1926-01-15 — Page 9

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THE DECLINE OF PREACHING. Academic positions have passed almost MR. LLOYD GEORGE'S CAMPAIGN |

completely into the bands of laymen.

(BY THE RT. REV. HINDERT HÈYSLEY HENSON, | Save for the chaplain fellows, there are

BISHOP OF DUERAM.]

now few fellows left who are in Holy Orders Headmasters of public schools, beads of houses, even theological pro- fessors, are ceasing to be clergymen.

CHURCH MUSIC

The Archbishop of Canterbury directed attention to a fact which few will dispute when at the recent Church Congress he

LIFE TO BE SPENT IN SERVICES. OF MASSES.

BREACH OF PROMISE. THE FIRST FRENCH CASE.

Mr. Lloyd George at Leeds delivered A speech on his land reform proposals. Referring to a gathering of representa There may be compensations of another dwelt on the exceeding badness of the kind, but that the loss of intellectual tive Liberals which had met during the The case will be, however, a great shock quality and social influence has been very past week, to consider the proposals he great cannot be questioned. Since the said, "We were not all of one mind te intellectually considerable, it has tal-when we began but we were all of the clergy have themselves largely ceased to lawed inevitably that their prencking has censed to command the attention of the dicated public.

sermons in mary Anglican churches. His Grace opened the food-gate of a consider able discussion, which perhaps has been too one-sided to merit the description of

a controversy.

of

Th Grat breach of promise suit known to French law bas just been tried an Nancy, and won by the air plaintif The state of France is at present enim, says a Baily Telegraph leader writer.

that the action for breach of promise of to the world's jurists, who had imagined marriage was the special and peculiar been celebrated by our first legal autho glory of English law. As such it has same opinion when we ended." Changes rities, as, for example, Gilbert and had been made by compromise but there Sullivan, and many a judge has remark- There appears to be general agreement

was no fundamental change in plan. fed upon its manifold and startling that sermons are sometimes, even often, » V.—The `new_dominance of music in Substantial agreement had been reached possibilities. Bat of late it has not bad deplorably bad, but there is much differ-public würship. Of the modern preacher at that representative gathering regarding many friends. Judges have been more ence of opinion as to the causes of the the words of the Gospel may be spoken the policy which the Liberal Party meant pencerned to point out its abuses than" fact, as to its gravity, and as to the

His foes are they of his own household." to submit for ratification to the great its value, and carnest feminists have been possibility of improvement. Dr. Selbie In the organist and choir he may fnd his Liberal Convention which Wins to saying roundly they would rather be with- seems to stand alone in thinking that most formidable rivals. Not the least be held later. The Convention would out it. So für have we travelled since

preaching was never better than it is significant, and perhaps not the least be

character such AS bad the good old days when a woman could to-day "; and, perhaps, hig refusal to sinister, indication of a change for the not been summoned, he thought. in

suc man for the performance of his join in the wall of the Anglican Church worse in the preacher's position is the the history of Liberalism since 1991, contract to marry her and the Ecclesias about the poorness of preaching was tendency to include the music and even when IL great convention was sum. tical Court would see that he did, and more creditable to his denominational the singers in the weakly announcements mehed under the auspices of Gladstone stand no nonsense. In France, it ap loyalty than to his eritical judgment. It of religious services.

to decide on rural policy. Lord Oxford pears, they have no such specific breach must, however, always be remembered Modern speicty is always in a hurry and Asquith, Leader of the Liberal of promise law as we, with our elaborate that men who, Eke Dr. Selbie, are them. There is a persistent and waxing demand Party, had approved the proposal and provisions about who may are and bow selves eminent preachers, are less quali- for shorter services. The brief time. suggested a vigorous campaign. It was and what is evidence of a promise. fed by experience than others to estimate which is all that will now be conceded true, however, Mr. Lloyd George added, Until this play of grace o French the quality of sermons, since they rarely for the purpose of public wership, has to that all Liberals did not agree with the damsel ever wanted it. In the faithful bear any but their own.

provide for the music as well as for the proposals He proeseded, This is a enliland of France men were deceivers never It may perhaps, bo worth while to contermon. The one grows ever more elabor to the nation to deal with a great evil or hardly ever or, if they were, their sider what may be the explanation of this are, while the other shrinks ever into a and a deep wrong." Land, which was a ladies sighed no more, but let them go. admitted decline of the pulpit, and to con smaller space. Moreover, there is a dif- necessity of life, was being administered a more prosaic explanation is that in sider whether any recovery of preaching ference in type of congregation to be by monopoly in a way which was detri- France, though loving and wiving, as is probable in the future..

