1926-01-15 — Page 8

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JANUARY 16TH, 1926-

"HONGKONG-PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.

INTERESTING REVIEW BY THE LATE GOVERNOR.

"THE COLONIAL INSTITUTE LUNCHEON TO SIR EDWARD STUBBS,

The Government of Canton, which was which they began by saying they appeal a changeable body of some independent ed to him in the matter because they had nature in that it professed to be the Con-confidence in him that he was a sound

The

stitutional Government of China" and obeyed no constitution or government, fell into the hands of Bolshevik agitators from outside. It was no une ignoring plain Sir Edward Stubbs, K.C.MG., late those present whom he was glad to see facts. The plain fact was this; the agita- Governor of Haagkong" and Governor.in Hongkong during his term of office tion was started in Canton against Hong Designate of Jamaies, was chief guest of would hear him out when he said that kong by Russian emissaries in Canton. the, Royal Colonial Institute at a luncheon the Colony of Hongkong was one of which The Government of Canton was undoubt at the Cannon Street Hotel, E.C., on they were proud. (Applause.) The buildedly in their hands, and the insulting December 15th. There were

ings were good though excessively ugly documents received in Hongkong from twelve tables. The Rt. Hon. Lord Stanley of The roads were also good and admired Canton pasted through them. The result y people from all parts. One of these of having this Red régime in power in Alderley, K.C.M.G., prasided, and at his table were 'Sir Edward Stubbs, Sir God. ruse to the top of the mountain with a Canton was that they made a determined. frey Lagden, KCMG, Mr. Willia, maximum gradient of 1 in 14 and the effort to ruin Hongkong. They made no Moir, the Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Jamaica. road-surfacing of the Colony would chal-secret about it, and then proceeded, in a Sir Charles Luvas. R.C.B, K.C.M.G..lenge comparison with any he had seen

very careful manner, to terrorise the un- Str. J. Sandeman Alien, M.P.; Rt. Hon. elsewhere. The Colony's docks, in the fortunate labourers of Hangkong. The Sir Albert Spicer, Bart., and the Hen. hands of important companies, were able labourers of Hongkong wers is contented W. Ormsby.Gore, M.P. (Under Secretary to take any except the very largest of as any that might be so classed in the of State for the Colonies). The ethers

His Majesty's ships, and he thought that, work. The only sericus grievance, they present included Sir Roderick Jones, with any encouragement, they would be had was that the cost of living was en- EB.E., Sir Frederick Dutton, Mr. P. Plarge enough to take any modern ship of hanced by excessive house rents. „Macleod, Sir Campbell Rhodes, C.B.Ecommerce. They built many ships during real cause of this was the cost of forming lion. H. P. Colebatch, C.3.G. (Agent the war, chiefly due to the chciency and sites in Hongkong and "to get a reason- General for Western Australia). Mcheapness of Chinese labour. The ship able return on the outlay the charges for Andrew Williamson, Mr. H. F. Met. Sir bilding and engineering industry of reat were high. At the same time, thors Frederick Young, Mr. T. S. Baker: Hon. Hongkong, in his opinion, had a great was a shortage of houses in the Colony. Sir John Cockburn, K.C... M.D.; future before it. Before he came away. They took steps to deal with the situa E. J. Bolger, Mr. E. S. Cobbold, Mr. E.

one of the dockyards was building ships tion ja a manner possible in Hongkong, Mr. Janion, Sir Charles Addis, K.C.M.G...

for Australia.

but he did not think it could be recom- Although the territory of Hongkong mended elsewhere-they simply prohibit Lady Stabb, M.D.E. Sir Newton J. Stabb, QB.E, Mr. H. D. C. Jones, Mr. covered more than 400 square miles,ed the increasing of rents (Laughter.) great deal of it was barren and useless Stanley Dadwall, Mr. L. N. Leefe, Mr. T. Stephen, Mr. J. C. Fraser, Mr. H. G.

for, any purpose, and what remained was Pagg. Mrs. Patrick Ness. Lady Goold devoted to the cultivation of rice and Adams, Mr. W. Mosenthal, Mr. Walter vegetables for the Hongkong market. He Leward, F.C... Captain Oldfeld, Mr.feared there was no agricultural future H. T. Chapman, F.C.S., Mr. Edward before the Colony. Any form of agricul- Salmon, Mr. F. A. Hook, Mr. W. M

ture that might be introduced would be Bitka, Mr. G. A. H. Samuel, Mr. J. G. W. in the way of providing for the needs of Ellason, Mr. F. G. Sale, Jr. R. H. the town, which was growing very rapidly Ferguson, Mr. . . Jack, Mr. W. B. They had been disappointed in their Elwes, O.B.E.. 3. W.. Chamberlain, search für minerals. It had absorbcú a RE, Mr. Marshall Reynolds, Mrs. 1. good deal of gold rather than produced

The intimidation was worked in this C. Reynolds; Mr. G. S. W. Smith, Lt. Col. the coal they wanted. However, they had way: they called out the workers by

