1925-01-23 — Page 4

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THE MEDICAL CONFERENCE CHINESE CHILDREN AND FOODS.

YESTERDAY'S PROCEEDINGS.

INTERESTING PAPERS ON PUBLIC HEALTH QUESTIONS.'

Dr. MeCandlise to

In the Physiology Sertion a paper pre pared by Dr. John Hammond (Peking), on The growth of Chinese Children and their Foods," was read by Dr. Cug (Peking)

The Breaker stated that the observa- school for por Jan were made at children, the main conchision being that

Camese children were normalig below the The American height weight standard.. average Chinese food was extremely low in protein-much lower than the normal diets of European countries.

Fra ata

M

Hongkong, in which year probably more than 3,000 persons died of the disease we had at the present day. amongst a far smaller population than

HOW PLAQUE SPREAD.

In the early days of the epidemic in this Colony the etiology of plague being unknown, little was done in the matter of quarantine. Owing to Hongkong's position as a centre of shipping in the East, plague, in the course of three ar four years, became spread along maritimo trade routes to a vast number of parts in many countries throughout the world, including Japan. the Philippines, the Pacific Islands, South America, Madagas

Dr. H G. EABLE suggested that the The second day's programme of the of the back door, hut found later the man

war and Mauritius. India became infect ed. almost undoubtedly from Hongkong were under wright and Joint Conference of the China Medical bad recovered it and eaten it. Sometime Chinese as a race had effected a great

because they Missionary Association and the Hongkong afterwards an official with a retinue call. Feronomy in diet and it did not mena that and Chion Branch of the British Medical ed on him and surprised him by telling under height as compared with the in 1806, and Indin proved, fortile soil, and his cholera patient standards of other countries, that the plague caused ten million deaths in the were any the worse off. Most Western-subsequent 20 years.

Plague apparently came to Hongkong far too much, although the Association was taken yesterday at the him that he was Hongkong University. The morning see. (Laughter.)

Dr. McCandling other experiences in Chinese thought that to be fat was from. Yunnan, about 800 miles distant, where it was known for many years to sion comprised over twenty-five lectures

Dr. Rein said that North China was. abe endemic. It spread to Pakhoi in 1993 in the various rooma of the University,cluded plague. He said he had had had sign of success.

The conditions ton, the first once there occurring several and the opening address was delivered by cases which had completely recovered rich field for experiment unequalled in mul later made its appearance in Can-

12 very interested As his number of patients increased be any part of the world. gathering of delegates, who completely found it necessary to make a charge for existing in this area could not be pro-months before the commencement of the to March they had a vast population - Board of Hoogkong was instituted in filled the School of Engineering Room, those who came into hospital The first anywhere else. From September epidemic in Hongkong. The Sanitary in which the address was given. The year this system nearly closed the hosing on a diet which he was sure. lacked 1883, its nativities being concerned chiefly winter het was inadequate, but that did improvement of housing conditions. subject of his address, was "Medical pital until the patients found out that vitamines. The vitamine content of the with the scavenging of the City and the its scope extended to include anti-plague Experiences during 40 Years in China. they needed the hospital more that the not alter the fact that the people pons- When the Board was enlarged in 1894, measures, and it bad retained these fune- speaker needed the patients. When aibly had a reserve of vitamines stored FORTY YEARS IN CHINA Dr. McCANDass opened an exhaustive patient had put down his money he wasup out of their summer diet. He was of

food contained more vitamines, the peo present duy

The housing conditions and generat and comprehensive paper with a brief apt to stay by you, but this served well the opinion, however, that if the winter tions, with little modifications up to the famines came, but would be able to take sanitation of Victoria at this time were deplorably had, and the Colony was in- history of the island of Hainan, in the in maternity cases, giving mother and ple would not just give up when the

up the problem for themselves.. period before it was largely inhabited by child a chance for continuous care.

