1931-03-21 — Page 4

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, MARCH 21, 1931.

THE NEW CIVILISATION IN CHINA.

SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM ENGLAND.

PROF. MIDDLETON-SMITH'S ADDRESS.

(Canțianed from. Yesterday.)

The first part of Professor Middleton-Smith's address on "The" New Civilisation China," delivered" to members of the Arts Association of the University, appeared in our issue of yesterday. Below will be found a further instalment,, and the concluding part will be published on Monday,

The Lesson from England. Less than a century ago an ́ob. jeet lesson of scientific develop ment was commenced in the Far East Hong Kong was made the civilisation in base of the new China. Trado was thrown open to everyone who choke to take part in

it.

The Englishman brought, not only his goods, hut his dynamic idens concerning steam power and scienti.

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Out of the growth that has fol- results have Exhibits of machinery at

lowed remarkable

come.

In England, already, the home on the farm has all modern com- forts." Latour-saving devices are employed. Electric-light and power is everywhere - available. provides news of the world and entertainment. The motor car has made social life easy.

Radio

blem of excess population and mechanical appliances in the strug- poverty was not solved in gle to obtain food and leisure.. China In the past centuries that For it is out of leisure, properly had no Western science. It can utilised, that culture comes. ; only be solved by an uprend of knowledge, and that is impossible without modern methods of com- munication.

.

The machine is not hi end in itself. It is a means to provide man with extensions to his own hands and foet and nyes and ears. Already we find that the old so. It is to deliver him from the cial-system of a largo patricha! | bondage of the solitary struggle for establishment is distasteful to the food. It is to satisfy the irres Chinese who have studied Western pressible desire to rid his own srience,

species of the paralysing curse of. Any eigilisation must be judged drudgery. It is to free him from by the position of woman. When ¦ labour that can be done just as well that test is applied to compare they steel or coal or oil. old civiliantion of Asia with that arate measurement,

The machine nge, the age of ac

has not which now exists in the West diminished, but has stimulated the there can be only one verdict. A creative urge that exists in every respect for and chivalry towards healthy person. We are no longer satisfied with out relationship with women are pillars upon which the Nature, nor are we content, with culture of the new civilisation is the old ideas about the social world.

The same force inquisitiveness that built

ip applied to the movement of the heavenly bodies, or the structure of the atom, makea un analyse our social system and the old dogmas built up when man know nothing of the unvarying laws of nature.

The manchine age will inevitably bring freedom for the women of this country. It will release their minds and bodies from bondage, as already, in many parts of China( it has relieved their feet from the tortures of binding.

of

In a material sense, the mass, of humanity in England today is much better off than in any other pored

You who will plan the new cities of history. Before the utilisation of fuel as a power producer, Eng

China are at an advantage. You and the power producing plants in lishmen travelled on muddy high

can avoid the blunders made in the development of industrial life in ways and in fragile wooden ships. We may have differences The people were slaves of infinite opinion about things that cannot

Europe and America. The new civilisation demands imagination, blem of health under the new vention. Try in China to escape civilisation there can be no argu- the evils of congestion in slams ments. Figures proves.

ugly buildings, traffio dangers, and the constant friction of industrial relations.

work have been seen by the Chi. infections. They lived in heatless Le measured. Concerning the pro-courage, scientide training and in-

цене

people, many of whom have

carried the new knowledge of ap- plied "science to other parts of China.

and at the rate of a horea's gallop.

at

usually much more slowly.

A Chinese Critic,

The span of life in England and Wales has rapidly increased since Today there are swift cars on concrets, road, armics of workers Full data is available.

the introduction of machinery. During the last nineteen years fighting disease, knowledge on all

From 1838-1654 the average muy graduates in Enginearing subjects available almost for ask-length of life was 40 years. From have gone out from the University, words tossed by air or wire. 1001-1910 it was 48 years. From

across seas and continents.

1920-1929 it was 56 years, of Hong Kong Numbers of other

The resident in England today students have scen sufficient, to be

The new civilisation in China is has, on an average, sixteen more convinced of the advantage of the creation for which scientists are of. 80-years-ago.

years of life than the Englishman new methods. Thousands of Chi-responsible. We have no reasons to healthy race, We can not by tak We are a more nese visitors have watched the apologetic.

possimism, which tells us that the ing thought add a cubit to var chines and scientific appliances triumphs of applied science haven stature; but we can, and wo that our students learn to uperato. caused individuality to disappear of our children. Statistics prove have, added inches to the stature and beauty to wither, leaves mo unaffected and entirely unashamed, ita for it is false.

Transport is Civilisation.

For nearly two centuries, Canton, in Kwangtung provinces, was the only centre of commerce with Euro-

peans in China.

Į

The literature of

The Answer to Pessimista.

Kriowledge is Power..

