1922-05-10 — Page 6

BOTTLED IN

ENGLAND

Ross's

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, MAY 10TH, 1929.

"R" BRAND PILSENER

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.AGE OF THE EARTH. WONDERS OF RADIO-ACTIVITY.

Before the discovery, of radio-active materials scientists were eentent with estimating the age of the earth, at a few Landred million years, 2114424 Or less. Geologists were wont to eluin at least live hundred millions, so as to allow time for, the geslogical changes that have obviously taken place in what is termed the litho apher, or rocky rust of the earth. But the stricter theologians, perturbed by this emi? siderablu addition to the chronology of the Bible, contested the theories of the scientific men and favoured the cataclysmic hypothesis in the endeavour to account for the pheno- Kavun observed in the study of the rocks. With the discovery of rulin-active matter. there come an altend point of view. 'Forth- with it became evident that the earth must be vastly older than even the houry age demanded by the geologists.

In his recent lecture at the Royal Institu- tion on "Radio-activity," Professor Sir Ernest Rutherford claimed that the "life" of cading was at least five thousand millions of years, and that Uranian, the parent of Bost radio-active substances, nust B

no less than twice that age, otherwise there would now be ao unapiant left on the earth. A thousand million years is quite a con- silerbil pericul, and sewhat puis but of court the meticulocaly elaborate calculations of the late Arelsbishop Usher, by which he fixed the very afternoon on which the Crea tion took plin, about four thousand years ago. A good many pious people still be. lieve in Dr. Usher's chronology hu if the ductions which have been made from the results of the examination of radio-active phenomena are correct, a thousand million years is a molerate estimate of the period during which, the earth has been in existence.

Sir Ernest Rutherford, however, in his intelsely interesting lecture, was not chiefly concerned with mutters affecting chronology, His concern was rather to explain some of the properties and characteristics of Ionium. Rading, Thorium, Activiam, und other radioactive minerals, and the remarkable products or eminations to which these give rise. A noteworthy fuct, which be demon- strated by a series of beautiful experiments, wis that these emanations, or gases, possess ed in varying degree the same physical and therapeutic properties us the minerals from which they are derived. One important. result of this specially in relation to the treatment of disease, is that radiumis rom- paratively little used directly in hospital work: What is done is to collect the un- ations in minute tubes and apply these in medical treatment. They are quite as effective as the actual mineral itself, and, there is the ulvantage that if a tube of radioactive emanation gets broken or disappears no radium is lost, and "a fresh" supply of the radio-active emanation can be "grown", and collected in a fresh tube in a few days.

There is an astonishing; variability in the duration of these emanations. A piece of radim itself will, it is estimated, go ou pouring out its products for five thousand million years, while one of the products of Actinium. "Actinium A," as it is called, disippars in the five-hundredth part of second. Yet so marvellous is the refinement of laboratory methods now practised that it has been found possible to determine accurately the physical properties of this rapidly fleeting emanation. Thirty or more elements are produced from radium, and in watching the transformations which go ou under their eyes scientific investigations see taking place that transurutation of metals.so long and gainly sought by the medinival alchemists. It is in this direction that perhaps the most momentous dis- coveries will be made in connection with radioactivity. The disruption of the atom which is continually going on in radio-active substances may, and probably, will, provide the key to the solution of the problem of the constitution of matter, and incidentally place at the disposal of mankind illimitable stores of the energy which is now obtained by the wasteful consumption of coal or the utilis- tion of water power,

ROYAL MARRIAGES.

It is now not only possible but safe to say that, if popular feeling is to be conaut. ted about the marriage of the Prince of Wales und why should it not be con- aulted the nation will be best pleased if he should marry an English woman. It would be distinctly disappointed if he sbould marry a foreigner. Of course, if the choice of the Prince of Wales should fall upon a foreigner entirely of his own volition, that would be a sufficient reason for accepting a foreign marriage. The point is that the nation has become into- learnt of seeing marriages dictated to any imember of the Royal Family for aume al leged diplomatic reason Certain limita- tions upon the choice of the Prince of Wales there would no doubt be, but only auch limitations as are imposed by seem liness, naturalness and good sense. The nation would not like a Copbetua mar riage for the Prince of Wales any more. than it would welcome a foreign mar riage. But any marriage entered into willingly by any member of a family braught up with such a strong sense of what is proper and reasonable as has been implanted in the family of the King and Queen is just as likely to be fitting us the choice of any other thoroughly well brought up boy or girl. In a social sense Hik usually marries like if only because any other arrangement is inconvenient and uncomfortable. Common sense, that is to say, will enfine the choice of the Prince of Wales to some extent, Iut it will still leave a field of choice far wider than) that which was deemed to be open to an Heir-Apparent in the past two hundred years.-Spectator

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