1928-04-23 — Page 10

10

RUSSIA OF TO-DAY.

WHAT TROTSKY'S FALL MEANS.

1.

***CONSERVATISM" IN POWER,

THE ARMY AND THE PEOPLE.'

(BY W. T GOODE.]

After 1917 the common question

The Peasant.

about Husain was, "How long will The peasant, thanks to the follies the Soviet Government laat?" Andet "White" generals, knows what its fall was prophesied ad↑ tuscars. I would be the fate of himself and,his In 1919 a member of the Govern- land, under a "White" régime, ment told me that, after taking The Soviets are his bulwark. The power, they hardly expected to last worker has been through the Great more than two months. Yet they and the Civil Ware; he knows the have lasted for ten years, and again) attitude of a "White" régime to- the old question is raised. I speak. | wards him, his hours, wages, and of course, only for myself. That health, and towards his Union; he the Government will break up I do feels that; however indirectly, he not believe. To me, they are in a part of the governing body. stronger than MEX From their He will not risk all this. One has point of view they have excised z

to recall the social history of Russia befors one can understand the pride

gangrene, and the organism is the

healthier for the excision.

But since the question is so im portant in relation to policy, a tow words of explanation will not be misplaced The Opposition stand for world-revolution, utilising all industrial surpluses for propaganda abroad, and keeping as allies the town workers and the agricultural proletariat. War they do not fear; they rather welcome it, for obvious. reasons. They are willing to go down in blood and fire if they can thereby leave the better heritage for world Revolutionaries. Their pro- gramms brought them dead against that part of the Communist Party, which claims to be Leniaist, work. ing lor close alliance between work- ers and peasants generally. A two- party system is unthinkable in Russia. So it was war to the knife; whichever party triumphed would suppress the other."

The Government And The People.

It is Trotsky and company who have been suppressed Put briefly, the struggle has been between the Romantica, headed by Trotaky, brilliant and meteoric, sad the Realists, led by Stain the Geor gian, with the head of a Roman emperor and the will-power of n Lenin. The Realista have won. They are fully aware of the difficul- ties surrounding them, diplomatic, economic, or otherwise. Many have held office continuously since 1917, and have suffered the inevitable in fuences which ten years (and what a ten years!) of responsibility have brought. Their dearest wish is to continue peaceably the reconstrac- tion of Russia, which they have, at any rate, began, and to some degree

perfected.

The Worker.

11

|

of Russians in their "freedom,” though that hardly squares with Western ideas.

School Propaganda.

THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, APRIL 23rd, 1928.

FRENCH INSURANCE BILL.

BIG SUMS FOR SICKNESS AND OLD AGE.

HASTY LEGISLATION AND. ITS REASON.

Pants, March 16th.

Although so many speakers took part in the general debate or the Sickness and Old Age Insurance Bilk that the detailed examination of the clauses was adjourned, there is little doubt that the measure will be passed before the end of the season and the General Election. The vote of the Chamber will, how ever, rather be a demonstration in view of that election than a general agreement on a seriously considered plan.

The scherne returns from the Chamber after important amend meats by the Senate, the chief of which was to remove unemployment insurance from its control. If the Chamber now restores any of the former provisions or changes the draft of the Senate in any way, it will be impossible for the Bill to pass before the dissolution.

I repeat, that in my opinion, the Government are backed by a sub stantial majority of the population, and that in the case of any renewed

The project will therefore be intervention, they would be sup-veted in a form generally agreed to ported by all.

7.

Unex

They take care to provide the pro- necessary atmosphere, for paganda, in which they have nó rivals, is universal and intense It begins at an early aga pectedly I fell into a small school and found a clan of about twelve years of age sitting in judgment an an unruly member. "A girl pre- sided, a boy took notes. Comic

Far from it. Eminently serious. In spite of a spirited defence he was brought to book and made to promise obedience to the rule of the elas. A miniature Soviet! In an- other school of 1,950 scholars, good discipline and a delightful tone were maintained by public opinion exerted through similar means, for no punishments are allowed. And political education goes on by wall newspapers and charts conducted by the scholars themselves. The gen eration of 1914 has had ten years of this education; the

growing

generation will know no other. The influence on mind and character can easily be understood.

