1926-11-06 — Page 2

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SOVIET RUSSIA AND THE

CRISIS IN CHINA.

THE REAL DANGER,

(By PERCEVAL LANDON in the Daily Pelegraph.)

Extended "Red" Tefuance. This, then, is,the position. Instead of the Soylet Governraent holding Canton

and its immediate environs, and having! more or lesa at its orders an army in the North of China that had been driven out" of the capital and was occuping some what insecurely D position between Peking and Kalgan, the stream of Red influence now extends from the mouth of the Canton River to Hankow, in the centre of China, and from that point northwards it is irregularly, but affective ly, continued through Kalgan and Inner Mongolia to Urga and the Southern frontiers of Soviet Siberia. Let the Forsign Ofee se to it.

Even the least interested Englishman must have realised by this time that what may be called the national defence of

i Central China is being sorely pressed by Soviet militarism working inwards from both the North and the South. The his tory of the policy of Moscow in the Far East is ample. It will be remembered It is true that at this moment Sun Chuan Fang is making what is a more that after the war a determined effort or less successful Bank attack upon the was made by the central Soviet Cavern! Red line of communication in Hunan; ment to gain a footing among its Eusand it seems that Chen Chiung Ming pean neighbours. This effort has not has managed to create a panic on the outskirts of Canton itself. But in China, been entirely abandoned, but the break- more than elsewhere, nothing succeeds down of Bela Kun in Austria, the rise oflike success, and, though there is no im- Fascism in Italy the entire lack of enthu. niediate fear of Soviet influence making siasm displayed in Germany and the solid direct assault upon the coast towns. refusal of the British workingman to have there can be but one issue to this flood of Red inluence if it is allowed to con- anything to do with Communism, cul bined with the unwillingness of France and the natural hostility of Poland put an end to all hopes of any direct attack upon the capitalist nations. Moscow therefore, determined to seek other fields She had already flirted with Turkey, but the Lausanne Conference had zivea Turkey practically all the latter wanted, Mustapha Kemal showed no far. ther interest in Russian propaganda. Nor was the campaign in Afghanistan more successful. But Sovietism, like a prairie fire, burns most fiercely at the edge. It needs virgin soil-Europe and the Near East having failed it so in the two" enormous countries of China and India,

embracing hetween them pearly half the population of the earth, it saw its best opportunity. The direct road to India was, however, blocked by Afghanistan, and, though Amanullah was guilty of an act of unwisdom half a dozen years ago, it is to his credit that he has seen the suicidal issue of any dealings with those who bad already destroyed the State of his neighbour, the-Emir of Bokhara.

The Soviet executive therefore turned to the other most densely inhabited country of the world. It saw the pos- sibility of establishing the misery of its government among the 400,000,000 of China. It saw the chance. of exploiting in the south the known hostility of the Cantonese to foreign influence along its waterways, foreign administration of the Customs, and, perhaps above all, the hatred which has now become traditional between Canton and Peking. At the same time it perceived the internal struggle that was going on between the War Lords of the north. Feng Yu Hsiang, the famous Christian

Mar shal betrayed his master, and though he retained authority in the capital by the aid of his Reddish" Kuaminchon troops, and though he possessed, with the exception of Wt Fei Fu's Third and Tenth Divisions, the best-trained soldiers in Chinu, he was at a grave disadvantage he was entirely cut off from the sea and he was personally devoid of all courage.

Moscow's Chance.

tinue. The only effective opposition that can be put up lies in the co-operation. of Chang Tao Lin, Wu Pei F, and Sun Chuan Fang. At the present moment the first two are almost openly admitting their inability to work together; the third has sat on the fence so long that he is mistrusted by the other leaders. At the last moment something can be done. and should be done, by the foreign Powers who are interested in China. Wholly apart from their prestige, which has largely been lost already. it is a matter for them to decide whether it is. worth their while to maintain their enormous commercial interests in China or not. It would clear the situation

rently if a definite annonacement on this matter

were made by the Great Powers. The position at present seems to be that neither Great Britain nor the United States-and to them may be added France-is willing situation in China. Great Britain and to challenge the Feance have the excuse of urgent na tional and international interests nearer home. The United States understands nothing about foreign affairs, and would refuse to risk the life of a single of a single man in what they regard as a foreign entanglement. They believe that words rule the world, and they have not yet Lean inade to understand that for the time in China the day of speeches and professions of goodwill is över.

