1919-05-14 — Page 7

THEATRE ROYAL.

NIGHT

TO

WEDNESDAY, MAY 14th, at 9 15. p.m. THE

BAN VARD

AMERICAN MUSICAL COMEDY COY. PEOPLE

18% 18

MOSTLY GIRLS Presenting three big American Musical Comedy successes. TO-NIGHT (WEDNESDAY), MAY 14th.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, MAY 14TH, 1919.

COAL COMMISSION'S REFORT.

THREE ABSTRACT OF THE

REPORTS.

BRAIN "AND BODY. THE RESTRICTION OF OUTPUT. [B LIEUT. COLONEL C. S. MYERS? Y. E.,8.] Punctual to the appointed day the

Output may be restricted consciously or Cont Commission issued its promised unconselously; by the employer or by the interim report. Unfortunately, it was employee. The employer restricts output not a unanimous report Each of the consciously when there is a dearth of raw three sections of the Commission issued material, or because he fears a fail of its own. The chairman, Mr. Justice prices from overflooding the market, or Sankey, was supported by Mr. Arthur because other departments of his factory Balfour, Sir Arthur Duckham, and Sir cannot cope with too large a quantity of a given product. He restricts output Thomas Royden, who were appointed by

more or less unconsciously when he neg the Government as representatives of the lects effective organisation and the proper great coal-using industries on the entraining of the most suitable employees' ployers side; the three representatives in the most effective methods of work. of the nine-owners, Mesars. Cooper, The employee also restricts output con- Forgie, and Evan Williams, stood to-sciously or unconsciously. If paid by gether; and the miners representatives, THURS. MATINEE ·

Messrs. Smillie, Hodges, and Herbert Piccerate, he fears that his rate will be Smith, were supported by Sir Lea at ng soon as he increases his output and his employer begins to see that he is eafn- Chiozza Money, Mr. Tawney, and Mr

ing too much. Indeed, an employer once Sidney Webb, who were the Government's boasted that he had eat the race on a nominees for the workers' interests in certain operation five times; another gave: other industries.

a bonus to his foreman based on the num ber of workers who succeeded in

in earning their bonuses by

by executing their jobs within the given time, and he gave bonus at the same time to his time-setter based on. the number of workers who failed to earn their bonuses; thus encour

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THE

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MAY 15th. FRIDAY NIGHT, SAT MATINEE

& NIGHT

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LEF97

On Arising

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179

The most important, because most im "partial, report of the three is that which has been drawn up by Mr. Justice Sankey, and its recommendations may be briefly summarised as follows:

HOURS AND WADES.

Amend the Eight-hours. Act to a Seven-hours Act, from July 16th, 1919.

That will mean that coal miners will be underground, taking the averag hours 38 mina.

Reduce to a Six-hours Act from July 13th, 1921, subject to the economie position of the industry at the end of 1930.

464-hours week for urlacemen, ex- clusive of meal times. from July 16th

1812.

Increase of 28 a day for colliers, and is a day for boys. --

Aging

the time-setter to set a speed which few workers could reach and the foreman to drive them to achieve an almost 'im- possible task... Such extreme instances of industrial barbarity are rare, at least in this country, but they serve to illustrate re of the causes of restriction of output.

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JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN

REGULAR FORTNIGHTLY SERVICE BETWEEN

EXPECTED WILL LEAVE

JAYA, CHINA AND

JAPAN.

STIAXIAS

FROM

ON OR ABOUT

Fos

ON OR ABOUT

Another cause lies in the workers' fear that their less capable comrades will be TJIKINI

So all penalised if they surpass them. produce the same medicere output from TJIBODAS dry

to day. Thug in a large munitions factory ach of a group of sixteen women TJIMANOEK

19 found to drill exactly 3,600 fuses night after sight. In another, a man's TJILATJAP...

was observed for forty-Eve days, and at the end vec of these day's (with TJILIWONG....

This will shorten the underground corking day by two hours from July, 1921, and wil: mean an additional sam one exception) he finished precisely of £30,000,000 a year in wages,

fases: five girls out of six gauged exact/

workers engaged in drilling boles

It is estimated that the shorter work-1,315 fuses on each day of the week in ing hours will result in a reduction of which they were examined; and each of output of 10 per cent at a further cost

ixteen as constant weekly output of of £13,000,000, but it is thought that the 3,000. Whenever they stopped through price of coal will not be raised against machine troubles or other causes a spurt the consumer for reasons explained in followed so that the daily output did not detail in the report. “

The coal-owners to be allowed to TO tanta ad per ton of coal, raised....

CONTROL OF MINES.

suffer.

Such uniformity among different, in- dividuals, or in the same individual on diferent days, betokens restriction of out The present system of ownership and put. Naturally enough, it satisfies the working in the coal mines, stands con-glack foreman who receives no, reward is saved demned." Bome other system must be from, increased output and substituted for it

trouble by a known medicere uniform output.

We are not prepared to report now one way or the other upon evidence which is at present insuficient."

"We are, however, prepared to report now that it is in the interests of the country that the colliery workers shall have in the future an effective voice in the direction of the mines. For a gene ration the colliery worker has been edu- cated socially and technically. The re- sult is a great national asset. Why not

use it?"

MINERA HOUR!,

There are houses in some districts which are a reproach to our civilisation. No judicial language is sufficiently strong or sufficiently severe to apply to their condemnation-

JAVA

-

JAVA

JAVA

JAPAN

May 18th May 29rd

May 18th

May 20th

May 24th

May 29th

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SFANGHAI

JAPAN

May 30th

JAVA

* Wireless Telegraphy.