The Army.

In 1918 the Army was in strange case. Equipment was poor. Among an outpost and a battalion through which I passed, uniforms were rare and rags not uncommon.

To-day

the Army is well equipped in every sense. Discipline, whom at work, is excellent. Off duty there is no saluting: all are oqunis,

be imperfect, but with reliance on the fact that one of the clauses pro- vides that the law shalt not come into operation for twenty-two months after its paisage The new Chamber and Government are vir- tually invited to make the neces- sary changes in the interval....

"Deputies can at least go to the country saying they have adopted the principle. Everyone agrees that considerable changes are neces- eary, and many declare that the scheme as it stands is quite unwork- abic.

It provides for a contribution of ta per cert, on wages, half of this contribution to be paid by the em pleyer and half to be deducted from the wage of the workman. Even so, come estimates place the probable charge on public funds at nearly nine milkard franes (£72,000,000) anqually. The chief objections come from agricultural interests, who are opposed to the whole idea, but also from large industrial em- ployers, especially in the North of France, who claim that it will destroy the very efficient system which they themselves have built up over the course of years

As for

¦

THE RIGHT CAREER.

GUIDING BOYS AND GIRLS IN THEIR CHORCE.

THREE, TESTS OF INTEL· LIGENCE.

FIRST HUSBAND AND WIFE M.P'S.

UNIQUE CEREMONY IN PARLIAMENT.

OUT OF STEP.

An age of industrial contentment

LONDON, March 14th, A husband and wife marched side and efficiency, and a solution of the ever-present servant problem," is by side down the floor of the House foreshadowed by research now being of Commons yesterday for the årst conducted by A group of men and time in history when Parliament women in London.

has been in session. And they were The National Institute of Indus-out of step.

trial Psychology maintains that the They wore Mr. and Mrs. Runci- cause of much industrial discontent man, and Mr. Runciman acted as is the square peg in the round one of the sponsors for his wife hole"-men and women who, by when she took her seat as M.P. for reason of drifting into unsuitable St. Ives. He appeared to find the occupations, are failing to express ordeal much men trying than did themselves and produce their best Mrs. Runciman. work. In order that boys and girls may be guided in their choice of vocation tests are arranged on leay ing school.

a

Mrs. Runciman wore black velvet and a black toque, from which her grey hair protruded, the business like colour of her dress being re lieved by a white blouse. She stood We have means of testing the smiling at the bar waiting for the for Speaker to call her, and chatted with her other sponsor, Major- level of intelligence needed various types of work," said Miss General Sir Robert Hutchison, the Winifred Spieldman, one of the in Liberal Whip, and many M.P. vestigators to the institute.

who congratulated her, including Lady Ivengh.

Ixamples.

"There are three kinds of intelli- gence:-

The linguistic (those who possess it make the best clerical workers).

"The practical or mechanical. "The social (people who are good at dealing with their fellow men).

"The first two can be tested, but not the last. This particular social sense, however, reveils itself fre- quently in the course of an inter-

view.

the

DEMAND FOR WOMEN

DIPLOMATS.

SIR AUSTEN CHAMBERLAIN

OPPOSED

"MATTER" OF EXPEDIENCY."

FATAL PARACHUTE FAILURE.

AMATEUR'S JUMP FROM

EIFFEL TOWER....

PARIS, March 20th. A crowd of people who had gathered at the foot of the Eiffel HOUSE or Cosions.

Tower to-day saw on amateur para- Sir Austen Chamberlain, the chutist crash to his death.” M. Foreign Secretary, was tackled by Marcol Gayet, a jeweller by trade. devoted his leisure time to para- Women M.P.s in

the House chute experiments. To-day he de

Commons because women are not

admitted to the British Diplomatie Service

Miss Wilkinson frst called his attention to the fact that in the French service women had recently been appointed to responsible posts. As women held posts also in the

services, Mics Wilkinson asked if Soviet and the Bulgarian diplomatic Sir Austen was prepared to adopt this practice in the British service.

Sir Austea replied that he under- etood that the French Government, while giving women certain posts, provided that no woman should be employed abroad.

"Prejudice."

