1916-12-05 — Page 7

STERILIZED WOUNDS. REMARKABLE SUCCESS OF A NEW

TREATMENT.

?

TURDAY, DECEMBER ATH, 1914. THEN HONGKONG DAILY PRESS,

AN AMERICAN'S. VIEW OF

ALLIES.

VISIT TO THE FRONT.

Mr. Henry W. Anderson, an influential JOY THE TIMES" MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT )

American, and president of the War A fedture on the treatment of wounds Relief Association of Virginis, has re- as carried out by Dr. Carrel, the well-cently made a tour of the British, known American surgeon who is now French, and Belgian lines on the Western Working on behalf of the French Army front, as well as paid a visit to a part Medical Servios, was delivered recent of the British Fleet, and inspected muti ly at the Royal Society of Medicine tion factories in Great Britain. by Dr. O'Neill Sherman. Dr. Sherman, witnessed the Somme operations in Oc who spoke in the warmest terms of tober, and they were the subject of an Correl's work, began by a brief account interview with a representative of the of the steps which led to the use of a Daily Telegraph. modification of an antiseptic formula recommended by Dr. Dakin and so known

as Dakin's Bolution.

H¢

Three strong impressions were left upon my mind (said Mr. Anderson) by In collaboration my close stády of the situation. The with Dr. Dakin, a research laboratory first was the readiness of the British under the auspices of the Rockefeller authorities to give to neutrals an opper Foundation was established at Compiègne tunity of judging the whole position at in conjunction with Military Hospital the front, subject, of course, to the reser No. 21. The work was begun in Decor- ber, 1914, and completed in June, 1915. ment of infected wounds, it being certain The aim was to improve on the treat that the infection and not the wound was the chief danger. The speaker em statements made by eminent authorities to the effect that 75 per cent. of deaths after the first 24 hours are due to in- fection, 80 per cent, of amputations are dus infection, 95 per cent, of secondary Duro aid it down that the sooner hemorrhage are lue to infection. Dr. treatment was begun after wounding the better for the patient.

AIR BOARD CRISIS.

AN UNSATISFACTORY MEETING.

In view of the cabled, announcement that the Admiralty has decided to appoint an Air Lord, the following excerpt from The Times of Nov. 1st is of interest

Mr. Balfour met about 80 members of Parliamentary Air Coremitter, peers and Commoners at the House of Commons yesterday and discussed with them or tain aspects of Royal Naval Air Service. Mr. Ashley, who presided, asked Mr. Balfour to deal with the suggestion of the committee that an Air Lord should be added to the Board of Admiralty Mr. Balfour, while expressing sympathy: pointed out cortain difficulties. Several questions were put to Mr. Balfour, but his replies did not carry the committee very much further.

ADMI HALAY OPPOSITION.

HINDENBURG ON THE

OUTLOOK.

READY FOR A THIRTY YEARS' WAR.

"NO THOUGHT OF PEACE.

Marshal von Hindenburg has made uso of an interview with a correspondeat of the Vienna Neue Frese Presse to present his view of the present military position, and particularly to belittle the signi- ficance of the Anglo-French victories on usual propagandist type, and his object the Somme. His observations are of the of creating ill-fooling between us and our French Ally is scarcely veiled.

In the whole interview,, however, there is no word of a victorious German offe sive. Hindenburg and his Chief of Staff, General von Ludendorf, who was with him, speak only of being able to hold their own, "

BARBAROUS TREATMENT OF CUTLER PALMER & CO'S.

PRISONERS.

M. RENAULT'S INDICTMENT OF

·GERMANY.

34 the neutral world has got anything to learn with regard to the barbarous treatment reserved by Germany for the beel let it read "The Treatment of unhappy captives who fall under her iron prisoners of war in France and Germany from the point of view of International (says The Times Paris Conventions" correspondent). Louis Renault, mem- world's most eminent. international her of the Institute of France, one of the lawyers and a member of the Permanent

Court of Arbitration at The Hague, has been fitly entrusted with the task of drawing up this sober report. He says:

"The French regime was at first purely and simply in conformity with prescribed regulations and rules, then it had to be modified, as a more humane treatment of our countrymen could only be obtained by the withdrawal of certain facilities at first granted to German prisoners in France."

