1930-06-26 — Page 6

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1930.

MAKING HONG KONG NEW TERRITORIES WITNESSES CANNOT

AIR-MINDED.

INTERESTING LECTURE BY SQD. LEADER FREEMAN.

THE RUDIMENTS OF FLYING.

FARMING.

AGRICULTURAL SHOW IN DECEMBER.

SAME SITE AS LAST YEAR.

Members of the Hong Kong Flying The next agricultural show in the Club and those interested in flying New Territories will be held in were given an instructive lecture December at Shek Wu Hui. An on the rudiments of flying at the early date is being arranged to Hong Kong Volunteer Headquarters enable farmers to send is better yesterday. Mr. C. D. Lambert, the exhibits, as this is the time of the acting President of the Club during year when Chinese vegetables show the absence of Mr. W. E, L. Shen-off to the best advantage. ton, intenduced the lecturer, Squad. Regarding the Co-operative Sys- ron Leader S. Freeman, of the Kaitem that is being worked out to assist farmers in the New Ter- Tack Aerodrome, to the audience.

Squadron Leader Freeman said,ritories, the scheme is still in the in part: Every pilot should have. hands of sub-committee of the at least, an elementary knowledge New Territories Agricultural Show, of the principles on which aircraft A complete plan has been worked work, how and why it flies and how out by Mr. Fung Ki Chenk, but before its adoption the committee it is controlled. To go at all is comparing it with a plan for deeply into the theory of aero- warded by the Government, show- dynamics requires considerable ing a similar scheme as adopted in

many places in India. mathematical knowledge, but simple

The formation of the New Ter- explanations car. be given of inostritories Agricultural Association of the facts familiar to the pilot. will be discussed in a meeting It must, therefore; be understood, arranged for July 19. At this that some of the explanations 1 will meeting, it is probable the Articles attempt to give are necessarily brief of Association will be adopted. and incomplete, but I hope they will serve the purpose of giving potential pilots some knowledge of why an aeroplane flies and how it is controlled.

If air flows past a body it exerts

The Committee of the Agricul. tura! Show are looking forward to a bigger and better exhibition this year. The site will be exactly the sume as that selected last year, and a this is near the railway-station

a force on it and the size, and direc.it is a generally convenient spot. tion of the force depends on the The promoters hope that many more size and shape of the body and the people will be attracted to it this velocity of the air flowing past it. year. The same principles of relative velocity apply if the body moves through the air, that is to say, that if an aeroplane or any other object moves ut 30 miles an hour through the air it behaves in the same way as if it were kept stationary in relation to the ground and a wind force of 50 miles an hour was caused to blow on it.

The Prize-winners, Regarding the last exhibition, the prizes presented by Sir Creil Clementi and the Hon. Mr. W. T. Scuthorn were won by the fifth dis- triet, they having sent in the largest number of exhibits. Lady Ho Tung won the Hughes prize. ahe being the most successful ex- If a body is flat and held at hibitor: She has won this trophy amall angle to the air-flow, the re- for three years in succession, and action to the air-flow is nearly at how keeps the prize, Mr. E. V. M. right angles to the flat surface, R. de Souza won the prize present. that is, at an angle to the air-flowed by Mr. J. Bullock for the best The wings which lift an aeroplane poultry. are designed so that when moved

It is earned that Sir William

through the air horizontally, the Peel has been asked to become a- force exerted on, then by the air patron of the Show.

is as nearly vertical as. possible. since it is this force that lifts the weight of the aeroplane.

The Aerofoll

..

¿Committee's Report.

In presenting the Financial Re- port in connection with last year's. show, the Committee state-

The First Show was, held

UE

-AGREE.

A QUESTION OF NUMBERS

COXSWAIN DISCHARGED AFTER LENGTHY HEARING.

There was a little disagreement between the witnesses for the pro- secution as regards the number of persons seen on the lighter which the steam launch "K 6" bad in tow, when the case in which the coxswain of the launch, Chan Yau, was charged before the Marine. Magistrate yesterday with carrying 10 passengers in excess on June 21.

Accused pleaded

not guilty..

Sergt. Hill, in the witness-box, said that he was on duty on No. 6 police launch at p.m. on the day in question when he saw the "KG" near Holt's Wharf... He called the haunch alongside and asked the coxswain to produce his licence, The latter complied with his re quest, but the licence showed that be was allowed to carry only 115 people, including the crew, whereas he actually found 131 persons an the launch..

At this stage an official of the Dock Company asked whether he might ask the prosecution some questions, but the Magistrate an swered in the negative, stating that he (the official) was not allowed' to do so.

יד י

Sergt. Gowas corroborated the last witness' evidence but said that" he did not count the number of persons on board as he had to keep those that were already courted away from the remainder.

The Coxswain's Story. When asked whether he had asy- thing to say on the matter, Chan You said:-

My launch had been out to steamers to take off workmen, and then I proceeded to. Hunghoin where I took a lighter in tow There were over 90 coolies on the lighter and when the police, stop- ped my launch, an officer came on. board to chase all the coolies from the lighter to my launch where they started to count the number!

Lo Sang, a sailor on the launch, was the next witness called. He December 8, 1927. Thanks to the corroborated last witness' evidence. generous and enthusiastic support and in reply to a question by the of the public, the work has been Magistrate, he said that the lighter marked by a series of successes

-was alongside the launch. from year to year, steadily exerting Sergt. Hili (to witness): Was beneficent influence upon the vil the vessel you had in tow a lighter lagers throughout the New Ter-It is a steel barge used for carry- ritories...

