NEW ADVERTISE- MENTS.
ST. GEORGE'S BALL.
6TH JANUARY, 1930.,
INTIMATIONS.
G.
B
THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, JANUARY 6, 1930.
PUBLIC AUCTION.
PARTICULARS Public Auction DARTICULARS & CONDITIONS MONDAY, the TPENINSULA HOTEL at 9.30 6TH DAY. of JANUARY, 1930, at
P.M.
Abore will be held in the to be beld
8. t the Office of the Public ADMITTANCE. -Tho" Small Pei-Works Department, by Order of En forated Portion of the Invitation Card EXCELLENCE THE GOVERNOR of One must be produced to obtain Admittanes. Lot of CROWN LAND at Sham- baipo, in the Colony of Hong CLOAK ROOMS. — A Closk
Kong, for ■ term of 75 years, com Room for Ladies will be found on the mending from 1st July, 1899, with the First Floor, and for Gentlemen on the option of renewal at a Crown Kent to be Ground and First Floors.
fixed by the Surveyor of En Majesty TRx King, for one further term of 24 years less three days.
DANCING, -Partners will meet either in the Rose Boom or in the Roof Garden. The Old System of Meeting under Letter of the Alphabet having been Dispensed with.
DO NOT FORGET YOUR PROGRAMMES.
CARDS.-The Writing Room on the Mezzanine Floor has been set aside-for Cars..
PARTICULARS OF THE LOT.
Kowloon Inland:
Inland Lote Nos, 1279] Between New Kowloon | *** Lot No. 1297.
and 1262, Channg Sha
Han Hoạt
No. of Bale.
Registry No.
Locality,
SUPPER.-Those Intending to be Present at the Official Bupper Ar requested to be seated in Good Time before the Formation of the Official Party, which takes place in the Lounge on the 1st Floor Immediately After the 1 Eighth Dance.
WANTED.
(8936
TACULAR
TEACHER for CHINESE VER-
TEACHERS'
TRAINING CLASSES,
KUALA
LUMPOR (F.M.8.). Salary: $240 Per Only Month (Straits Carrency), Chisen University Uraduates with Good Knowledge of Mandarin will be considered.
Apply to the ASSISTANT DIREC TOR OF EDUCATION (CHINESE), KUALA LUMPUR,
(8834
PA
0.
Boundary Mensure. ments.
ft. ft. ft. ft.
As per
sala plan
Contents in
About
1,152
παπαγ
1,725
Rentai.
1 Upset Price,
07
[8414
B.
PUBLIC AUCTION.
DARTICULARS & CONDITIONS of the Sale by Public Auction to be held on MONDAY, the 6rn DAY of JANUARY, 1930, at 3 r... at the Offices of the Public Works
Department by Order of H
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR, of One Lot
HONG KONG.
PROBATE JURISDICTION.
GEORGE IN TOZ Goods or
HOYES, LATE OF ST. KILDA ROAD, CLEETHORPZB, IN
THE
COUNTY OF LINCOLN IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, DECEASED.
TOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN
NOTICE the Court hus, by virtue of
58 of
the Provisions of Section Onlinance No. of 1897, made An Order Limiting the Time for Creditors and Others to seal in their Claims against the above Estate to the 931D JANUARY, 1930.
All Creditors and Others are accord- ingly hereby required to send their Claims to the Undersigned on or before That Date,
DEACONS,
Solicitors for the Execators,
1, Des Your Road Central,
Hong Kong.
NOTICE.
of CROWN LAND at Mong Kok Taui, in the Colony of Bong Kong, for term of 76 years, with the option of renewal, at Crown Bent to be fixed by the Surveyor of His MAJESTY Tax 30, for cas farther term of 75 years..
PARTICULARS OF THE LOT.
No. of Bale.
Kowloon Inland
Registry Nú,
Locality.
Lot No. 2299 Upposita Kawloda:
Foland Lot No. 2111, Sai Young
[88:3
G.
S From the 1st JANUARY
Choi Street.
Boundary Measure.
fnents.
ན
ft. ft. ft. ft.
▲ per
sate plan.
us neque
Square feet.
Rental.
Upset Price.
About ·
11,560
PUBLIC AUCTION.