FRENCHMEN FORCED TO WORK AT KRUPPE-

phasized this pujat by references to offtecrs, who have been frank in their steadily maintained its opposition to any assert that it's my intention to shorten If one. desires to realizo the excceses |

ORGANIZATION AND CONFIDENCE,

Asked whether the French could much longer stand their terrible losses, the Field-Marshal replied:

From what can be gathered as to the

In the summary of the interview sent vation as to the improper use of inferreault of the meeting, there seems wazon by Reuter's correspondent Hindenburg mation of military value. I was impressed

Mr. Balfour was extremely unsatis The position of the war is as favour. purpose and brought ne official request factory to the Parliamentary Air Comable as it possibly could be, and all will with this because I did not come for this to believe that the attitude adopted by s that this courtesy should be extended to mittee. The Admiralty appear to have continue to be well. It is nonsense, to me. I have talked with a great many

change in the existing state of things. the Western front. Why should I do discussion on various matters, but who There seems to be no present hope of this. Our front, in, the West is na firm as it could be, and though the enemy have carefully refrained from any effort an acceptance of the points to which we to influence my judgment, leaving toe

cognition of the Air Service and a means of a gigantic display of artillery to form my own conclusions. This 1 yeaterday only, a large re have been able to gain a little ground by took as proof that England is prepared closer association with the Ministry of and ammunition, he will never break All that Mr. Balfour had through. To do this he would have to and that she is playing her full part in to say on the latter point seems to have attack for another 30 years, provided ther to let the world know what she is doing. Munitions.

been that the Air Department of the that he had safficient men. The battle this great struggle.

Admiralty was constantly discussing of the Somme is coating our enemies many My second impression was the magh-matters with the Ministry of Munitions, hundred thousands of men, and therefore The solution used was a modification of Dakin's according to the technique of ficent state of preparedness which Great But so is the Royal Flying Corps. What more than it is costing us." Daufresno. A careful account of this Britain has attained in every arm of the is required is that their discussions technique was given. The difference he service in the short period of two should be co-ordinated, Until that is tween the original formals and the new years. I was in England when the war done, and until the practice of placing

The French are showing great teun- one was important. The original solution broke out, and know something about orders independently is abandoned, it is contained 0.5 per cent, to 0.6 per cent. of the unexpectedness of this calamity in impossible for the utmost output of air-city, but they are destroying themselves contained no buric acid and between even the size of the British Army inadequate recognition of the fact that tenacity will be of no avail to them be- sodium hypochlorite, the new solution this country. At the present time not craft to be attained. There seems to be by their method of fighting. Even their 6.48 per out, and 0.60 per cent. of presses me so much as the completeness of engines, the cruz of the whole problem cause in the finish none of them will be hypebiorite. It was possible, however, the organization in every respect the are composed of parts produced by a left. The French people may thank the that the Dakin's Solution represented but perfection of detail in the training of number of different makers and assembled British for this dute. The French called 20 per cent, of the cure and that the men for the peculiar nature of the fight by the nominal makers of the engines. the British to their assistance, and the Bechnique of Carrel represented 80 per ing, the extraordinary care shown for Without a very close acquaintance of the assistance which her Ally gives is that the the men at the front in the matter of Ministry of Munitions with the joint she is forcing the French to destroy cent. Everything depended on thoroughness with which the treatment feeding and clothing, the excellent bos- demands of the two Air Services, it is themselves. was applied and the care given to every pitul accommodation for the wounded difficult to see how the work can be most A great portion of the French Army and convalescents. Americans are accus efficiently distributed among the factories has perished in the Samme offensive The technique of Carrel was then toned to handling large organizations, controlled by the Ministry The matter Should the British in the spring demand described. The wound was cleansed and especially in the construction of rat will certainly not be allowed to rest where a now offensive, of the same sort they will deprive France of the rest of her opened up and then the solution run into roads, but I have never seen anything it is. it. Ingenious apparatus designed for compared to the organization in the

Army and of her national strength, We this latter purpose was used. The solu British Army, and that applies particu

French de not realize how much their tion was then introduced into the wound lacly to the transport. I could not have

do not mind. It is singular that the every two hours by the nurse, who rebelieved that such an army and such

Ally is costing them. leased a stop-cock control-valve organization could have been possible of allowing just sufficient solution to enter attainment, in two years if I had not

soen for myself, the wound, bearing in mind that it abould be filled, not irrigated. By this means the wounds were rapidly rendered free from intection, and could be stitched up instead of being left open. About 90 per cent of Carrel's, wounds which had been thoroughly sterilized healed at ence after being stitched.

detail.