Dr. Lix argued that the question of viting pestilence. The cutbreak of plague Since 1915 he had continued the chaul- Chinese Dr. McCandliss said that Mr.

marvel, when they noticed the condition Government medical staff available, and Jeremiassen began work in the fall of moogra oil treatment for løpraay, Con-vitamines had been overdone. It was a threw a tremendous strain on the sciall were enrolled to cope with the epidemic. 1881, having headquarters in Hoihow. Haditions had improved and there may have the poorer people, how they kept fit. members of the Army, Navy and Police later sent for help and the speaker was been a cure in the case of a girl of 17. The question of vitamines bad been over-

con- stressed because they were rather incline In their Honour, a silver medal was struck, the 1694 campaign. The attention of the the first to arrive and began to learn the At least they were encouraged to

And that only a small quantity sufficed. language and assist in the medical work. tinue. He also spoke of the great beneed to forget the essential nature of them and presented to those who went through Dr. READ advanced the opinion that scientise world hocame theussed on Hong- Mr. Jeremiassed was not a qualined medi- fits of vaccines and serums which were

adequate diet, he was sure the country- notably by Japanese medical men. The cal man, yet it was remarkable what he unknown when he first went to Hainan, while the city children might get an kong and research work was commenced, children did not During the efforts of D. Kitasato were rewarded by -side could do. In a market town in a stay of and which were now freely used.

In 40 years of missionary work in Hai-winter months the poorer children of the discovery of the furcillus pestis on about four days, cataracts, splinting frac tures, extractions of bullets and a,sur-wan there had been 67 missionaries there. North China suffered from a deficiency June reth, 1994, at the Kennedy Town

In the same section's paper on "Recent Thitty were now there. Eleven had been of vitamines in their diet.

Interesting reports on various aspects. was presented by Dr. R. K. transferred to the Mainland, seventeen advances in the physiology of gastric CONTAMINATED WATER BLAMED. had retired, and nine had died. On ac.secretions

. Chun-: (Harous belief in the immunity of opium count of the warm humid climate, which S. Lim (Peking); while a paper on "The of the plague were published here be

was submitted by J.

Contaminated made recovery from serious illaess dit infuence of Chinese diet on disease tween 1505 and 1915. About 1884 a curi- Metabolism" by H. G. Earle (Hong shown to be false und probably spread

hy interested persons. ficult, missionaries now had a year at bin); and another treatise on Basal smokers was prevalent, but this

kong)-,

water was blamed for a long time, which, led to the enclosure of a large number home after five years of service.

Three things he considered necessary

Other papers included "the following of domestic wells, which were then com

Large numbers of for China were, a new spring of action

animal feeding experiments with plagao which could come only through construc- in the Surgery Department O. Thomson mon, in Victoria. new discipline through (Canton), on Gunshot Wounds"; W.

B. Russell (Changchow), on "A study material were undertaken, but the re- tive religion; a effective government; the kind of philan- of railway and war wounds" and Dr. anlts were inconclusive and were even-

fapaxy.

the present Medical Officer of Health, However, they were able at a later thropy which was the outgrowth of chris K. H. Digby (Hongkong), on."Litho- taally disputed in Hongkong in 1804 by of Parasitology papers abo expressed his entire disagreement. In the section stage to buy a four-acre stretch by the tianity.

Concluding the relation of his remark-

were read as follows: Recent Aspects with this view.

The first efforts of plague prevencion water side and there they put up the first bospital building and a doctor's residence. ably interesting experiences acquired in of the clonorchis problem with demon-

"Life cycle of two new heterophyid conditions which existed in Hongkong- He spoke of the great fight that had been the many years of his medica! missionstrations," by E. C. Faust (Peking); were directed towards improving the waged against malaria. If he could get ary work, Dr. McCandliss said they had ukes occurring in the Sino-Japanese Amout ten acres of the most densely patients to nuse of taosquito nets for suffered greatly from the effects of piracy areas, with demonstrations." by Faust, populated part of the City was resumed excheding mosquito. be would be willing and at the hands of bandits. He would and S. Yokogawa: A Study of anti by the Government at the height of the ica, by H. E. Meleny and F. C. Fausted and housed elsewhere, and the streets f་ On were walled up and guards posted to pre- to hug for everyone that came, but the have liked to have spent some time in many therapy in schistosomiasis japon- epidemie. All the inhabitants were evict net was more often used as a towel than dealing with that, but his time was up. (Peking) and C. McA, Wassell;

He had passed through "suffering at the two cases of incipient schistosomiasis vent ingress. House-to-house visitations An epidemic of infected with plague and obvious cases U.. Lee (Peking); ad an anti-malarial measure. (Laughter.) Oiling the surface of ponds was of little banda of pirates and bandits and he could inponics treated in the P.U.M.C." by C. were instituted to discover those dead or sent to the Tung Wah Hospital for use where the winds were strong; the gil greatly sympathise with the Chinese who subistosomiasis juponica in the Anking were removed to Hospital. Suspects were

observation.

prising number of other things were done. The side of a tree or a temple wall were convenient places to work. (Laughter.)