A
132
(8315
20,909
A 1930, We shall carry on All Our PARTICULARS & CONDITIONS
Business under the Name and Style of C. M. KARANJIA & CO...
Corrective
Foot
Appliances and
Preparations
ol
Dr. SCHOLL
Toe Flex
Zino-Pads
Foot Bazers
Toe Right
Bunton Spring "Bunion Reducer
No-Grip Heel Liner..
Walk Strate Heel Pads
Tru Span Arch Support Tri Spring Arch Support Anterior Metatarsal Arch
Support Foot Soap Foot Cream
Corn Salve Bunion Lotion
WEATHER REPORT.
Yesterday's weather report, fore aast and remarks, ieued by the Royal Observatory at 7.10 p.m.,
stated-
An anticyclone of considerable intensity central to the north of the Yangtze Valley. Strong mon- soon will continue along the S.E coast of China and over the China Sea.
Local Forecast:-N.E. winds, fresh, overcast at first, improving
tater.
BIRTH.
Lows. On January 3, 1930, at Singapore, to Dr. and Mrs. J. M. A. Lowson, a daughter.
[8837
ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Mr. and Mrs. L. E, LAMMERT sincerely thank their friends, for their kind expressions of sympathy in their, recent be
reavement
12.
ر حبي
Editorial and Business Offices: 11, Ice House Street. Tel. Central Night Editor (Wanchai Office):
Tel. Central 4511.. London Office: 21, Bride Lane,
Fleet Street, E.C. 4.
Foot Powder The Daily Press.
Fixo Corn Plasters Bromidrosil Powder "
"9" Drop Corn Remedy
A. S. WATSON & CO., LTD.
Established 1841.
Hosa Kosa, JANUARY 6, 1930.
THE THRONELESS KING.
In order to raise funds to pay As time goes on, faith in the powers of the myriad minor deities its minor "debts, the China Mar-
will pass away, but it is not o easy to forecast what will happen chants S. Co. has decided to in regard to that moral code-float $500,000 worth of bonds which rather than religion-known will be secured on the Company's Confucianism. The guiding prin-
Hended by Admiral Tu Hai Kuei,
maru! The Aide to Admiral Mar vell, met the Chinese group and conducted its members to the Fear! Harbour naval station and for a tour around the island of Oahu.
com- cipes of this ethical teaching freight revenues. Holders of theso "have actuated the performance of bonds will be limited to all that is great and noble in the pradores employed by the Company life of China for more than twenty
or its ships and in its godowns. centurica. Will it continue to exert
Professor that influence ? MILLER, of Ohio University, has been studying the subject recently in China, and is of opinion that the Chinese nara! mission to the the strength of Confucian ethics United States arrived at Honolulu and the pacifcist nature of the on December 27 on the Asama Chinese is bound to win against Western materialism and all other factors opposing it. The periodical famines, civil wars, and militarist oppressions which have swept China for a century and more appear to Professor MILLER as "sporadic and Proposals have been submitted to foolish manifestations" which will the Mayor of Greater Shanghai by pass in the course of time, but tho the Reconstruction, Commission sug- fundamental principles of the Chi-gesting that further investigations
ever. Pro- nose are as sound as fessor MILLER ventures to predicte made by the Chinese authorities. Chinese territory and the foreign that eventually the Chinese will into the exact boundaries, between conquer Siberia by economic pene settlements, so as to prevent for tration, without recourse to war- fare. He declares that the Chinese already are victors" in Man- churin over the Japanese and Russians, who hold nominal control of these regions by force, but cannot resist the contact influx of Chinese farmers who drive out the Japanese and Russians who attempt to colonize these regions.
Western materialism will be used by the Chinese for the eventual transformation of their country, Professor MILLER believes, and pre- dicts that within a period of from
eigners from further encroaching various taxes introduced by the upon Chinese territory: that the Municipality of Greater Shanghai should be reduced or abolished, as A number of factories have removed from Chinese territory to the for cign settlement as a result of the heary taxation in Chinese territory and that more bridges should be built and more tramway lines con-" structed in Chapei in order to facilitate communications.