reckoned with. The lovers of fine music mental to the industry, prosperity and cliewhere, may go by destiny, the method Let it be premised that the course of pre rarely also the lovers of good preach-bealth of the people. The time had comp. is less liable to mistake and accident. social development has not been favouring Une interest or the ether must go for the nation to exercise more direct The lady's parents there take no more able to any of the historic forms of public to the wall ; and, in the existing circum-authority over that vital commodity and risks than human nature makes inevit- speaking. The speech, and the lecture, stances, it is not perhaps surprising that its uses. The great task which was in able. As soon as a man bas Cast an have probably suffered folly as much as the preacher generally giver place to the front of some partics was liberation of eye it becomes a family affair, and the sermon from the competition of the musicinas,

the nation from this strangling mocopoly his intentions have to be defined and printed page. Broadcasting will complete

» MODERN SERMONS

of land. Was the Liberal Party cap signed and sealed. Or else the contract the destruction of oratory bath as a fine These general uses have gone along able of undertaking it? He was con- is arranged without any sentimental pre- art and as a powerful agent for shaping with another which afects, not so muchfident that it was men's thoughts. In the case of sermons.the conditions of preaching, as

Referring to the sugirainaries at all. The game, in fact, is tha gestion that he had undertaken this land played with different rules, rules not however, there are certainly many factors preacher himself. The notes of authority, policy in order to get back to office, the favourable to the production of breach which militate only against them. It will of undoubting conviction, of assured bo Liberal ex-Premier declared, he had had of promise cases. suffice to indicate five.

The growing independ- lief, which have marked the greater a longer stretch of office than any living ence of the French damsel has, however, preaching of the past, are now largely man. He had served the Crown and tempted her to take her matrimonial abscut. This is the unavoidable shadow nation in some of the highest offces in arrangements into her own hands, and on religions ministry in a time of diffused the state. If now he chose in & more

the result is a felt want" of a law doubt and intellectual confusion. It is a obscure, in more humble position for breach of promise. This seems to matter of common observation that against many difficulties and amid may have been entirely overlooked by the scrupulous conscience goes often with a humiliations, to continue his task in jurists who framed the Code Napoléon, fastidiously sceptical understanding. The public life it was because he wanted to gentlemen of rather, old-fashioned opin educated modern preacher, whose cerity is linked with knowledge, mast spend the rest of his life in serving the ions upon the relations of the sexe

people from whom he sprang.

The ingenuity of lawyers has, however, often say with the compromising bishop

discovered that the mailen all forlorn in Browning's famous poen:-*

may sue under Article 1,389, which lays down the good general principle that "he who causes any damage to another must This seems to leave the repair it." matter of damages as much to the dis- eretion, or indiscretion, of the Court, as our English law. We hope that French. reluctance to be swayed by personal ir- judges and jurice will show that stern relevant charms for which our own are famed.

WEEK-ENDING."

1.-The mobility of the population, involving the loss of continuity in cos gregations. "Week-ending," which has for a long time been a feature of urban society, is now extending, thanks to the rapid development of motor transport, to the country villages. The effect. is that the preacher is tied always to the single sermon. He is unable to employ the method of preaching courses of exegetic sermons which was adopted with such remarkable success by St. Chrysostom in the fourth century, by St. Bernard in the twelfth, by Dean Colet in the sixteenth, by Archbishop Leighton in the seven- teenth, by Robertson, of Brighton, and Bishop Gore in the nineteenth

sin.

With me, faith means perpetual un-

belief.

..

Kept quiet like the snake 'neath'

Michael's foot,

Who stands culm just because he feels

it writhe.

}

Modern sermons tend to become rather Serious religious teaching is in these circumstances out of the question. The discussions about Christianity than the preacher must content himself with ar preaching of Christianity and so long as resting the attention of his audience and this is the case, they will fail to answer creating an impression. He cannot hope to the spiritual demand which the preach to form their judgment and to fashioning of the past has commonly satisfied. their habits. Perhaps the highest aspect of his office that in which he falls his duty as a teacher is thus in process of being obliterated, because continuity, the essential condition of effective teaching can no longer be counted upon

11. The decay of interest in theology Publishers with one voice assure us that there is no market for sermons. This fact is a fair index of unpopularity. When men crowded to hear, sermons they were eager to purchase them. Now they are zealous neither to hear nor to purchase. Sermons were once events; they are now hardly episodes...

4

TO EXPLOIT RUSSIA.

GERMAN-AMERICAN "POOL.”

"SHARES FOR BRITAIN."

}}

MOTORISTS' ` ADVENTURE.