The Soviet Government.

The Soviet Government of Moscow are under no illusion. They know that their own authority depends upon acting with rapidity, and force, and certainly the events of the last few weeks have abun- daatly justified their policy. Their two representatives in China, Karakhan in Peking and Borodin in Canton, have done yeoman service. They have spent money freely, and have been undiamayed even when the tide of Chinese politics tunned against them. They have in- stituted centres of propaganda in Can- ton, Shanghai, Tientsin, Kaifeng, Peking. and other centres. They have turned the Russian Legation in, the capital into a ecllege, where not only the doctrines of Sovietism, but the practical methods of propaganda, are taught daily to strange-looking company of men and wonen. After all, they must earn their daily bread. Sametinies they have had to retreat, but rarely have they failed eventually to regain the ground that. they had lost. At this, moment there is a very real danger that before the year is out, with the exception of Manchuria, the jarring military sects of China will have been driven, sorely against their will, to accept a Communism as distaste- ful to them as it was, and still is, to the woujik in Russia. But the man in the street and in the field in China is even more helpless than the moujik to resist a regime which is imposed on him both by force and fraud.

?

!!

♫

"THE ENGLISH DO NOT WHINE."

4

This was Moscow's opportunity. The master of the capital of Ching could obtain no munitions of war from any other country but Russia, and he had lost face throughout his own country. The munitions, of course, had to be transport ed from Siberia ngrass a long stretch of the Gubi Desert, and even the smallest field-guns were dragged with difficulty. But the excellent organising power of the Christian Marshal largely overcame that difficulty. He had his back to the wall, and by commandeering camel-trains and motor-cars his organised a continual ser- vice between Urga and Kalgan. One of the characteristics of Chinese warfare is its tardiness, and though 2,000 camels and 100 motor-cars may seem insufficient for the supply of a modern force, the amount of munitions that can thus be accumulated during the pauses of p Chinese war is astonishing. Anyhow it was Feng Yu Hsiang's last hope of maintaining his position, and for it he was obliged to pay by an acceptance of PRAISE FROM A U.S. SENATOR. the tenets of the Soviet Government. Not for one moment do I believe that he really accepted the Marxism-run-wild, of Moscow. But he had burnt his boats, and unless he were be starved out by Chang Tso Lia and the growing force of his betrayed master, Wa Pei Fu, in the centre of China, he had no option but to nerept Sovietism. It is true that for a few weeks his lieutenant occupied Tientsin, and it was commonly believed

The English," he declares, “are a in China that had this occupation been wonderful people, and England is a permanent, that is, could Feng Yuation of dead game sports. English- Hsiang have enjoyed the facilities for importing munitions from overseas that other military leaders in China possess ed, he could and would have thrown off the Soviet yoke. But, as all the world States. The people are prosperous in knows, the temporary union between France, but it is different on the other Chang Tao Lin and Wu Pei Eu, combined side-of-the-Channel,-where-the-British with the revolt of Feng Yu Hsiang's have the most druth unemployment pro- licatenants against his personal timidity,biem in history, and are taxed to the lost the Kuominchun their access to the limit, in addition to having recently sea, and with it all hope of indepence of weathered a general strike of nation-wide Russian influence. Feng Yu Hsiang, at proportions. But you don't hear any the urgent instance of his own second-in-whine from them." command, fled to Moscow, and for a time Soviet influence in China was consider- ably diminished. But the secular hatred.

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paralyzed all joint action in the north, and the Soviets, who had established a working Government in Canton, saw their chance, and have made a successful raid through Hunan to the banks of the Yangtaze. Here they have occupied, first Haukow, the great river port, and Hanyang, the biggest arsenal in China; and now they have captured Wuchaag, the transpotine half-city of Hankow. niter a siege Insting some six weeks. At the same time, the lines of communica- tion by which Wa Pei Fu has attempted to reinforce from the North the troops whom he evacuated from Bankow at the time of its seizure by the Reds are being threatened by a flank movement on the part of the Kuominchun, divisions which were recently bolding the Nankow pass, thirty-five miles north-west of Peking.

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