15 to 30 years China will be radical-A Hong Kong Mystery." ly changed by the use of motor. We take the following strange cars, agricultural machinery, and item of news from the Y.-C. Daily. other Western inventions. The Veus: Owing to the fact that Professor was immensely impressed the post-ofices in Hong Kong and by the progress made in remote Kowloon are used for the pro- Parts of Shansi province by the use pagation of counter-revolutionary of automobiles. He found motor literature and other matters, says buscs penetrating the most remote a Nanking telegram to the Chun- parta of this province, opening uppa, the National Government has territory which had been entirely cut off from the outside world until
ordered the Waichiaopu to take steps to assume control of these recent times. The effect of institutions within as short a time 24 possible," So far as we have been universal language in China haa not been sufficiently stressed in the able to ascertain during the week predictions of more gloomy travel end, no steps have been yet actually lers, Professor MILLER believes taken by the Chinese authorities to This single language gives to take possession either of the Bong quarter of the world's population & Kong or Kowloon post-offices, but social solidarity which cannot be no doubt the usual precautions have overestimated.
been taken.
Shanghai Golf Mystery.
The mystery which surrounded
CHINESE, WEDDING.
SUN-QUAN.
The wedding of Dr. Edward Sun, second son of Mr. and Mrs. Su Jue Yow, of 4. Babbington Path, daughter of Mr. and Mrs, Quart and Mies Constance Quan, second Hong Kee, of 57, Cumberland Road, Kowloon Tong, we celebrated on Saturday in St John's Cathedral,
The Very Rev. A. Swaan off- cinted, assisted by the Rev. Lee Kow Yan..
The bride, who was given away by her father, looked very charm- ing in her gown of white satin. She carried a bouquet of white rores. She was attended by the
Misses Edan Quan and Pearl Kwart
as bridesmaids and the Mieses Marjorie Fong and Betty Wong as flower girls. The bridemaids were dreesed in mauve salin and carried bouquets of pink roses, while the flower girls were in pink The bride's mother attended in satin, with baskets of the roses.
Mr. C. W. Lam carried out the whilst Mr. Chinese ceremonial dress, dutice of "best "man,"
After the ceremony a well attend- T. L. Tan was the groomsman. ed recension was held at Lane, Crawford's restaurant where the toast to the bride and bridegroom wow enthusiastically honoured..
Later Dr. and Mrs. Sun left for their honeymoon which will be spent in Shanghai.
¿
14
SUSPECTED PIRATES
REMANDED.
INJURED MAN MAKING GOOD PROGRESS.
On the grounds that there was n possibility of a third man being brought before the Court on the same charge, Mr. L. R. Andrawes, Assistant Crown Solicitor, who 19 prosecuting in the case in which two Hoklos are charged with tak ing part in the piracy of the lai- ching, asked for a further remand, in order that the case against the three mer might be taken together.
Mr. Andrewes indicated that the third man was progressing well in hospital, and is expected in leave in a little over a fortnight. A bullet has been extracted from
this man's lung and since the operation he had been getting ou I very well..
His Worship graufed a further week's remand.
GOVERNMENT TENDERS.
ACCEPTANCES FOR 1030.
ABOUT a fortnight ago there was an active campaign started in Can- ton against Christianity, which was described as "base superstition,' undermining the minds of the rising generation. Whatever other charges may be laid against the foreigner YOU ARE CORDIALLY and his activities in China, he cannot be accused of having intro- INVITED TO A FREEduced superstitious belief into the country,They were rife through DEMONSTRATION. out China long before the first
Confucius put the soldier on the Westerner reached the Orient, and to-day the Chinese worship more lowest possible planie, and Professor gods than any other nation in the MILLEE inds no reason to believe history of the world, according to that the soldier has risen in popular M. NEWTON HAYES, FRUS, who estimation, despite the present the theft committed in the Hungjac