Eccles Snowden (Agent-General for hopes of eventually finding it, but so far degrees, starting with the domestic ser Tasmania)," Mr. 4. M. Boughey (Secre- I these had not` materialised. If they did wants. But they found to their surprise tary), Mt. C. E. Ponsonby, Mr. Ben H. fund it, which, was very doubtful, they that, having been warned by an experi- Morgan, Colonel Franklin, OBE. could produce their own fron, and there ence of two or three years ago when they F.S.O., Mr. Fiennes Barrett-Lennard would be no question whatever as to the had a general strike, the European people hief Justice Designate of Jamaica), | Enture of the engineering industry, Hong of Hongkong were quite prepared to face Min. J. Salmond. Captain Baynes. Mr. | kong at present was entirely dependent life without servants. "I never suffered J. H. Stead, Major F. H. W. Fox, Mr. South China, and South China in myself," said Sir Edward Stubbs, amid H. C., Amos, Mr. W. de Salis, Mr. A. II. recent years had been very difficult to laughter, "because I forewarned my staff Boyd, Mr. J. Farrow, Js, E. B. P. Jack. depend upon. He thought be was right it would be better for them to stay with son, Mr. Eric C. Buxton, Mr., T. Petrie, in stating that for fourteen years there they were offered was free lodging and me than go to Canton,” The inducement:

had been a state of way in. Kwangtung free food, or twenty cents a day instead of food. It was about the time of the Province, yet in spite of this disadvantage Ching Ming festival, a holiday time, and Hongkong was carrying on quite satisfac: many of the servants, deluded into accept. torily in every way up to the end of lasting, went to Canton, where they were provided with lodging of a kind, but not year, Hongkong was one of the most as a rule with the twenty cents. He did not know it the Government provided the lightly taxed places in the world-it man-

twenty cents, but, if it did, the money aged to evade the income tax, it charged did not get as far as the strikers. custom duties," nothing except on (Laughter.) Having induced so many to iquors and tobacco, and its revenue had reluctant ones by threat, a singularly go, they then proceeded to force the still been sufficient to enable it to carry easy thing to do in China. Lots of the Chinese came from the provinces, where contract for great works of public they left their wives and children, and, utility, draw up a programme of greater if they had neither, they had their an pubffe works, and pass on to His Majesty's Government a sum of a quarter had some doubts that it would be better of a million sterling, as to which they employed in the making of the Singapore base. (Laughter.)

etc.

After the customary loyal toast, the Chairman brichy,proposed the health of Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs, who had just returned from longkong, where be had been Governor, and was now going as Governor to Jamaica.

Sir EDWARD Strots, who was received with applause, said it was not a very easy thing to talk about Hongkong he

he might perhaps be cause, although excused for regarding it as a place of great importance, be was afraid that view would not be shared. There were many who regarded it solely as a little red spot on the map, and he could only wish, in i those trying times through which the Colony had been passing, that it had been possible to present it on a large-sealo rap, for he did not think that sufficient mutice had been taken of the situation out there by the English papers. “

THE COLONY'S DEVELOPMENT.

flis great difficulty in speaking about

-DIFFICULTIES ARISE. -

N

And when this step had been taken the only real grievance was removed." It was true the Chinese worked for small wages, but they were an economical race and could live on little, and so far they had survived very well their contact with Western civilisation. On this somewhat- reluctant material Canton began to work, first by intimidation and second by threats.

"THE RED TERROR.

person of right judgment and wonki do the right thing. (Laughter.) So the course he took was not so unpopular after all (Laughter.) That it was unpopular in Canton he knew from reading a very interesting paper called the « Canton Gazette, edited, he thought, by a Chinese

educated in America. He had no detail-

ed news of the situation since he left, except that it remained pretty much as it was with occasional disorders on the border, which increased in number until he was compelled to tell the patrols to return fre. He fancied these had been resumed, and he had no doubt that cases would recur till the trouble ended. When that would be was another matter. He could, not tell how long it would last, but he had great faith in the good sense of the Cantonese, and he thought they would be able to rid themselves of the Red elements of the present situation.

SOUTH CHINA RAILWAYS. If there was no disorder in South China Hongkong had a great future, and for this reason: it rejoiced in the possession of one of the shortest and one of the most expensive-to-build railways in the Empire, the line connecting Hongkong with Can- ton. They had not run one through train for at least a year on account of these troubles. On the other side-of Canton there was a line which extended some bundreds of miles in the direction of Hankow. Thero wore about 950 miles required to complete it, and there was i line of only four miles required to join. the Kowloon-Canton and the Cartoo- Hankow lines. When these were built