There were women employed by the Russian and Bulgarian Govern- menta. He did not think that any change in the British rules war de sirebls.

Miss Wilkinson: Do you think that British women are bebind foreign women in their diplomatic qualifications!

10.

Sir Austen said he did not think

Lady Astor asked: Do you think this prejudice ought to be maintain- ed a woman is fitted for a position her sex should not stand against her.

Mr. Runciman sat in the darkent corner of the Liberal beaches until it was just time to come forward. Twenty-nine Liberals attended to watch the ceremony. They crowd- ed the two back benches which is their allotted space on the Opposi tion side of the House, and they cheered like one hundred when the parade of three formed at the bar, bowed, and began the short but

to advance

Sir Austen eaid: I do not think nerve-racking

any prejudice entered into the mat- "Occasionally taste and ability clerks' table.

Everything went like clockwork ter. I think it is a matter of ex- do not go hand in haild," continued until the pause in the middle of pediency and that our rules are Miss Spielman. For instance, a

motor the House and the formal bow to beat. boy who wanted to be mechanic cami to see us.

the Speaker. When they started "He was keen and interested, but on the last stage Mr. Hunciman fell a little behind, and could not pick Ho revealed no mechanical ability. had, however, definite social char-up the step before it was time to acteristics. We advised him to be make the last bow over the table. Mr Runciman had no sooner come a salesman for a motor firm shaken hands with the Speaker, Here is taste and ability would and disappeared through the door as far as possible coincide, and behind the Chair, than she he has been successful. If he had

with reappeared

her husband merely followed his taste unguided from the division lobby door he probably would not have been a which

gives

the on

dimly- lighted back bench underneath the Striking Results.

gangway She chose to sit there while her husband went one bench forward to the more prominent position which his career in Par- liament warrants.

Buccess."

An experiment is at present being carried out in comparing the careers of 600 people advised by the institute with 000 who merely drift ed into their jobs. As far as can be judged at present the result is a striking justification of the methods of the Institute

The psychology of the workshop is also occupying the investigators. The nineteenth century was the age of mechanical science

that ignored the man behind the ma chine," said Miss Spielman. "If machines are installed with an eye on the worker the result is an in- crease of output and a zaving of Jabour. For instance, curved move. ments are easier than straight, and benches may be arranged to avoid unnecessary strain on hands and fect.

the amendmenta which may be "People think nothing of train- necessary, they point to the lacting for games in order to obtain that Germany has continually

correct stance and movements, and amended her public health in- there should be the same training

for work."

surance laws ever since they were firit passed more than forty years

ago.

The supporters of the measure claim, however, that the continued high deathrate, and the lack of in- crease in the population, make it The question arises immediately,

more than ever important that Par- "Hor do the people react to this?

lament should adopt a principle Sympathy existed among intellec I went to the theatre of the Rail- of legislation, which has been haifg tuals with the Opposition, but the way Workers' Club to see the trying fire for so many years.

out of a revolutionary drama, and ordinary man or woman held the opinion that it was criminal to try during the entr'acte descended to to disrupt the directive power at mcke, among crowd of privates, a high cavalry oficer, a major, a such a moment that the Opposition brigadier, and others. We all talk had became a national dangered freely, questioning and being That impression remains after a host of conversations with people in questioned. All were comrades.

I went to the Experimental all ranki of life

Thiatre, hoping to be refreshed with music. House and stage wero "Are the people contented Icrowded with soldiers, among those Yet, in passing through the en-, often asked myself. There is un- on the stage being man of the tire length of the country I never employment about one-third of the highest rank. One after the other heard an aggressively bellicos English unemployment, on the basis privates from all parts of the word. The talk which comes from of population-largely caused by Federation rose, spoke, and ended the leaders is, I believe, intended the influx of the poorest peasants by affirming their soldarity with! for home consumption. Their own into the towns But the Soviets the Soviets. In what other country | explanation is that they have to treat the problem constructively. could such things happen; or where take the people into their con They foster home industries to keep would the Commander-in-Chief step fdence. the pensant in his village. They forward in obedience to calls from train the unkilled in various privates and make a speech Yet trades to fit him for a job. They this happened to Vorechiloff before form small collectives (cartels) in

my eyes. As astonishing to me was the making and meading of small the sight of Rykof, the successor of machines, in wood and leather Lenin, being tossed in the air, work, in printing and typewriting, Russian fashion, by a group of sol- where these unemployed can earn diers to mark their appreciation! a living. And they grant licences to them for the mlo on, the streets of State-made smali goods,

The worken is in many respects

the

To anyone who goes about Russia with a seeing eye it is clear that the Red Army has a hold on people's affection. The fraternal re endly because all come from the

The universal desire is for peace? peace to go on reconstructing, peace to carry out the projects ferment ing in the minds of the rulers, peace to build solidly the new social state on the making of which they are embarked."