[730

The Steamers are all fitted throughout with Electric. Light and have accommodation for limited number of Saloon Passengers. All steamers carry a duly qualified surgeon. Cargo taken at through rates to all ports in Netherlands India and Australis.

For Particular of Freight and Passage apply to the

York Building, 1st Floor.

*JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN,

Telephone No. 1574.

.9

JAVA-PACIFIC LINE

OF THE

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN.

MONTHLY Sanvica BervEKS

Here are two further examples of re- striction of output. In the older shopa. of a certain factory 5,000 of a given article was produced weekly. A new shop

the was opened under almost exactly. mechanical conditions, and new, inexperi- enced bands untrammelled by tradition and habit, were engaged in it. After six NETH, INDIA, MANILA, HONGKONG & SAN FRANCISCO month?

practice another factory they produced 13,000 articles

ver each of six units of machinery was pro ducing 2,500 items per week, the total weekly output of the factory being there

It was decided to fore 15,000 items. transfer

Some

of these

to another and to factory

give

the E,

works: After the bonus on output quantity, removal of the first unit the other five units, continued to produce 15,000 items per week The second, third, and fourth

A

It is suggested that Id per ton might be at once collected on all coal raised units were similarly removed one at a

to improve the housing and amenities of time, but nevertheless the two remaining cach district. This would amount to units produced 15,000 items per week. £1,000,000 a year.

-OUTPUT OF COLL.

The report expresses the hope that by 1921 the output will be raised to its 1913 level, viz., 287,000,000 tons, as the miners leaders have pledged themselves to do their best to prevent voluntary absen

The coal-miners are urged to save labour by modern improvements and so lengthen the time spent by the miner at the face, and reduce the time taken to reach it

teeism

MINE-OWNERS REPORT:

The mine-owners issue the shortest re port of the three-and-their conclusions are briefly as follows:

WAGES.

To grant the miners' demands would absorb all profit, and leave a heavy de ficit:

No addition whatever can be made to present export prices.

Not more than 1s. 6d; per day increase for colliere and ed. for boys can be given without seriously affecting our home in dustries.

HOURS..

The utmost reduction possible is ta substitute seven hours for eight in the Eight-hours Act

OVERSTRAIN.

Output is restricted more or less an consciously owing to the length of the working day. The human system sets up A physiological defenes against the effects of overstrain. When the working hours are reduced almost invariably the output per hour, and often the total daily out- pat, rises. That such increase depends on unconscious factors is shown by the fact that commbrly it does not reach its maxi. mum until several weeks have elapsed after the reduction of working hours. So, too, increase of working hours is apt to. bring about a lower rate of output The employee who has to work overtime in the evening more or less unconsciously

3.1 ves himself"

during the day. The experience of our munitions factories during the war conclusively demonstrated that seven days labour only produces six days output," and that overtime and before breakfast work are unfavourable to efficiency.-Daily Express,

the case of men in other industries. “On the main questions it said:

"Wo find that the miners' claims to an advance in their standard of life is justified, and that 30 per cent. is not excessive.

"We find justified the claim to à substitution in the Eight-hours Act of six for eight.

The mine-owners believe that a reduci tion of output to the extent of fifty

Moreover, these six Commissioners are million tons would involve the entire quite satisfied that, in the interests of Cessation of the export of coal," and the consumers as much as in that of the make a serious shortage in bome up winers, nationalisation ought to be in plies.

principle at once determined on.". They believe the redaction of outpat On the important point of the reduc will be considerable, and that there will be tion of output they say: Our view is little mitigation, but they admit that it that, taking all things into account, out “only natural " that the miners out will at Erst show a certain fall. per should expect to have some redaction of newer, and will then, with the introdue hours, na honra are being shortened in ion of improved methods, recover to au other industries.

extent to which it is impracticable to The reduction of hours to take place assign a definite figure." from July 1st next. beg

is

·NATIONALISATION.

The total output will, in the coming years, be" steadily augmented."

"Buch evidence at has been placed be fore us is insuficient to enable us to and wages at such a level that they can pronounce any judgment,"

MINERS' REPORT.

It is only by putting miners' hours. not be paid without a really efficient organisation of the industry that we are likely to achieve the manifold economics urged upon us by the experts."

Even as it is, the excess profits of the industry for 1919, alone are estimated, after paying 10 per cent, on all capital, at not less than £28,000,000.

In this document the miners claims are adopted-en-blog, with the exceptish of the claims in respect of miners des mobilised from the Army. These were

National ownership, both of mines and hardly mentioned before the Commit sion, and it is suggested that it would royalties, is pressed as the only solation, be better, to deal with them along with once it is admitted that individual ownership of the collieries cannot be (Continued at fopt of next column,) continned,

མ་

The Steamers are all fisted throughout with electric light and have accommodation for a limited number of saloon-passengers.

All Steamers carry a duly qualified surgeon...

Cargo taken on through Bill of Lading to all Overland Points to the United States of Americs and Canada.

For Particulars of Freight and Passage, apply to the-

Telephone No. 1874

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN,

Gelers! Managers,

York Buildings

STEAM TO SINGAPORE DIRECT. The S.S. "SUN TAK" will be despatched on Wednesday, May 14th.

For freight and other particulars apply to

Graving

Dock and

Slipways

JR BRAGA,

e, Connaught Road Central, Telephone 1978.

SHIPS

ENGINES

Engineers,

Shiphu

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HONGKONG.

BOILERS

MOTORS.

Telephone 219. Cable

[246]

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