1926-12-16 — Page 4

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DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16TH, 1926.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY,

CAPT.-MILES AT THE HELENA MAY INSTITUTE.

DEVELOPMENT AND POSSIBILITIES OUTLINED.

וי

MANY USES OF WIRELESS IN THE GREAT WAR.

Wireless Teleghony.

Before a large audience at the Helena). Mar Institute Isat evening, when Lady The science of wireless telephony is of Clementi was amongst those present, great interest just now on account of the Capt. W. G. E. Miles, RN,,. of Stoge popularity of broadcasting. The human cutters Wireless Station, lectured on voice does not travel as a sound wave "Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony." from the mouth of the speaker to the Capt. Halifax presided.

Capt Miler said inter alia;---

In these days of broadcasting, the public have a surprising knowledge of the details, and an equally surprising ignorance of the elements of wireless, Wireless is a means of communication between one human brain and another In any form of communication there are three essentials-a transmitter, a receiver, and an intervening medium. At this moment my mouth is my transmitter, your ears are the receiver, and the inter- vening medium is the air of this room. The sound of my voice is conveyed to your ears, by means of sound waves.

What is really meant by the terms wave" Consider a piano if you strike the middle C," you set in vibra tion or oscillation a string which is tuned to oscillate at the rate of exactly 258 vibrations per second, It does this by reason of two properties it possesses weight and springiness, and its springi ness is adjusted by the piano tuner to the value that giver the required note, The result is a sound wave which is said to have a "frequency" of 236 vibrations or cycles per second. Air vibrations lying between two fairly well-defined limits produce the effect of sound. In wireless we are not concerned with vibrations of the air, but of the medium known as the "aether." All experience goes to show that light and electromagnetic energy generally are transmitted through space as a wave motion, and, we are led to the supposition that all space is occupied by a medium which conveys the energy, nad that this medium has properties different to those possessed by ordinary matter. We call this medium Aether."

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ear of the listener any more than it does in the case of the ordinary telephone, but it is turned from, a sound wave into a variation of current; by means of a micro- phone, and from a variation of current back into a sound wave by means of a telephone receiver.

So in England every night the other is set in vibration by numerous carrier waves-the wavelengths being chosen, so as not to interfere with each other-and. the voices or saxophones effect modula tions on the carrier waves which, after being dealt with in the receivers in thou sands of homes, are reproduced as speech, or American music.

.

What Wireless Has Done,

Before the war wireless was chiefly used for communication between, ship and shore or ship and ship. There were cer

in high power long range services, but they handied little real traffic and at a heavy cost: they did, however, serve to afford valuable information, and great credit is due to the pioneer companies, such as Marconi, Telefunken, Western Electric, etc., fer the way they persevered with expensive experiments. Then came the war, and the fighting services were enabled to concentrate some of the best brains of the civil world on their wize less problems, with the result that about ten years' normal progress was made in the war years. The epoch-making event was the perfection of the valve and it was applied to numerous principles în the Geld

In the Navy it made accurate direction- finding possible, while the direction finding stations on abore could fix any one's position accurately; among other applications this helped ships in making a harbour when, all shore lights were out. It also enabled transmitting power to be reduced. One application of this was that wireless was used for controlling the gunfire of a squadron without interfer- ence to or from the Admiral's communi cations with his cruisers, destroyers, and submarines, and with the Admiralty and other shore authoritica.

We know very little about, it but good deal about the nether waves. The principal nether waves are: Radium Rays," Rays, Light Waves (violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red) infrared waves, and lastly wireless waven. They differ in their effects: for example, a light wave can pass through a pane of glass but not through a brick wall, while a wireless wave can pass through a brick wall but not through a sheet of copper, and so on. They have only two things in common, firstly, that In the Army light portable sets were they all travel at the same rate-about used between front-line trenches and 188,000 miles per second; that they are HQ and in the retreat in March, 1918, all produced by the same cause, the rapid a great proportion of the British army's vibration of electrons. These electrons communications were handled by wire- are never in a state of reat, but are per-less, as so many of the field telephone petually on the move-like children

circuits were ent: In the Air Force good communication both ways was effected The two essential and fundamental between aircraft and ground grent components of all wireless are coils of boon All these developments were ren wire called inductances," and com-dered possible by the use of valves both binations of metal plates with air or some in transmitters and receivers. other insulator between them, called

Broadcasting.

Essentials of Wizeless.