•

Some Conclusions.

That is, I believe, a thoroughly true statement. It is clear that space has enabled me only to indi- for myself alone; and that I have

n privileged person. If unemploy-lations existing when off duty 'come cate matters broadly: that I speak

ed, the rent of his room is 25

kopecks (about six-pence) a month, same class. Even mon at the top, had always in mind my experiences

FILM:

There are now eight women mem- bers, four Conservative. three Socialists, and one Liberal. There are still 606 men.

'CRESCENDO IN LOVE

LETTERS.

TO

"MY DEAR MISS"

"ANGEL OF MINE."

Letters which started with My Dear Miss" and later developed in a crescendo to My own be loved, thrice-loved beyond all else," were mentioned in a breach of promise suit which came before Mr. Justice MacKinnon and a common jury in the King's Bench Division March 19th. The bear-

자 ing was adjourned.

The plaintiff was Miss May Collymore, of Hambalt-road, Clap

M

HON. A. ASQUITH'S SECOND ham Park, and the defendant was J. H. N. G. Johnson, of Allison-grove, Dulwich Common, who, while admitting the promise, STRANGE SETTING ON THE contended that the arrangement to

UNDERGROUND.

marry was mutually rescinded, and he counter-claimed for the riturn of the ring and other articles The Hon. Anthony Asquith; son which he had given to Miss Colly-- of the late Earl of Oxford, has more.

chosen such unusual backgrounds as. It must be rare to hear of a the Underground Railway, a power man who got so many tons of love station, and a great West London off his chest sad so many millions store for his second film, which he of kisses on his notepaper between started directing last month. July 1920 and Apríl 1927," said "A roaring melodrama of Lan Mr. E. W. Cave, K.C., for Miss don life is Mr. Asquith's descrip-

Collymore, tion of the film, which will be en- titled Underground"

专家

Extracts from letters read by Mr. Care included:-

"My darling May, my meals have become tasteless without you.

"My dearest May," My own beloved," "With tons of love and kisses ad infinitum," "Tons of love and piles of kiases," "Angel of mine above all angels fair. My own be loved gift of God," "My owN beloved my angel, my all"

**Confidence.**

Miss Elissa Landi, the actress, will take a leading part in the pro- duction, and the cast will include Miss Norah Baring, who was dis

playing in a small part covered in a film in Berlin..

Mr. of 1919 as a starting point.

Asquith made his name and it rince progressively to two Frunze, Kamenef, Budyonny,

"Shooting roubles (about four shillings) i had risen from the bottom. The

That bring granted, I think that by the production of in material

He will be responsible for the

Stare reconstruction month, according to the pay he Soviet Government, in this, na in

both the cenario and the direction receives on his job. His hours are the choice and provision of officials deed. That in their educative pro Soviets have done very much in-

of his new film. fixed; they are coming down to and administrators, rely not, as in

One of the most unconventional seven a day. Through his Union ho the West, on the upper five per

gramme they have really advanced

The judge, looking at this pile will take place on of letters, remarked: "I see hero gets a reduction of from 40 to 50 cent, of the people, but on the lower a long way from the beginnings of scenes

escalator. The studio scenes will be that he is confident that they will per cent theatre tickets. He ninety-five per cent, with striking 1018, but the end is yet to seek.

"hot" at Elstree... has his club. This, quite unlike our results in the quality of the men

get on well together, and will end workmen's clubs, is housed in some discovered, and the further politi

up by becoming Sir Hugh and Lady Johnson" great building, often built express-

cal result of welding them securely ly, providing theatre, halls, library, into the Soviet system. reading room, rooms for educa- tional sporting, artistic circles of study, and a bullet where good and cheap meals can be got, though the strongest drink obtainable is tea. The work done in these olubs, political and otherwise, is immenee

rage for indruction rules there the

∙also.