domination of militarism in China. Golf Club on the night of Decem has just completed a recent survey Eventually the militarist will be her 17, when dozen golf balls of Chinese religions. Mr. HAYES quotes authorities who state that downed by the force of publje, valued at $400, were stolen, has the ancient Egyptians had 3 gods, opinion, grounded upon Confucian been cleared up by detectives from the Indians 3,339 divinities, and ethics. Siberia has only 6,000,000 the Settlement, who made inquiries inhabitants present and Pro-in the district and learned that the the Greeks of ancient time 30,000, fessor MILLER believes that Chinese No. 1 caddie master was alleged but the Chinese, be declared, can
farmers will colonize this district to be responsible for the theft. exceed even this number. *Ten
as they have done in Manchuria Acting on information received, de: years' study of the gods of the Chinese leads us to feel that it is during recent years, and that the tectives when to the Hungjae Gelf economic pressure of millions of Cith where he was arrested. The safe to say that there are probably Chinese workers will overcome all caddies, learning of his arrest, de even more recognised deities in the the militaristic movements of other clared they would go on strike until Chinese pantheon than in those of
nations. "Confucius will win in the police released their master. other race,"
declares Mr. the end." he declares: in other This did not, however, take place "There are more images in
words, the Throneless King" and the caddies resumed work. The this country than are found in the will be more firmly established in accused and his wife, the latter temples and homes of any other China than ever though some being alleged to have helped him, land. Indeed, the number of gods servers are of opinion that his in-appeared at the Provisional Court, Messrs. Standard Oil Co. of New is so great that DE GROOT not only fluence has been waning during the and after evidence of arrest had York, for the supply of compound- characterizes it as infinite, but last few years. Possibly China teen given were remanded in cus ed Engine oil cylinder oil, super. almost in desperation resorts to will follow the example of Japan, tody, The Court inspector said heated cylinder oil, engine oil and hyperbole, declaring that in the where a national religious cult was that the golf balls were in posses; axle oil.
Messrs. Asiatic Petroleum Creation of new gods for their un skilfully founded for, the deliberate sion of the Chapel Polic:, who had limited polytheism, the Chinese are bounded by nothing but the purpose of binding a divided nationals arrested two men whom they connected with the together at a time when the country alleged were circumstance that even the human
was going through critical social theft. The latter then asked for a changes such as are taking place in despatch warrant to be issued for China to-day...
the prisoners in Chapei and an ap plication will be made for the balls to ke returned,
NOTICE...
R. SIEW KWAN WONG, doth M Hereby Give Notice that the Two Powers of Attorney, dated 9th Dzcan BEE, 1925, and 16th JANUARY, granted and given to LEUNG KAM KONG, any the Sale by Public Auction to 29, Connaught Road Central, by myself HAYS. be held on MONDAY, the GTB DAY of and me as Governing Director of 6. K. JANUARY, 1930, at 3 PM, at the TRUST, LIMITED, respectively, have Offices of the Public Works Department, by been REVOKED and that the and Under of His EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR, LEUNG KAM KONG Is No Longer of Use Let of CROWN LAND at Wong authorised to act in Any Capacity what Nei Chung, in the Colony of Hong over on my behalf and on behalf of Kong, for a term of 75 years, with the S. K. TRUST, LIMITED.
All Communications with 8. K. option of renewal at a Crown Rent to be S From the 1st JANUARY fized by the Survoyer of HIS MAJESTY THE TRUST. LIMITED, should be addressed AR
KINO, for one fortber term of 75 years.to Messrs. EU YAN SANG, No. 109,
QUEEN & ROAD CENTRAL
C. M. KARANJIA,
SBANEEN, CANTON,
NOTICE.
[8817
1930, MR. . it. JBANEE has been Admitted as Managing Partner in
Our Hone Koxo Firm..
C. J. KARANJIA & CO.,
WYNDHAM STREET,
Hong Kong.
[8818
HONG KONG JOCKEY CLUB.
ANNUAL RACE MEETING. 22ND, 24r¤, Sra, 287H FEBRUARY AND 1ST MARCH, 193). Dady and may be obtained at the RAFT PROGRAMMES are Now RACE COURSE. BONG KONG CLUB. and CAUSEWAY BAY STABLES.
Hong Kong, 2nd Jan, 1935, (6820
PARTICULARS OF THE LOT.
| No. of
laland Lot
Registry No.
Locality.
Lot No. 2551, No 2482,
Adjoining. Tulund
Wong Nei Chung.
Boundary
| Mensure
mente.
|NS. E.W.
As per
sale plan
Contents i
Suare
Arndal
Upset Price.
7.750
+
15,500
[8816
FOUR BRILLIANT PUBLICATIONS
PHOTOGRAMS OF THE YEAR, 1929
The annual review for 1930 of the world's photographic work.
$3,50.