cesttal tombs, and, these they threatened Anybody who knew the reverence the} realise that that was a very serious Chinese paid to his, ancestors would threat, and it brought out many people who were entirely reluctant to go. They then proceeded to call out the guilds, including that of the sanitary and Up to June last the position was ex-scavenging staff of the Colony. Thanks! tremely satisfactory, and he, as Governor, to able assistance rendered by the looked forward to handing over to his Chinese members of the Council and other successor a thoroughly satisfactory pro leading Chinese, the Government was able gramme which he could carry on or after to capture a certain number of persons as he pleased. Unfortunately at that who were going about the town intimidat. time there arose certain difficulties ining people. The Chinese were easy to other parts of China which caused fric-intimidate. All that had to be done was tion between the Chinese and foreigners.to whisper to a Chinese, Take care, or The population of Hongkong was abso you will see a thing." The authorities lutely contented and perfectly peaceful, succeeded in capturing a number, who Hongkong was that it was almost impos-as Chinese are when properly governed. were preventing Chinese from returning sible to do so without dealing to see arose in other parts of China were used fact that they had no grievance a word Unfortunately. the disturbances, which to work-and he again emphasised the extent with the affairs of China, and that by persons from outside of China to stir in the ear, and they simply left thei was a matter which, for many reasons, up the reservoirs of the criminal class, work. Having caught some fifty of these

always large in China and particularly intimidators and having got them sec he did not desire to do one of the reaso in Kwangtang owing to the fact that tenced to a reasonable term of imprison- sun being present at that, table at the for years they had been at war. The ment, be extended the, prison regulations crops of the peasantry had been destroy in a way which made it possible to am- moment. (Laughter.) Had he had theed and a large proportion of the popularloy such persons on necessary sanitary honour to accept their invitation to lunch tion had taken up as profession what work. (Laughter.) For this, of course, about a year ago, he could then only have they previously regarded as an avocation, he was singularly unpopular, because piracy and brigandage. It was impossible most of the intimidators were either told them facts about Hongkong which to deal with them satisfactorily with the toughs from Canton who had learned might be found in any book of reference, use of the Navy, because attacks were nothing but piracy, and many others were made from inside the ships by pirates students, and the long-coated class had Hongkong was acquired in the early 40's,

Posing as passengers with the assistance never had any particular desire for work for the purpose of a depot for English and connivance of the crew, and also be of any kind. (Laughter.) The practice. cause it was always possible for the of casual intimidations then died out, but trade and a pince where merchants who pirates to find a safe refuge on the China there were one or two attempts of a had been thrown out of Canton and even coast within a few miles of their attack. bolder character. These were dealt with of Macao by the local authorities of Can-sent, solved itself because there was which was formed, and it protected labour The problem of piracy had, for the pre- through the Labour Protection. Society ton, who in these days were not quite nothing to pirate. (Laughter.) But when by preventing people from interfering so independent of the Central Govern-normal times arrived he feared that the The results were very interesting, and suc problem would have to be faced cace cessful, and after one or two trifling in ment as they are now. Hongkong owed more. He thought it would be necessary stances the process of intimidation en much to the colonising genius of the Eng-for the Admiralty to supply a consider tirely ceased, except by the use of the

ably larger number of small gunboats telephone. This method was to ring u lish and Scottish ruces. (Applause.) The than had previously been available, be the head boy of a bouse and tell him be Colony, when they took it over, was more cause, although it was not a safe method, was to come out, This succeeded in or less a barren rock inhabited by thou there was a great deal to be said for a bringing out the whole staff, which caused Band or two of fisherman--and pirates system which had already been carried great inconvenience to some people who whose successors still carried on the same on with a considerable amount of success allowed their servants the use of the tele- trade. (Laughter.) In later yenra it had In fact, it would be some years before phone. By the time he left, however, in- been converted into a really big city, Kwangtung would be able to do. what it timidation was over, and he might say. clinging on the side of a somewhat pre- did for some years previously-provide injustification of the course which he had eipitous mountain out of which sites had additional armed launches for the suptaken, that one of the last documents he heon how at great expense and with pression of piracy and brigandage at its had in his hands before he left was a considerable engineering kill. Several of own expense..

letter froni one of the labour guilds in

Me

there was no question that the trade of South China, which came through Hong- kong, would be very much greater. could not see any possibility of Hongkong being cut out by any other port, nor was there any convenient port in the neigh- bourhood. The Cantonese were talking seriously about developing Whampoa They might develop it into a new port by spending large sums of money, but, far from huiting Hongkong, it would only da it good. They could never get large steamers up there, and it was obvious. Hongkong was, and would remain, the best place for transhipruent. In the ques- tion of competition between Hongkong and Whampoa, there was no douht Hong- kong would win, and Hongkong, could always meet competition by making itself an entirely free port. He did not think there was any reason for Hongkong to fear such competition. One important thing was the completion of these two railway lines. The Hankow line would requires considerable amount of capital but if China returned to peace he had no doubt the British-China Corporation would find it. With regard to the other line, the link between the Hanko line and the Hongkong line at Canton he thought of financing that through Hong- kong firms years ago. Unfortunately, it was impossible at that time to get the Canton Government to agree to thing. Dr. Sun Yat Sen was at one time quite prepared to work with the British Government, but the opportunity passed. Dr. Sun died, and the result of his death. was that the power passed into the hands had neither bis capacity or his tolerance. of certain persons, bis supporters, who That was the beginning of the Bolshevik movement in South China.

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THE DIRECTORY

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1926.

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