1925-01-24 — Page 4

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THE MEDICAL CONFERENCE

LEPROSY: SOME INTERESTING FACTS.

LEPROSY IN INDIA AND CHINA.

Yesterday was the third and conclud. obvious lepers would therefore only skim It would not get at the ing day of the Joint Conference. It will the surface. be, followed on Monday by the opening early cases or eradicate the evil. It was of the 17th Biennal Conference of the like cutting off the weed above the China Medical Missionary Association. Iground, while the foot was left to spread

The opening address as the morning below the surface. session yesterday by Dr. E. MUIR, of

3

All attempts to produce hunian leprosy the Calcutta School of Tropical Medi- in the lower animal had so far failed.. cine, onLeprosy," formed an admir-la other words, the resistance of thes able introduction to the series of papers lower animals was sufficient to overcone that followed on the same subject and the infection when it had been inoculat. which proved to be full of interest and ed.

.

it

information. In the very short time at Ons of the discuses which there was a his disposal, Dr. Muir was unable to go good deal of reason to believe was a very fully into his paper and could only out-common important factor in leprosy was line a few of the principal points con- syphilis. nected with this important subject.

Dr. John Kirk, ER.C.S. (Edin.), Canton (President of the C.MM.A.), presided and welcomed Dr. Mujr, on be balf of the Conference.

PAFER BY DR E MUIR

A

1

11

All febrile conditions prediaposed "to leprosy, especially fever of prolonged duration. or those which tended to leave the patient weak and prostrate. Another predisposing cause of great. importance in India and which would probably be of equal importance in China, was book- worm disease. In five leper asylums in India where they made a systematic

20 per cent of the inmates infected..

Diet was most important and patients should "always have plenty of fresh food and vegetables, milk and batter. Absorp

OF CALCUTTA, - Dr. Mein said in the Indian census papers the last column wis devoted to what were called the three afflictions": examination; they found on an average: Insanity, deaf-mutism and leprosy. There are no columns for other diseases: in- deed leprosy was regarded not as a dis- ense which might be cured or which would end fatally, but as an affliction-aution of toxines from the bowel prédis- afiction of the Gods" the Indian would posed to leprosy. Abundant exercise call it for some sin committed in way most important and great benest former life. Leprosy was called in india was derived in leprosy from it. He ad-

The Great Disease."

vised his leprous patients to walk 15 le was assumed, he said, that leprosy miles a day or take its equivalent in was self-healing disease; that in some other form of exercise. Climate typical case a fey bacilli were introduced was a most important factor, as either into the body which after a longer or excessive beat or excessive cold seemed shorter incubation period increased in to be favourable to leprosy, and the rea number. co a suheen extent to cause son why leprosy was so much more com- legians, and that, as in other bacterial mon in southern than in northern China diseases, immunity was gradually formed was probably dependent more upon the) « which caused recession of the infection humidity than upon the temperature. until a cure resulted. In other words, The mental factor must not be neglected leproty was comparable to açute | and, all these factors must be taken in bacterial disease such as, suy, enteric, full consideration when dealing with guly that whereas in enterie the disease leprosy. Having eliminated the predis eliminated itself in 21 days leprosy peing cause or causes and ensured that might take 21 you. That was the eggert 17 patiens would remain under hygienic tial difference. Lewis not a fátakan cherful, conditions, that be would! disease It was because it was not have abusifant work of a suitable nature fatal disease that people dreaded it so to keep him occupied and that he was much.

having suficient vigorous exercise, the nature of the various methods of special treatment suitable to the class of case This should be should be considered. local and general and was of various formà.

40

Ghat stress should be laid on the im- portance of early diagnosis and treat ment. In Calcutta they had found that of their Al cases, who were efficiently treated and who persisted with treat- ment for a long enough period, almost Dr. Jous Kins wxpressed thanks to 100 per cent lost all active signs of the Dr. Muir for his paper and meusioned disease within 2 comparatively short that at the Biennial Conference on

time..