THE OUTLINE OF ART.-Edited by
Sir William Orpen, K.BE., R.A ... An art gallery in every home. 300 reproductions from the works of the Great Masters,
$5.95.
WHITAKER'S ALMANAC 1930.·
Paper covered edn.
Cloth covered edn...
'Whitaker" the reference book of the world, brings to your instant command compact and complete knowledge of practically every subject.
$2.10.
$4,20.
THE BOOKMAN.-Special Christmas Number 1929.$4.20.
To those who really read, this publication is most enjoyable. A portfolio of Edmund Dolne's pictures illustrating poems by Edgar Allan Poe is given with this number,
KELLY & WALSH, LTD.
The Bookshop.
Chater-Road.
SIEW KWAN WONG. Hong Kong, 1st Jun., 1930.8811
NOTICE.
HUMPHREYS ESTATE AND FINANCE CO., LTD.
CREDIT FONCIER D'EXTREME- ORIENT. MORTGAGE BANK AND ESTATE AGENTS
art of inventing gods has its limits "
Mr. HAYES has found that the spirit world of the Chinese is peopled to capacity with gods and goddesses, genii and fairies. There tre goda good and bad, powerful and weak, handsome and ugly, kindly and cruel. There is a god
News and Views.
UN
.
Mr. A. A. Brady, chairman of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, is in Hong Kong on a short visit.
Cosima Wagner, the widow of Richard Wagner, the world-famous German composer, celebrated her ninety-second birthday last week in very delicate health at Bayreuth.
"
The following tenders have been accepted by the Government.
Messrs. Sang Lee, & Co. for the" maintenance, repais, etc., to Gov. ernment Buildings in the Dolony of Hong Kong and Kowloon during the year 1930:
Alesers. Chung Leo & Co for the maintenance repair, etc to Govern ment Buildings in the New Terri-... tories during the year 1930.
Co.
(South China), Ltd., for the sup- ply of dynamo oil and motor oils to the Kowloon-Canton Railway " during the year 1820.
Messrs. Kowloon Hip Lung & Co., 81,350 for the repairs of S/L. G.P.O.
TOURIST CRUISE OF S.S. OP TEN NOORT.
FASCINATING ISLAND
VISITS.
Looking Back 25 Years. Two cases of small-pox and one "The cruising yacht La Cigale re- order to facilitate the Investiga.
turned from Carton yesterday tion with regard to A Number of to control nearly every phase of of diphtheria were notified Share Certificates which have been life. There are deities of the Friday.
morning. She left Hong Kong on New Year's Eve, with Messrs. E. Fraudulently obtained from the Com- elements, the sun, the noon, the
M. Hazeland (the owner). M. Me- pany, All Rollers of Bhare Certificates | stars and the constellations. "There of the Company are requested to send are gods of mountains, rivers, seas
Iver, J. Reidic and E.F. Gibson in Fall Particulars of their Holdings, and citice; gods of the living and
on board. A pleasant breeze par- The tourist steamer Op Ten Noort Number of Certifiantes, Name of Owner gods of the spirit world. There are
ried them over to Shekwan, which of the Koninklijke Paketvaart Mij, the Actual Distinguishing Numbers of gods of war, literature, wealth,"
was reached at about nine o'clock is expected to arrive at Hong Kong the Shares covered by the Certificate, the merey, medicine, and disease; gods
that night, when the yacht was anon February 15 and will leave on the Date of Insue of Bach Certificates and
chored. The journey was resumed 18th at 11 a.m. for a cruise of the their Folio Numbers, to The GENERAL of the home, gods of the farm, and even gods of individual streets and
at about half past one in the morn- Molucca islands and Bali to Java MANAGERS As Soon As Possible.
bridges. There are gods, too, for
ing. New Year's Day. There was The 8,000 tons steamer Op Ten By Order of the Board,
every important trade. Mr. HAYES
a fair amount of wind as far as Noort is one of the fastest and most. JOHN D. HUMPHREYS & BON, has found that cows, horses, snakes, The Colony rainfall for December Tiger Island (Blake Light), but up to date of the K.P.M. feet offor-
General Managers.
and many other animals nad rep was .59 of an inch. The greatest then it died away and left theming with her large and airy saloons, [8738
tiles, and even some insects which fall on any one day was 21 of an almost at the mercy of the tide.. cabins, and spacious promenade prey upon the human body, have inch on the 17th. There was a Canton was reached at noon on decks,' 'accommodation excellently worship accorded to them in China.sprinkle of rain on seven other Monday, the yacht having made an adapted for a cruise in the tropical
Inside the nortli-east gate of days.
