1926-09-08 — Page 2

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2

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WHITE RUSSIANS IN THE CHINESE ARMY,

SMALL PAY, BIG RISK, LITTLE REWARD..

WHY DO THEY

JOIN 1

THEIR HATRED OF BOLSHEVISM.

It is a well-known fact that in the army of the great: War was especially hard. of Chang Tso Lin there are units com The people of the Votkinski works were posed of White Russian officers and not enlisted in the army at the front soldiers (writes a special correspondent because the factory was overwhelmed to the P. & T. Times). The Europeans with work, All hands had to work she in this country mostly disapprove. They whole day long at the works, and to spend wonder what induces these Russians to their hours of rest in working on their fight for the interests of this or that fields. It was hard," he said "but I Chinese general, and they consider them, would give everything to have that time therefore, as mercenaries or military back As long as there were no Balshe- adventurers who are ready to serve any-viks, the revolution had had little effect. body, provided they are paid for it. on the factory; there was only a little To anyone who is not familiar, with less order and a little less work. But the real facts it may indeed seem that when the Bolshevik Commissaries arriv this is so, but, in reality, if we inquireed, life became intolerable. They mocked deeper into the matter we shall and that It is otherwise.

at religion and the Church, they destroy ed family life by teaching that marriage A mercenary, first of all, wants money, was unnecessary; they levied taxes which and so much the more for he is risking amounted to robbery. On a calm sum- bis life. Now, what are the Russians mer night (like the present one) the peo earning in the Chinese army? A soldier ple of Fotkinsk, driven to extremities. besides his food, gets $14, & non-commis-armed themselves with scythes, pitch. sioned officer 8, a sergent 830 per forks, axes, and whatever they could lay month. A junior officer, who has to pro- their hands on and rushed upon the Reds vide his food himself, receives 840. This The battle did not last long; the soldiers pay is raised gradually for each degree fled and the Yotkinski men seized their of rank. A captain gets asc. There is, rifles and machine guns. So it happened moreover, no provision with the Chinese that these peaceful peasants, who had so military authorities as regards extra payar worked at the factory and in the or pension in case of complete disability. fields, became soldiers. Up to the end or compensation to the family in case of of 1929 Chirkoff went on Eghting the death. However hard the situation of the Bolsheviks, first in the Urals, then in Russian refugees. may be, it is not so

Siberia, Transbaikalja and the Litoral hopeless that for such a paltry reward provinces. When the latter fell he went people should go and risk being killed, to Harbin and became a cabman. or what is still worse, becoming a cripple

The Reason:- and a beggar. Evidently, therefore, it is nct money that attracts these men to the army of Chang Chung Chang. We must look for some other motives, and this is not so difficult. It will be useful to this end to give the biographies of a few of those people. These biographies are so similar that it suffices to give those of two or three men; the rest will be almost identical.

Some Biographies..

of the station Shaho are in view. Before. Our chat is nearing its end; the lights taking my leave I ask Chirkoff: I see you have fought the Bolsheviks for seven years, but what has brought you here? why should you fight the Chinese, who have done you no wrong?" He laughed heartily Do you think," he said, "that we are at war with the Chinesel No, here too we are fighting the U.S.S.R. Look at my rifle-it comes from Moscow and was niade at the arms manufactory at Toula. I took it from the enemy. The shells with which he bombarded us

bore the sickle and the hammer (the arms) and the inscription U.S.S.R. We are helping China in her struggle against the .S.S.R. and we hope that later on she will help us in her turn."

The Commander of one armoured train, T.C. Urachkovski, Anished the military school in 1915, and went immediately to the German front, where, before the Re-the other day were also Russian ones, and volution, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. When after the Revolu- tion the front broke down, he returned to his home on the Volga. As soon as the anti-Bolshevik campaign began at Kazan he joined the army of Kappel, in which be served during the whole civil war from 918 to 1022 After Vladivostok had been captured by the Bolsheviks he went to Harbin, where he found employment and earned some 800 month; which was not a bad for a refugee. His wife, being dentist, also, carned something. Yet, when he heard that Russian units were being formed to fight Fen Yu Hsiang, be at once left Harbin, and in the begia- | ning of this year entered the Chiness ser- vice with a pay of $50 a month. From the pecuniary point of view he had gain ed nothing by entering the Chinese mili- tary service.

