaweed to ed by Messre. Brown; Boveri, which winter it is heated. Automatic repel noise. The atmosphere of is being fitted for the first time in telephones are installed throughout, every public room in the hotel is the Rotterdam Lloyd steamer The health and comfort of the automatically changed every twelve Blitar. Here the required elasticity in has been considered in the minutes to ensure constant fresh between turbine and engine is secur matter of light. Subaccio marble ed by åtting a spring coupling to air. From both a builders and a decorators point of view the hotel the main gear wheel attachment of walls and pillars modify the day- is a masterly production.

the line shafting. In addition, an light in summer, and bracketed astern turbine is provided to enable floodlights suffuse the electric light, the full advantage of the combina so that on darker days artificial |—

tion' drive to be extended to astern glare is avoided. running and also to facilitate manoeuvring,

Although the first electric Iccomo cheaper than they could produce tive was shown at Berin as long it and fittle, if at all, higher than ago as 1878, it was not until 1904 if it were produced from water that any steam linea in Britain power. Last year the Minisity of were converted to electric traction, Transport appointed a committee Apart from the electrification of, to consider, the problem of main the Underground Railways of Len-line olectrification. The conimittee don, further progress in England was well chosen, consisting of Lord was arrested by discussions as to Weir, the author of the "gird," the best system to adopt. When Sir William McClintock, the well- this was settled by a Government known accountant, and Sir Ralph Committee the war intervened,

Wedgwood, the general manager of the London and North-Eastern Railway. Better still, the railways gave their cordia? co-operation to the inquiry. Two of the companies at the request of the committen ex- amined the cost of applying clee-rise than to fall. tric traction to important sectiona

*

Pen-

Jabour of working out à completo set of fresh time-tables for the pur: pose. These figures were taken as the basis of a detailed calculation of cost by a leading firm of con- sulting engineers, and their con

Other up-to-date features through- on the capital out.ay can be, ob

out the nine floors, especially in the tained. It may be pointed out that in the event of traffic improving.

Considerable progress has been many strong rooms below ground, whether due to the revival of trade mide in the development of electric all show what has been done to or to electrification, the advantages transmission of the power of the provide suitable head offices for the of electrification are proportion exhaust turbine to the propeller administrative sections of a great ately increased Any rise in the shafting, and it is being increasing. Institution, and the other banks cost of coal also tends to favourly employed because of the greater Parr's and the London and County electrification, cach nercase of one flexibility of drive it gives compar--which it now incorporates, i shilling per ton adding about ed with mechanical gearing. The £430,000 a year to the anving effect first cost is somewhat greater and ed. And coal is more likely to the efficiency rather less than with

moshanical gearing.

Other Benefts.

Electrical Superheating.

Is Your Bathroom

THE

BLACK SHEEP"

condenser:

Progress Abroad. Meanwhile considerable progress had been made abroad. In France, Northern Italy, Sweden, and the

high pressure and intermediate U.S.A. many main lines were con

preasure cylinders of the reciprocat-- verted to electric traction. Over

ing engine. The stage efficiency of 500 miles of the Chicago, Milof their system, and went to the

steam machinery diminishes pro- It is obvicus that the abolition'! The most novel method of utiliz-gressively as expansion proceeds be. waukee, and St. Paul Railway are

of the steam locomotive would ing the residual heat in the steam cause of the increased wetness of the now electrified, and the

fenefit many people besides railway exhausted from a steam reciprocat steam after mechanical work hus nsylvania Railroad have in hand

shareholders. It would add to the ing engine in conjunction with an boen performed. The effect of the amenities and value of property exhaust steam turbo-generator has re-superheating therefore is to main- the conversion of 2,100 track miles

adjacent to the railways. It would been developed by the Aktiebolaget tain the efficiency throughout the between New York and Filada

save many hours per year for the Lindholmen Motala. In this system engine at a high constant level, and phia, In Switzerland during the