The provision of leisure by the use of slave labour permitted the ancient Greeks to develop ideas of Bunuty, Truth Goodness.

the forces of Nature to perform The new civilisation by utilising work provides leisure, and yet cultivate to a greater extent the more leisure, so that mankind may nobler facaltics,

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Not only does it include the elimi stitute mental for physical effort. It is essentially a system to sub-

nation of friction from machinery lumotion, but it seeks to reduce If these writers had been life i There is a school of the intelli- friction in human relationship. China, na some of us have seen it,gentia of Anglo-Saxone who die It regards Inzinges and selfishnese they would not deplore the new gusted with the slums and the as evidence of ignorance; and it civilisation.

social evils of the cities, imaging realises that ignorance can only be Just as the tiny stream of foreign Listen to Chinese writer of dis-that the Kingdom of Heaven must cured by education. To acquiro trade with Canton has swollen so tinction, Hu Shih He says: Abe in the East. They constantly the highest knowledge it is prees. LONDON SELLING AGENTS that it now penetrates all over civilisation to be worthy of its assert that the only contribution sary to be relievod of anxiety con China, su are these new scientific name must be built upon matoria! of the machine age to our civilien-cerning the necessities of life. ideas from Hong Kong, being trans. Progress. As one of China's state. tion has been a mercenary ambition Particularly does it encourage planted to remote parts of the men said twenty-six centuries ago,

which has deflected the thoughts of the development of the intellect. When food and clothing Are

man from lofty aspirations.

OILSEED In It cannot be achieved without cren. country that contains 100 millions people..

sufliciently provided for honour Europe and America similar views tions of the things that make life and disgrees can be distinguished; ave expressed. The first necessity of the new

more beautiful, and a fall appro- civilisation is mechanical transport and when granaries are full, the

ciation, of their influence, and a system of rapid communica.ople will know good manners."

This Chincse writer of to-day tits,

continuer "Picture civilisation During the first year of the Re-where boys and girls and old public Dr. Sun made an earnest women with bamboo baskets tied to ples for the construction of a their backs and with pointed sticks 100,000 miles railway network.in hand, flock to every dumping "Transportation," he said, place of garbage and search every the key to industries, and railways heap of refuse for a mossible torm the works of engineers and inven the key to transportation."

piece of rng or a half-burnt pictors. They suggest that behind all After transport the next casen-of coal. How can we expect a more this barnessing of steam, and the tial for the new civilisation is the lane spiritual civilisation to grow supply of electric power. This is up in such an atmosphere? n problem that requires careful planning and the collection of re. liable data. There are great posi sibilities in connection with wätor power in China.

The huge electric power stations that gather but a fraction of the energy of Niagara come readily to mind. It has been calculated that the water power of Canada alone has been developed

to 15,000,000 horse-power, or energy equivalent to the work of 900,000,000

men.

now

Concerning Unrest and

Population.

Many years ago, when the writer first advocated the use of modern methods of production in China, that indefatigablo critic, Mr. J. D. P. Bland, did him the honour to challenge in the North China Daily News, the claims then made for applied science.

It realises that all men are not born equal but it demanda that all shall have an equal opportunity in develope their abilities and

(To be Continued.)

Some brooding minds in the East, To which Mahatma Gandhi in typical, have made A greater Fallenge. They tell us that all of this modern industrialism is but sweated labour and avarice en uobler natures. throned. They say that no real culture, no proper civilisation, cau arise out of the discord created by

rushing waters, there are only the malevolent forces of greed and the ruthless exploitation of human 80s.

These dreamers picture this world in the long centuries before steam- power. They see it in Garden of Eden, instead of what it. then really was for many, & home of slaves. For steam power brought to all the hope, and for millions the reality, of a redemption from the curse of the poverty and over. work.

The burden of Mr Bland's criticism was, roughly, this, Chinn It is right that we should not is Buffering, not from a lack of regard our present from of civilisa- Interesting as are schemes for Western scence, but from an excess tion, in which the machine is sup water power development, only a of population.

reme, as the last, world in cultural (perfection. It would, however, be absurd to despise the assistance of

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It is sareely within the provines used for providing mechanieni and j of this address to discuss this pro electrical energy in driven by water. Nearly all power comes from coal or oil.

The Food Supply.

China is no agricultural nation and cannot otherwise support her vast population. The Chinese farm- er and his family struggle from dawn to dusk for a precarious exist. enco. In North America the former is raising enough food for himself and ten other people.

Agriculture is the largest indus«, try in the world to-day as it has been in all times. As inventivą and creative genius“ grew, the farmer produced more from the soil and sold his surplus to the cities. The surplus provided him with luxuries and leisure.

If any Chinese Emperor of forty centuries ago visited South China to-day he would find practically no change, but change is essential for modern methods to multiply. food production.

Professor O. E. Baker states that only one quarter of the land avail ablo for crops in China is under cultivation and that. quarter pro duces only fifty per cent of the yield of similar crops in the U.S.A, "Even with rice," be, skys, "Western nations employing mecha nical cultivation produce from. twe to five times as much per aero as China,"

-You have only to travel a little Galand to say that mothers, aud

children work on the soil from dawn. to dusk, Why should they carry tons of water and use old and un efficient implements during a life; time of drudgery, when a small gas! engine or electric motor will do the work more quickly ↑ tubøurių ma

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