STRANDED PARTY HELPED EY KING. ALFONSO'S" HEIR.

while motoring to Madrid, had a breakt

The ex-Chancellor, Dr. Wirth, recently returned to Germany from a prolonged visit to the United States, where he endeavoured to interest American capita- lists in his Russian economic projects. The Industrie und Handriezeitung, which In these circumstances can we discern has just passed from Stinnes's heirs into any probability that the sermon will re the control of the German Foreign Office, cover anything of its former importance now states that he has actually succeeded It is dificult to find ground for an athrain laying the foundation of a great "pool": live answer. The Dean of St. Paul's is for the exploitation of Russia by a com probably right in thinking that the bination of United States capital and A party of four English men and women, golden age of the pulpit is over German industry. What is aimed at is down in a deserted stretch of country, but will turn on the question whether there

the opening up of Russian natural re-. will be in the future any considerable return to the clergyman's profession of sources, and in connection with this area. finding themselves stranded and unable to speak Spanish, they made signs to the. the abler and more cultured youth. With tion of a network of lines of commupi-occupants of two hot care which were a better quality and equipment of the cation satisfying all the economic needs This it is proposed to

approaching them.

They were about to add to their ges- preachers much might be possible which of the country.

attain by a systematic plan for res- at present seems quite hopeless,

tares with a view to obtaining asist- At present the outlook of organised toring and developing the individual

ance when they found, to their delight, Christianity is very dark, but nothing is branches of Russian industry, and so

that one of the occupants of the ears, a more clearly suggested by Christian, His creating gradually an organisation in It would, perhaps, be excessive to infer tory than the untrustworthiness of ap which little by little shares would be young man, spoke perfect English. After any decline in religions interest, for the pearances when Churches are in question. offered to other States, and first of all stranger invited the English party to enter. immense sale of religious romances can- When Charles II. remonstrated with the to England." According to the writer of his own car, in which he drove them to the article both England and America Madrid, after arranging for two Civil not be explained on any other assumption poet Waller, whose son-in-law was

standpoint that Russia's than that religion is still interesting to clergyman, for "marrying his daughter adopt the the people, but theology, which must to a falling church," he is said to have economic reservoir should in the first Guards to take charge of the derelict car. Finally, he was not unnaturally compli- needs be the normal concern of the pul-received this answer, which is worth re- place be put at the disposal of Germany." mented on his perfect English, whereon pit, appeals to few. The same disposition calling at the present time, "Sir, the news agency which also has very he explained that English of mind which moved former genera King does me very great honour to take close official connections states that as 4 mother's nationality, adding that she was HAMBURG AMERIKA LINIE tion to buy Tillotson's sermons now makes any, notice of my domestic affairs; bat sequel to the Russo-German-Commercial the queen of Spain?

it worth a publisher's while to print first edition of 100,000 copies of a semi- religious romance. The sermon, in fact has ceased to be the popular instrument, for religious discussion, and the spiritual-Evening Standard. popes of the hour, are pot fashionable preachers, but, sentimental and specula- tive novelists. The suspicion that the sermon must needs reflect a prescribed theology is fatal to its interest. Men want to criticise, not to learn

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PULPIT AND PEW..

III-The low intellectual quality of the congregations. There is a subtle re- ciprocity of influence between the pulpit and the pew. In the long run congrega tions get the sermons they want, for in- sensibly but inevitably the_preacher adapts himself to his hearers. The sever- est critics of sermons · ara: hardly ever those who regularly hear them. Probably nothing has so degraded the modern preacher as the decline of church-going among the educated section of the people, When brief topical". harangues, spiced with vulgarities of phrase and word, are quite obviously what the con. gregation likes, is it any wonder that,

better is provided by the preachi er? This is a co-operative business," said Dr. Selbie, addressing his fellow- Congregationalists you will not get the best out of your minister unless you give your best to him.

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IV. The secularising of the Univer aitien, involving the disappearance "of scholarly clergy. Two generations ago Oxford and Cambridge were clerical pré- serves, and their great endowments were mainly devoted to the supply and maint tenance of a learned clergy, Clerical fellowships in the Universities were organically linked with college livings in the country. No doubt the; system was very objectionable on many counts, and no, one would seriously contemplate or even desire its revival; but it did ensurà a relatively high, standard of veterical Iearning, which was reflected both in the parishes, where the sermons were often scholarly productione, and in society, where the clergy commanded considerable deference. or s

All this has passed for over. Of its ancient monopoly of the Universities the Church of England now possesses only the inalienable heritage of its memories.

3

Government has have lived long enough to observe that Treaty the Soviet this falling Church has got a trick of already granted a number of concessions The conecs- rising again!"

to capitalists in Germany. HERERAT DINELM...siony are to come into force on the rati,

fication of the treaty this month.

a... short conversation the courteous

WAS

his

The hospitable young Spaniard was none other than the Prince of Asturias, the heir to the Throne, who “was motoring with his suite when he met the English motoring party.

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