or

The third impression I received was that on the British front the British Army is in control of the situation-that they are winning. You feel this in the atmosphere. You see it in the faces of the men, even of those who are return, ing from the trenches. It is manifest in

four

The following resolution was passed

the Parliamentary Air Committee yesterday by the Executive Committee of

00 the

In view of the discussion which took

This war will cause little change in place at the muting of the Parliament the opinion held, of British military ary Air Committee at the House of

achievements. Great strategists are es on the British Commons to-day, the Executive Corspecially lacking now

side," mittes unanimonsly reaffirms its strong

Regarding the operations conviction that the Air Beard should be given" "more" extended and immediate

said executive power for the development of Transylvanian front, von Hindenburg Everything going splendidly there both Air Services, al

Meanwhile, it is believed that matters The Rumanians, who are retreating, are attack with pleasure, because this has ended for us the war of positions.**.**

WILL NEXT YEAR DECIDE

According to The Times Correspondent in Amsterdam, the interviewer, Herr war last! Hindenburg replied: Goldmann, aquired, "How long will the

But

to which our countrymen have only too, often been subjected, let him read the pages wherein the most atrocious facts are recorded, the set determination to from the material and moral standpoint humiliate and depress unhappy prisoners, or again the forcing of prisoners to work in mines when totally unfitted for such a task, as was certified by delegates to the Geneva International Committee. From the moral point of view it is at once revolting and contrary to international rule that prisoners should be set to do tasks of a military character, yet over 1,500 Frenchmen were forced to work for Kruppe at Essen."

Documentary evidence covering nearly ment of German prisoners in France. Then follows a description of the conduct pages is given of the humane treat- of Germany.

HORRORS OF GERMAN CAMIS. "At Celle, Heuberg, Landshut, and Bennelager, sometimes on Sundays the camp is visited. Long lines of sightseers come and mock the prisoners. A school- master and his scholars come and sing around the camp, Humiliating formali ties are repeated, such as roll calls and degrading search of the person. The men are treated like things. At Landshut the officers accompanied by sentinels visit the Altengrabow, on the very day of the Emperor's visit, a soldier of the Eighth huts with landed revolver in hand. At

Chasseura was bayonetted because he did not come out when ordered A Ohidrat, near Berlin, a colonial was bayonetted in the heart for not understanding an order, At the same camp and at Würzburg and Cassel Niederzwehren during an alleged uproar in the first case, and during a in the third, there were bayonet charges concert in the second, and a boxing match resulting in killed and wounded,

"In the matter of punishments the post is excellently illustrated, gives a picture of one at Ohrdruf. The prisoner is tied is one of the cruellest. The book, which

round the ankles and waist with big hands behind his back to a post generally placed outside the huts facing the sun in summer and the snow in winter. At Königsbrück he must remain on tiptoe, and at Gustrow

Mme. Karen Bramson, the Danish writer, who has been conducting an impartial inquiry into tuberculosis among declares in the Matin that Germany will never clear herself by any sophistry of her

treatment disgraceful prisoners.

war

The lecturer than dealt with staricu a superior artillery service which between the Air Board and the Angetting their deserts welcomed their 'conditions 'n which the method had been the sector which I visited far exceded found to be of value, and quoted the that of the Germans. But it is manifestmiralty are approaching a climax and unless a satisfactory solution of the experience of surgeons who had employed most of all in the air service. On the resignations are said to be impending it. He held that it had been demo Beld of the Some last Sunday (October present, situation can be found. atrated that the great majority of 15th) the weather was clear, I spent the wounds could bo clowed by suture and day there, and saw large number of without suppuration, thereby avoiding British machines constantly going over-

with his feet nos toushing the ground. many of the sequels and materially re- the Gorman lines, and being unsuccess- THE CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECITORS.

That depends upon our opponents. Thus are punished for two hours, for four ducing the period of convalescence of the fully fired at, and twenty or thirty

Parents and relatives of thirty-four Prophecy is thankless, and it is better to hours, and for days at a time, men wounded. Under the treatment which he British and French balloons, but not a

single German acroplane only had described the soldiers' stay in hos

German balloons far behind their lines. conscientious objectors who were sentene abandon it in wartime. It is possible accused of smoking in a hat, for not attempting to slack. Prisoners have died pital was very appreciably shortened,

to England to serve their commuted eide the war, but I do not know, and no and many now left in from four to six The most complete evidence of this con-ed to death in France, and have returned that 1817 will bring battles that will deproperly saluting an officer, or "for fiendish tortures andreamt of by a Fenni- weeks who would have required no less trof of the air was in the fact that, to my sentences of ten years' penal servitude, body knows. I only know we will fight at this stake. There are plenty of other placing a than from three to six months' treatment complete surprise, the British troops ja have, says the Daily Express, sent to a decision."