Later they moved to Kungchow, the capital, but had to take quarters in the East Gnté section in Chinese dwellings. When his wife tried opening a school for SOLE AGENTS. girls, the Chinese posted placards warn- Tog the population against her and say ing that under the cloak of doing good she was trying to get girls for shipment to Hongkong.

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film was blown to the far side. He there- fore made it a habit to make the rounds of the premises, once or twice a week, upsetting what crockery might contain standing water, draining surface water and seeing whatever fish in the ponds were active.

bad similarly suffered.

THE MORNING SESSION. At the morning session many interest- ing papers were submitted in the dif ferent sections.

OTHER PAPERS.

Area," by H. B. Taylor (Anking),

Hospital.

was

"

ba

In the Ear, Nose and Throat section

Houses in which cases had occurred the papers down for hearing were:

Bacteriological studies of ear infec- were disinfected, including the furniture. tions," by A. N. Dunlap (Peking); The systematic disinfection of the town "Cytology of mastoiditis, with demon- was attempted, but proved a very costly by S. P. Ts'en; undertaking, and was abandoned in stration of slides," "Frontal sinus operations," by C. A. favour of a scheme of "general, house in which a stan of European Hayes (Canton); and Presentation of cleansing an otolarygnology card," by Thacker Sanitary inspectors and coolies were em- ployed. Districts were treated in roka. Neville (Changsha).

tion so that each tenement house war still being This important measure

HEALTH AND MODERN INDUSTRY. One of much interest was that in con- During early years their thief efforts

In the section of Gynaecology and were along surgical and epidemie lines, nection with Public Health. Here Dr. for the Chinese were slow learn that C. T. Maitland (Tsinan) read a paper on obstetries, papers were presented by cleansed at least three times a year.

**Health and Modera Industry in P. Maxwell (Peking): S. W. Kwan M. they had medicines of any worth other than quinine and lodine. Once the end China. Modern industry, he said, had L. James (Wuchang): E. D. Smith (Wu-rried out with great success, and with wall of the dispensary, was knocked out

come to China, but the East had pot chow); and E. N. Ewers (Weihsieu), and a very broad window with iron bars yet awakened to the importance of e- in replaced it. After that there was always cipation as a factor in industry.

China addition to lack of knowledge, a crowd watching the proceedings and oftea he bad to wait till late afternoon one had the Oriental acceptation of and take table and cataract cases into things as they existed and as they had been for hundreds of years, and little the shade of the temple next door.

THE AFTERNOON SESSION.

PLAGUE IN HONGKONG. Dr. A. G. M. Severn, Assistant Medical One of his early operations was a dan-desire for betterment or change. They Officer of Health, Hongkong, contributed geraus one upon a woman and on the were content with things which had ren paper entitled "An Outline of the second, night she died. The husband was mained as they were for centuries and History of Plague in Hongkong." disposed to make trouble, so he (Dr. continued to experience bitter days with McCandliss) had to give money for an out a word of complaint.

Plague, primarily, was a disease, which

but slight modification. It has all the advantages of simplicity, efficacy and economy. Each Inspector is allotted certain number of floors daily, the oven- pants turn out their household posses i sions, the floors and cubicles are washed out and the bed boards are cleansed in portable iron tanks.

wat

RATS IMPORTED FOR BONUS. Inoculation with Haffkines. Prophy affected a group of rodents, and human lactic Fluid was introduced in 190 expensive coffin, and then more money The most recent and reliable figures plague was hut one of its aspects. It but the public did not take advantage of

was not essentially a tropical disease, but it. Wher the importance of rata to have the cofan carried 20 miles to his obtainable showed that there were in

ciated with primitive communal life, enforced for the abolition of hollow walls, bome. After he got the money the bus-China 18,000 factories and in them about was one of those diseases closely asso-appreciated, comprehensive measures were band reconsidered, got a cheap coffin,

Rats were caught in large numbers and buried it near by and with the balance, workers. There were not, so far where there existed a lack of apprecia-ceilings and stair-linings.

in China the evils attendant upon the!

tion or knowledge of elementary laws of bargained for a new wife. (Laughter.)