travolling public and in the con- the electric current generated in this result is obtained without any veyazoo of goods. The absence of the turbo-generator driven by the diminution of the output of the en- past eleven years some 60 per cent elusions wore in turn further ex-smoke and dust would add to the exhaust steam of the reciprocating gine, since the steam is exhausted of the lines, carrying 90 per cent,amined and modified by the como cleanliness of stations and the com engine is employed to drive the to the turbo-generator at a pressure of the traffic, have been converted, mitter and its officers. The report fort of travel, and it would en independent engine-room auxiliaries of about 4lb. per sq. in. abs., which, able the railways to give morn' fro- and to resuperheet, in an electrical is about the pressure at which the while in Natal and India impor-states that the final figures may be quent services with smaller trains. superheater, the steam between the engine would exhaust to tant main-line conversions have taken as "entirely, authoritative." The immediate effect on trade

(Gontinued on next Column.) direct. The Times.. taken place. The popular fallacy

would be important, and not con- Donclusions Arrived At,

fined to the engineering trades, The that these convertions are due to

The two sections of line examinalstations, erection of structures, the lower cost of waterpawer is

laying down of cables, building of. casily disposed of. The Swiss railed intentionally differed in several &c, would employ a considerable ways pay about the same price for respects in order that the committee amount of unskilled labour apart power as the British railways will maight study the results of electri- from that in connection with the actual manufacture of apparatus. pay. The Indian railways actual fication under different conditions. Compared with many of the pro- One scheme that prepared by thejects put forward to alleviate un ly pay more, while the Pennsylvania London and North-Eastern Rail employment, this has the advantage Railroad and the Natal railway | way-covered virtually the whole of financial soundness, as well as rely on power produced from ocal, of the cld Great Northern Rail being of real value to the country Electrification took place in Natal way system, some 500 route miles as a whole Even if it had not although coal only cost 9s, por tos, in level country, and involved the been as profitable as it has been In fact, the cost of power in only practical abolition of steam. The shown by this report to be, it must one, and not the most important, other scheme only involved some not be forgotten that virtually all factor Electric power will cost 193 route miles of the London Mid

the improvements on our railways-- the railways about the same as their land and Scottish Railway between greater comfort in the third class, coal bill. A more important fac. Crewe, Warrington. and Carlisle higher speeds, better lighting and tar is the donaity of traffic to be but had difficult gradients, and no-heating wore adopted in advance handled, which in England is concessitated the partial retention of of actual financial results, not be paratively high. The economy of. steam working. The analysis show cause they paid immediately, but electrification arises mainly, from ed that the former scheme, a because they would ultimately do the enormous advantages other though dealing with sparsely poo by increasing the popularity of than fuel economy possessed by the pulated country, yielded nearly railways

the capital

It is hoped that this carefully electric, lecomotive compared with three times as much on the steam focative

outlay as the latter, in a densely thought-out project, recommended populous aren The difference, it by inparital and experienced busi is pointed out, is due to the fact nosa men, will not be pigeon that generally speaking the holed" by the Ministry. When maximum benefit of electrification all is said, the total expenditure can only be obtained when it is of £261,000,000 is enly half what ccnplete it where steam is quite we have spention our roads, in the abo.ished. With these detailed repast ten years If spread. OVDE sults before them the committee twenty years, as the report sug proceeded to oxamine the financial gests, the annual expenditure of results of converting the whole of £13,000,000 is less than a quarter of the British railways to electric the £00,000,000 a year wo are spend- working, and found that, withouting on ronds, to day. And unlike assuming any improvement in the rond expenditure, it is an out- traffe, à return of about 7 per cent. lay with definitely on culable re,

(Continued en geet Oolumn.) turn,

The Possibilities,

Tho establishent of the "grid," by which a supply of cheap: e100- tric power, for the railways 18 available throughout the country, has created-an-entirely new aitun tion both as regards, the cost of power and the raising of capital. Not only does it reduce the amount of capital to be found by the fail ways to that necessary for the equipment of their lines and the provision of rolling-stock, but it also gives them "power at a prico

OF THE HOUSE?

if so, visit

C. E. Warren & Co., Ltd.

Expert Sanitary Engineers. China Building.

Tel. 20289. Estimates & Suggestions Free.