Yet with considerable leisure and ample provision for employing it, it is difficult to say if the worker be contented, for his wages, com pared with those of the West, are mall. Still, if a poll were taken, my belief is that a substantial majority of the people workers and peasants would support the Boviet Government.

Aviation..

That in the vital, business of the only, scratched the back of the pro- peasant and agriculture they have them: it still waits solution.

That industrially much of the

waste of the wars had been made The response of the people to good, and forward steps have been wards aviation, practically a new taker. But for the fruition of their A since 1919, resembles that to themes the vital question is the ac wards the Army, I know neither unrulation of capital, which raises the aurober of Russian planes nor questions of policy in which the that of their stations. But I wit Western world is interested, and newed ono extraordinary do only the Russian rulers can decide. monstration: the biplanes were so That politically the Government numerous, their evolutions so, per is strong and are of massive up fect; and the evolutions and stunta port; that Conservatism (for want of the fighting monoplanes are best of a better term) rather than ex described in the words of an Ameritromism, reign That all want can: aviator, who stood by me:

This, in my job. I know what Aying is, but such flying as this 1 have never yet seen."

(Continued on next Column).

peace.

And finally, that those who take upon themselves to prophety the speedy fall of the Soviets are doom- ed to disappointment.

MERCURY TO FIND BODY., Mr. Cave said that in Septem

The body of Mim Norah Dean, aged £2, of Diddington, near Stam ferd, Northamptonshire, who had been missing from her home, was recovered from the River Welland.

The river, which rude near her. home, was at first unsuccessfully dragged," and a loaf of bread con- taining mercury was then floated down the river, as, according to an old belief, it would stop over a dead body. ⠀

It was, however, a footprint -ớn the river bank which caused drag- ging operations to be begun again. A verdict of Accidentally Drown 'ed was "returned at the inquest.

ber 1926 Mr. Johnson was writ- ing-

My own darling, my, all-Yes, darling, I do miss you terribly. Oh, queen of my whole existence, Oh, my little angel, you are the only girl in the world who com hines beauty, wisdom, and elegance with a profound sense of humour. Besides which you have natural gifts of speech, and manner so rare in these days Mr. Caye was referring to other letters when Mr. Justice MacKin non said: I think that is as much as I can bear to-day."

Subsequently the jury awarded Miss Collymore five poundr damages

cided to jump from the first plat-

form of the Eiffel Tower, a distance of 1861, to demonstrate the off- ciency of his parachute. The pars- chute failed to opeo, and he fell like a stone to the earth. He was picked up' dead.

INSURE

YOUR

BAGGAGE

WITH

GILMAN'S

"OGEAN" COMPREHENSIVE

POLICY.

NOW ON SALE.

[108

Directory & Chronicle

For the Far East.

1928 Edition.

THE DIRECTORY AND CHRONICLE; COMPRIS

ING NEARLY 2,000 PAGES, GIVES ALL THE IMPORTANT FOREIGN FIRMS, WITH THEIR STAFFS, ESTABLISHED BETWEEN VLADIVOSTOCK IN THE NORTH AND JAVA AND BORNEO IN. THE SOUTH.

It has been published annually for the past 65 years and is recognised by all European merchants as an INVALUABLE and INDISPENSABLE WORK OF REFERENCE.

The Foreign Residents comprise a list of nearly 20,000 names and addresses arranged, with the initials as well as the Surnames in strictly alphabetical order so that any name can be found instantly.

Not only is the Directory as full and complete in each case as it can be made, but each Colony, Port or Settlement is prefaced by a Description, carefully revised each year. The information in these Descriptions, consisting of a hundred interesting articles, packed with facts concisely set out, and containing statistics of the Trade of each Country and Port, would alone suffice to fill a large volume...

Large Volume, with Maps and Treaties $12 Abridged Edition

$8

Orders should be sent in immediately and

they will be dealt with in rotation.

HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, LTD.

Teleph C. 12,

11, Ice House Street