La approach by the back reach. seas. After leaving here the ship Soochow is a temple to the God of
Cigale's prow was pointed home will visit: Manila, Menado, Kema, Snakes, and outside the west wall A successful concert was held ward on Tuesday morning shortly Ternate, Ambon, Banda, Alor, Bali - of the same city there was a few yesterday evening in the Peninsula before 11 o'clock. There being no and Batavia years ago a place of worship de- Hotel. It was organised by men wind, a launch gave them a tow The fare oi Guilders.1,000 diented to the human parasite bera of the Filipino community in as far as Whampoa. Thence to (£83.8.8) includes expenses for or whose common name is unmention honour of Rizal Day, and there were Hong Kong it was done by work-ganised shore excursions and festi- able, so we refer to it by ita Latin in addition to the hosts a large ing the tides-anchoring when they vitice in the Moluccas and on the designation—cimer "fectularius.' number of guests of other nation- were adverse and leting the boat island of Bali, particulars of which But in making a study of the alities who enjoyed a very pleasant drift when favourable.-Hong | are published in a very attractive Chinese gods Mr. HAYES found evening with some excellent music. Kong Daily Press, Jan. 6, 1905.. folder obtainable from the local that one searches in vain for a
agents, Java-China-Japan Lijn and An Alsatian dog was found wan-Looking Back 50 Years. supreme creator and ruler of gods
the American Express Co., Inc. and 'men.
All other nations have dering on the Sheko Road near the A subscription list is lying at had a supreme god, be declares, but Golf Club yesterday afternoon at Messrs. Lane, Crawford & Co.'s for "China has no deity that occupies about 0.15 p.m. and brought to the donations towards the erection of a
THE HSIN CHANG. exactly the same place in her Central Police Station by Mr. Misalon Chapel at Long Island catalogue of gods' Having so Shaw of Mesars. Butterfield and (Cheung Chau). The sum estimated
as required for, the building and NOW SAFE AT SHANGHAI. many gods, Mr. HAYES believes it Swire. Will the owner please com is "natural that the Chinese are municate with the Police Station, other expenses is about 8450 or perhaps not essentially so religious where the dog is being kept! $500. The people are very poor, News has been received that the as nations with fewer gods. Ho
being mostly fishermen, and unable China Merchants' s... Hain Chang observes an apparent lack of rever- The Coxswain and Pilet of the to do much towards providing a which sent out an 8.0.9. signal last Friday, has been taken in tow ence and sincerity in the attitudos. Tung On are still being detain-place of worship for themselves. of the majority of the worshippersed by the authorities at Wuchow. Missionary work has been carried by the Hain Ming, and. is eafe on towards their gods, and quotes Dr. The Customs at Waeliow have on for a number of years, and her way to Shanghai or rather she E. A. Ross, who says of the orders not to clear the Tung On latterly with considerable success. was expected in that port yester | Chinese:-"Their iden seems to bo until settlement of the ease. It is The great want now is a building'] day.
one of reciprocity. You do some also reported that the British. .. in which services can be held. Cop- thingimion for hanged, and he Tin Yat is ashore off Escine Freek being a gentleman, will do some-and that two Chinese gunboats are thing nice for you,”
"standing by:
"PEAK MANSIONS" Six-roomed & Five-roamed Apartments,
PRINCE EDWARD BOAD, KOWOON, Detached and Semi-detached Villas, Modern Constraction with Garage.
CAMBAT BUILDINGS" Fistä with Modern Conveniences.
PRAYA EAST RECLAMATION Newly-built Chinese Houser"
TO LET.
FFICE (2 Room) TO BE LET From lar JANUARY, 1930,-in HONG KONG `CLUB (AXKEX). kizzenekpply SEOREMAR
Hong Kong BLUE
[6753
It appears that the Hain Chang tributions are earnestly requested dafnered her propellos she
-Hồng Kông Daily Press, January was drifting haplessly in a heavy
0-1880
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.