growth of the factory system such as sanitation, the application of which be subjected to microscopic examination. were experienced in the industrial fe- came

of vital importance in gregaridus Rewards of two and five cents per rat were offered, but this had to be stopped, Another case was one wherein the son of a man died a week after an operation volutions in England, but they were

as opposed to nomadic tribes.

pre- for it was found that the Chinese were and the father acted like a crazy man, doubtless coming. The cloud no bigger

largely in the semi-tropical Holbow calling out that the foreigu, doc: probable evil was the temptation to em-

"Thas

dis

Wholesale poisoning and trapping wen plague

had become & tor had killed his son. The next day the ploy child labour.

factory he had been in China Brigadier General called with a large

generally: Plague had been known for ed better to exclude rats from dwellings

28 possible. retinus and said how excellent it was that the humidity according to English case typical of India, China and the East not a great success, and it was consider- The Chinese objected to disinfection foreigners should leave their honourable points would have been strongly con 2,000 years, and it was one of the carliest as far as country and come such a long way to do demned. They in Shanghai were used to diseases to be described accurately from good works, but they must not kill any seeing tens of thousands of people turn the clinical standpoint, though doubtless which followed the finding of infected operate with the authorities. A system body (Laughter.)

ing out at five o'clock in the morning to other diseases had been confused with it rats on their premises and failed to co- Like other missioners, be, had never the sound of a siren, day in and day out in the past.

Westeru

literature of the Middle Ages of rat hips was successful These, con- at one time had enough money to build Another economic factor in regard to entisfactorily or adequately. He once the alleviation of the factory system was contained frequent references to plague,taining kerosene emulsion, were bolted wrote to his Board for more money to that fifty per cent, even eighty per cent. which during this period spread over the to lamp-posta in prominent places and build with and received the encouraging of the people in some parts working in known world in successive waves of death the public requested to place dead rats reply that the Presbyterian Board could

Such defective sanitary condition and importing rats from Canton for the sake running up and down the streets of than a man's hand was in the sky. One vailed morntries than in temperate of the bonus. (Laughter.)

not

L

:In

zones.

in Chinake all the distress there was the factories, were living below the and desolation, claiming an enormous therein, Between two and three thou

poverty line.

toll of lives. Plague became endemic in sand rats were collected weekly in this The actual house where a rat died could In a discussion on the paper, it was England over a period of more than 300 nanner, and they were examined,

with its not be traced, but an indication of the Dr. MeCandliss caused much amusement when he related experiences among Chi- suggested that the best way of tackling years, and the notorious London visito ncse with the thermometer. They could the problems was to point them out to tion of The Black Death"

the owners of the factories and show them 90,000 victims, was but the dramatic cul district was obtained, and preventive Though much must be done before. not see much use in it. One day he put how better hygienic conditions would mination of a large number of minor out-measures enforced. it in a patient's mouth and he presently handed it back saying that he did not lead to better work and greater increase breaks. With the coming of more im- feel any better. (Laughter.) Another in profits. Papers following up this sub-proved standards of living, pingue reced-flongkong could be regarded as a health. patient sucked at it a moment and said ject were given by Dr. B. M Atwater ed, in Europe, coming to the more con- resort, yet the results of 20 years work. lie could not get the medicine out. (Changsha) on The aims of the teach- genial soil of the East, where it appeared were very striking Natural causes con- ing and promotion of hygiene by Mis to have lain dormant in Central China tributed to this end, yet Canton and the |<Laughter.)

The incidence of plague in Hongkong Cholera was among the things he had sions in China"; Dr. W. W. Cadbury and other remote areas, rarely assuming Straits Settlements had many plague

An analysis of the health of epidemic proportions, until the latter part cases that year. bad to deal with. He worked on one man (Canter),

Missionary Community in South of the 18th cen plague was one of the had been gradually reduced until we coul

The: revival until he seemed much better, gave him a directions, and went to. dinner. When he China": Dr. W. II. Dobson (Hongkong), returned he found that he had eaten balf Health Propaganda as a factor in A water melon. (Laughter.) The Doctor Evangelism and Dr. R. M. Ross (Can- scolded him and threw the other half out ton), Mental Hygiene,"

most important and striking facts in now claim that there had been no oth was alarmed by its severe outbreak in Hongkong sinos September, 1923. epidemiology: In May, 1804, the worldfication of either rat or human plague in