It has been found that the most suitable shape for causing a reaction at right angles or nearly, so, to the wind, is not a flat plane but one of a tapered section; a body of a shape which is called an aero- foil (a plane. wing) and the shape of the aerofoil varies, depending on the duty for which it will be employed. This nerofoil is thicker at In order to have the display the front edge (the leading edge) within easy access for farmers and and tapers towards the back edge visitors, the last show was held at (the trailing edge.) The air-flow Shek Wu Hui, in close proximity round an aerofoil of this shape re-to Sacungshui Railway Station, sults in an increased pressure in the thus affording greater facility for bottom and a reduction of pressure, the transportation of exhibits and or suction on the top, the difference exhibitors, and the results proved of pressure being greater on the far beyond expectations. ton than on the bottom.

It necessarily follows, of course, It may be opportune to point out that the expenditure for 1929-1930 that when maintaining aircraft, the las turned out to be greater than wing surfaces must be kept in good in previous years. This is mainly condition, and what is not always due to the printing of a more at appreciated is that damage or detractive handbook, for advertising, fects of the top surface may have entertainers, etc. more serious results than damage As will be observed from the ap- or defects to the bottom surface. pended statement of account "the The angle between the aerofoil total receipts were 85,002.09 and and the air flow is known as the payments 92,081.31, leaving a debit angle of incidence. As the angle of balance of $19.92. incidence increases the lift com- ponent of the reaction increases until it reaches a maximum of about 15 degrees, after which it falls rapidly. This is commonly referred to as the stalling point.

In the same way, the resistance component of the aerofdii increases as the angle of incidence increases, Thus, although it is desirable to obtain as much lift as possible from the aerofoil, this cannot be done | without increasing the resistance, and it is necessary to find a com promise. This is done by experi- ment, and definite values have been obtained for each type of aerofoil at varying angles of incidence for given speeds.

It has now been seen that by driv- ing an aerofoil through the air, a lift can be exerted on the planes, the lift depending on the shape and angle of incidence of the aerofoil, and also on the speed at which it

MOVER.

ing cargo. There was further ques- tiening by the officer for the pro- section after which the Magistrate asked witness if the top of the barge Was covered with steel plates. On witness answering in the affirmative, Sergt. Hill asked how was it possible then to carry any cargo on her.

to

carry

Witness then explained that the barge was used mainly wooden planks which were placed served as the covering. on top of the steel plates which

Witnesses Re-called.

officers for the prosecution and The Magistrate then recalled the addressing Sergt. Hill, he asked: "When you "went on board, did you see any one on the barge 1 No.

His Worship: Which side did you go alongside -I went along on the port side, your Worship.

to the launch.

saw

The centre of pressure, however, moves in a fore and aft direction

Witness added that he did not depending upon the incidence of the plane. If, owing to some disturb-80 on the lighter where he ance, the incidence is temporarily only one man, but went straight on- increased, the centre of preasure moves forward and introduces an upsetting force which tends to still further depress the tail. To over come this and to give stability; small plane is fitted some distance behind the centre of gravity of the acroplane. This is known as the tail plane. If this plane is set so that normally it has no lift, when the nose of the machine is tilted upwards it takes up incidence of you. itself and exerts a lift which tends to right the acroplane.

Sergt. Cowan then went into the witness-box again and when asked by the Magistrate if he saw BAY persons on the lighter, replied that he was some distance from it and he could not tell the exact number. His Worship: About how many? -There were about 10, I think,

His Worship: All "right, thank

Not guilty; case dismissed.

THIEF JUMPS FROM VERANDAH.

ESCAPE PREVENTED BY: BROKEN ANKLE.

The speaker went on to tell his lowered or raised by means of the elevators fitted on the tail, and explained how; when they were The ordinary type of aeroplane is lowered or raised by means of the composed of aerofoila," "commonly control column in the pilot's seat, termed the wings to give the neces the tail assembly was rained or sary, lift, a body known as the lowered, thus enabling the pilot to fuselage to hold the pilot, crew, etc, obtain climb and descent. He went and an engine and airscrew, to on to deal with aileron control and sustained a broken ankle when he An Lai, a Chinese youth, who prope! it through the air, and took his“: audience through in certain subsidiary acrofails fitted to imaginary verbal flight, describing Bowring Street, on May 22, appear jumped off the verandah of 44, provide atability and control.. the method of taking off and landed before Mr Whyte Smith at the ing, both with a land 'plane and a

Kowloon Magistracy yesterday, seaplane. The wings exe filled so that the. At the conclusion, Dr. F. J. Fare when he was charged with the theft Saree of lift derived from the whole proposed a vote of thanks to Squad-of clothing, and a gold watch. The sistem actn, very nearly through theron Leader Freeman for his interest defendant had been in hospital lar centre of gravity of the aeroplane. ing lecture and the vote was carried Yes 4. Donth on account of the broken ankle, which, he told the The total lift acts through a pivot with applause... known as the centre of pressure, Among those present were Mr. Magistrate, was caused when he fell and, all the time the centre of pres. B. 1. Wynne Jones, Dr. P. J. Fatt, ofthe biletto put into sure coincides with the centre of Mr. Wong Kwang Tin, Mr. J. Chos, gravity the aeroplane remains stable Mr. F. H. Loaeby, and Mr. A. W. in a fore-and-aft direction.

Summers, Hon. Secretary of the (Continued on next Volumn.) Flying Club.

Centre of Pressure.

The Magistrate passed a sentence of six months hard labour on Au Lai, whose record showed that he had two previous convictions,

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