►

condensers." A combination inductance Broadcasting started first in America, and condenser forms an electrical oscil- and then in England about a year later.i lator which can be set in vibration just America made a mistake in not control- as readily as a mechanical oscillator, suchling private enterprise by Government an the balance wheel of a watch, or a regulations. Too many stations opened violin or piano string. Consider the and the wavelengths were too crowded. balance wheel for a moment. One has a In England under the fatherly-some say wheel of a certain definite weight, ac-grandmotherly-guidance of the G.P.O., curately balanced, to which is attached the broadcasting wavelengths were so LF- the hair spring, whoac tension controls ranged that a listener can get almost the frequency at which the wheel oscil-any station in England or the Continent lates (normally one cycle per second), that he chooses Broadcasting has The motive force is the main spring of brought new interest into thousands of the watch. Similarly in wireless, Having homes, it is having a great effect on the generated the oscillation one must get education of the country, especially in it away from the station, and this is literature and music, it is even improv. done by the "antenna or "aerial ing children's pronounciation of English, wires. These are suspended from masts while in the recent general strike it was and connected to the wireless plant by largely responsible for its early termina other wires termed "feeders."

tion. The personal interest taken by the

The wireless plant causes clectrons to public in the B.B.C. programmes is very rush up and down the feeder wires, to great, and they receive thousands of and from the serial, charging it up to lettera every day about the programmes. very high voltages with respect to the One of their popular performers is a earth. This results in a radiation of friend of mine. He tells highly improb- energy in the form of an nether wave. able stories in a convincing manner and Elis Energy is shot away from the aerial very with a beautiful Oxford accent. much as a stout man who has eaten too? Erst story was about a visit of his to an much and is sleeping off the effects might empty fat in London, where a lady sud- shoot off his waistcoat buttons if his denly appeared to him and after an in- waistcoat were too tight! (Laughter.) teresting flirtation vanished as suddenly, The wireless waves having left the aerial dropping her handkerchief. The next spread out over the surface of the earth day he got 104 requests for the handker- in the form of eireles, like the ripples chief, and a proposal of marriage! As on the surface of a pond when you drop the sales were on he was able to comply a stone into it. They travel at the same with the first demand fairly cheaply, but speed as all other aether waves, namely had to decline the latter as he was 188,000 miles per second.

already married.—(Laughter.)

They stick to the surface of the earth I think it will assume more and more

As regards the future of broadcasting and do not shoot off into space because

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the upper layers of the atmosphere of an international aspect, particularly with the earth are rendered opaque to them the application to it of short wave, I sce by the action of the sun's rays, and this no reason why we should not have an persists even during darkness. The earth Empire broadcast on short wave, at times is thus sarrounded by a shell which keeps chosen to fit in with the after-dinaer

""" the waves inside it, and they travel hours in each. colony. found the earth in a sort of whispering true that Eril communica

SERIOUS DROUGHT IN JAPAN. What Wireless Might Do. gallery."

Vitia

An unprecedented drought, which has Caruso's Trick,

tions corrupt good manners" I think been extending from the summer until Whenever the wireless wave strikes ait is also true that good communications now, has caused great suffering in rural conductor such as an aerial wire, it tries make for better understanding, and the regions of Japan. The latest informa to start a current flowing in it-as a wind improved methods of interchanging ideas tion states that, in the Bendai district, tries to set frces shaking-the action may help in some small degree to ed-800 farmers are starving and that the being the reciprocal of that which cate the races of the earth to under- autumn crops have been completely ruin originated the wave. This is where, the stand each other better.

Some racial ed. question of tuning comes in. When a hatreds are inherent in national charac Other regions have also been severely piano is played, some vase or ather arnoter, others are due to stupidi misunder-affected and the stocks of food in soms ment will ring out whenever one parti- standings, and I look to wireless to help regions' are so small that they will soon

A.P.C. LAUNCH SUNK.,

HARBOUR COLLISION BETWEEN TWO OIL LAUNCHES.

A collision between the steam Isunch Gretellen, of the Asiatic Petroleum Co., and a launch belonging to the Blandard Oil Co., occurred in the harbour at about 7 o'clock yesterday morning.

The APC launch was struck by the bows of the Standard- Oil Co., launch cular note is struck. This is because the towards that comity of nations, that is be exhausted. Rain now is too late, 48 and was so seriously damaged that the piano note coincides with the natural so badly needed at the present day. the season, has passed, and the crops have Bank of the Yaumati typhoon shelter. note or frequency of the vase. I believe (Applause.)

The Standard Oil Co launch was also damaged.

a favourite trick of Caruso's was to pour A few questions were asked "the some water into a wineglass till it gave lecturer, one of the questioners being a certain note when tapped, and then Lady Clement Captain Halifax pro sing that note and shatter the glass by posed a vote of thanks to Captain Miles the powerful vibrations set up in it by for his instructive and able lecture, and

voice.

this was carried with applause),

hir

been destrayed.

The Government, which always keeps d'¦ big stock of rice on hand for emergencies, has sent relief to the unfortunate vil lagers and has further sent a commission to investigate into the delusi conditions and submit detailed reports.

John Marriott, of Keyworth, Notting- hamahire, has died at his home, aged 102,

-. -. .