Monday, two hours had been set apart for a symposium on leprosy, and no doubt they would hear more fully on this important subject from Dr. Mair then.

CHINA LEPER SURVEY.

While it was impossible to claim a per- manent cure for a disease in which the bacilli might lie latent for 20 er 30 years without-producing any noticeable, active signs, it would be readily seen that, if they had the mans of arresting the dis

in the Medical, Pharmacelogy, and ease in its early stage, they had a fair Pubbe Health Room Dr. H. rowler. prospect of ridding the patient entirely (Shanghai), submitted a paper containing of the disease to the extent that no some very valuable information con- Active signs would appear again providcerning "The China Leper Survey." Ha ed the patient remained in good general said that for his purpose he had divided health. Many such cases which would China into parts: the six maritime, have passed on into the more advanced Provinces, the five Yangtzes Provinces. stages, would in this way be prevented the four North-west Provinces, the three from becoming a public menace. In Southern Provinces; and the Outer other words, they would be able to cat Provincen. To a select body of medical and consular officials in these off the infection at its source, and there-men in lay the chief hope of finally stamping provinces, a questionnaire was sent deal- ing with the attitude of local authorities, out the disease.

treatment and "segregation. Frock the At present in most countries leprosy majority important matter was received as looked upon with sach dread thas in reply. The Maritime Provinces re- the unfortunate sufferers were diemiss-

ports showed clearly that the disease ed from their employment as soon as was endemic, was widespread in Kwang- they were diagnosed as suffering from

tung, cases continually arising the disease, no attention being paid to estimate the total number of lepers in whether the disease was still in its early, Kwangtung, or any other given section, non-infectious stage or had passed on to was impossible, but cases were frequent a stage in which it was highly infectious in the towns, though less frequent in the The patient on being dismissed from his mountainous districts. Some were found employment or because of the social in Fukien and in Kinngsu, and in all big ostracism to which he was exposed became cities. Many of the great number that mentally and physically depressed, a con; existed in Bhantang were found to be dition which was, most favourable for the from Kwangtung, In Weibeiwar there Tapid increase of the disease:

were thirty cases, one in every 3,000 of It was most important that all cases the population. Shantung had a case in should be diagnosed at the earliest stage. every ten thousand, while in Chihli the Unfortunately, the usual method of deal. disse was practically unknown. ing with the disease was the opposite of considered the Maritime Provinces ne a this: the patient, afraid of the conso-basis for research work by authorities district which would form an excellent quences of the discovery of his illness, and the medical man The disease was hid it as long as possible. Especially

To

Ho

among

the coolie and beggar class Honen in parts reported the disease prevalent and in Hunan there were numerous cases. Kiangai had eaacs and the Thibetan lepers there were generally of the better classes. In Szechuan leprosy was rarely found, except among the aboriginal tribes.

was this the case in countries in which particularly prevalent in Central China nine-tenths of the cases were found segregation was carried out too relent within a sixty-mile radius of Harkow. lessly by law. The result of such laws All over Chins the majority of cases were was often to remove the more obvious lepers from the community, but the most obvious lepers were not always the most dangerous ones. It was generally, sup- posed that the most dangerous lepers were those with open ulcers, indeed ac cording to the leper law of 1898 in India, a leper was only a leper accord ing to the act when ho had a discharg ing sore. The majority of such soreE TREATMENT OF LEPROSY. were of trophic origin and only appear Dr. V. G. Heiser (New York), belug ed. in: the stage when the disease had unable to be present a paper by him

the on “The Purulia Leper Asylum in India

by Dr. Ander contained some 200 or 800 inmates be son, in by Dr. Heiser stated that onco, gathered all the lepers who had porte showed that Chaulmogra" Oil an opes ulcers. There were 250 in all. Of peared to have the best prospects of these, only three cases showed bacilli in success, especially in the early stages of their ulcers. The forcible segregation of the disease.

near burned itself out,hich for Le Present status of the treatment

was

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