This is a typical biography of each officer: first the great war, than the struggle against the Bolsheviks in Rus- sia, and lastly, when everything was lost there, the enlistment in the Chinese army. The biographies of the soldiers are more varied and interesting. I have be- fore me one by sergeant Chirkoff, former ly a workman of the great Votkinski iron works in the Urale. Some 80 years ago, when the works were founded, each work man received a plot of land and settled down on it with his family. So the work men at the same time became landowners. In each family some members worked in the factory, and the others in the fields. On a calm summer night I was.travel. ling with Chirkoff on a truck of the armoured trait. He tells me what a good time he had formerly in the Urals. He likes to talk of what has been so dear to him, he wants to open his heart to me, and I listen to him. He speaks of his family, and his home. He was well off, he had a house and a grove, a good deal of cattle, several acres of land, etc. He had to work hard but in return had a prosperous and happy life. The time..

FORMER HONGKONG"

GOVERNOR.

8rx, 1926

Here then is the clue explaining the reason why these Itussians enter the Chi- nese service. These words of Chirkoff reveal the hidden hope of a

man who has spent many years in fighting Bolshe vism and who sees in the victory over it the only means to work out the salvation of his country. He helps China in her struggle against Bolshevism and asks for it not money to improve his miserable conditions of life, but only this: "When all will be finished here, don't forget what we have done for you here, and help us in your turn."

Still more emphatically is this-ideo expressed in the words of another man Cherkasofi, a real soldier who had been at the front during the whole of the Great War. After the collapse of the front, he returned to his home in the province of Perm. As he puts it; he "conceived a bitter hatred' of the Bolshe viks for the breaking up of the Russian army." At his native village life was also herd owing to the Commissars. When in 1919 detachments began to be formed against the Bolsheviks he joined the White army. From, that time to the fall of the Litoral province he constantly fought the Bolsheviks. Then he went to Harbin, where be found employment, and led good life. When he heard that Russian units were being formed for the army of Chang Chung Chang, he hesitat ed a long time, but at last could resist no more, and, en hearing that most of his former companions-in-arms had enlisted, he joined them. All our people have gathered here again," he went on, "We start the fight again on Chinese soil; maybe we shall continue it on the Rus

an. The Bolshevik is now in plight. He won't be able to stand even a slight attack."

50rc

talents to beat. Born in 1852, he began life as a soldier. In 1880 he was com missioned in the Royal Engineers, and with them served in the Nile Expedition SIR MATTHEW NATHAN'S NEW of 1885 and in the Lushai Expedition in

APPOINTMENT.

CHAIRMAN OF ADVISORY COM-

MITTEE ON RUBBER.

His many friends in the Far East, which he recently revisited after a long absence, will be interested to learn, says the China Express & Telegraph," that Sir Matthew Nathan has been chosen by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to succeed that wonderful organiser, the late Lord Stevenson, as Chairman of the Government's Advisory Committee on Rubber.

India five years later. After acting as Administrator of Bierra Leone, he be came Secretary of the Colonial ́ Defence Committee in 1895, and in 1900 Governor' of the Gold Coast. From Africa he went to the Far East," where for five years ha proved a very acceptable Governor of Hongkong. Thence he was transferred to be Governor of Natal, at a time when that country had just come through a rebellion and the national question was very acute. But the new Governor's tact, clear insight, and sound judgment saved the Colony from a grave constitutional crisis that frequently threatened, and when he left to become the Secretary of.. Like his predecessor, Sir Matthew will the Post Office at home the first Army take up his new duties with everything officer to occupy that post-the country to learn about rubber, but he has had was far more peaceable than it had been a remarkably successful record in dealing for years. He held office at St. Martin's with problems that were equally new to le-Grand from 1909 to 1811, and then him, and his appointment has given the served successfully as chairman of the greatest satisfaction in City circles Lord Board of Inland Revenue, Under-Secre Stevenson's interests were about, as far tary to the Ministry of Pensions, apart from rubber as they could well he and chairman of the Special Grants when the task of saving the industry fell Committee. From 1920, to 1926 Sir. to him. If he had ever seen a rubber tree Matthew was Governor of Queensland, it was in Kew Gardens. The completely and retired less than a year ago after. detached mind be brought to bear on the winning the affection and respect of every. subject no doubt helped him considerably section of the community. in evolving the far-seeing scheme which bears his name and which, despite all op- position, has so wonderfully achieved its purpose.

Sir Matthew Nathan has had a most interesting administrative career in wide ly separated parts of the Empire, but does not appear to have been connected, even in the remotest way, with the great industry upon which he now brings his

Instead of returning to England direct Sir Matthew made an extended tour of disturbed China, where he met his brother, chairman of the British and Chineze Corporation, who was also visit ing China at that time investigating the troubles of the country and their effects upon the large British interests he re- presents. Bir Matthew afterwards visit ed Japan and Canada.

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