General von Ladendorff, Hindenburg's more Cooper savage, such under former methods. Professor camp and the British transport were

We are absolutely the blazing sunshine." Chutro stated he was now doing one moving uninterruptedly about within a letter to Mr. Asquith and other Minis amputation where formerly 20 were neces short distance of the actual front. This ters pleading that the men have proved right and man, interjected: We do prisoner barelegged on a tarred roof in The book concludes with these proud determined to continue fighting, as is should be set free.

fully clear from all the measures of the words: Before the opinion of nentrals sary, and where there had been 10 deaths would not have been possible had not genuineness of their convictions, and not think of peace.

These staze-the British control of the air boeri com-j

Central Powers and the military com- there was now only one.

and before history France claims the mands."

Hindenburg inquired about honour of having affirmed and safeguard ments were startling, but they bore in-plete, and their confidchce in it sure

What I have said under these impres vestigation and made it necessary that

It is difficult to ascertain the feeling the popular feeling in Austria. and Herred the principles consecrated by the every consideration should be given tosions of the British frost applies also -to the French. However, I had not ap

of a nation of 100 millions and com Goldmann replied that it was good and universal conscience. them from both humanitarian and eco- Romic motives. The loss by death, or opportunity of studying the conditions posed of people of various nationalities confident, but, ne everywhere, they de from permanent or partial usability, in there to the same extent, because of the and therefore of various sympathis, but sired an end of the war. Hindenburg creased the economic value of every re-fact that my time was limited, and I was I should say a fair estimate would place remarked

We all desire that, and I can well maining individual. Decrease in earning unable to accept their invitation to make 66 (or two-thirds) per cent., as a mini power was ja proportion to the permanent an extended trip. The spirit of the mum, of the American people amongst understand it. The Austro-Hungarians Feth prisoners now in Swiss sanator

did their full duty in this war, and made was anconquerable and their the strongly pro-Alls, and that this disability sustained, and the machinist French or skilled mechanic who suffered the loss army organization and transport seemed larger percentage desire to see the Allies all the heavy sacrifices necessary.

In my own State of fresh sacrifices must still be made in a loss to his to be adequate for every demand, What win the war.

order that the previous ones may not, of an arm becamo doubly community-first by reason of the pen they have accomplished has surprised and Virginia 95 per cent, would be carer sion to which he was entitled, and, thrilled the world.

A matter that surprised me as much the mark. One thing has probably been have been made in vain,"

misunderstood in Europe as the Pre-General von Ludendor observed:- secondly, by the dimination of his pro

Tell your Austrian friends that there German element. It must be realizeil duct ve capacity. The employment of as anything in the British service was the Carrel method and Dakin Solution the completeness of the intelligence ser

much more noisy than the great pro-Ally amely, by the firm determination to winnenberg it was easier for me to deliver a decisive blow than now when in the abortoned convalescence, and minimized vice: Their information as to the cond that the pro-German minority is is only one way to shorten the war the subject. It is obvious that at Tan-

majority; that Germany has conducte it. Every soldier and civilian must help pain; it appreciably reduced the cost of tions confronting them, both as to men

an extensive propaganda with a rew to in the war and be conscious of the fact East alone we have to hold a long front from the Dvina to the Black Sea. But hospital maintenance and the strain im- and guns, appeared to lack nothing.

Turning to munitions, Mr. Anderson posed on doctors and nurses,

give an impression that the pro-Germans whole national strength must be enlisted nothing is impossible."

I take as a Dr. Sherman illustrated his lecture stated that he had been through one of the Creating pro-Cierman feeling, and also to that war is the only way to peace. The

As a matter of in the service of the war. by a remarkable series of photographs large factories, and commented :--

This was a branch of the service with are in the majority. showing the process of healing in wounds and also described the method of which I was more familiar, as I am in fact, pro-German sentiment is substan-example ammunition. It is not, indeed, bacterial counts employed to control, the terested in manufacturing plants in the tially confined to the people of German shells but the spirit of the troops which to recent immigrants. There has ever spirit of the German and Austro- work. He demonstrated. Dr. Carrel's United States. The development of the and Austrian origin, and more especially produces the final decision, and the been 1. moment when any American Hungarian soldiers is superior to that Yet ammunition in very ingenious apparatus for applying manufacture of munitions and the per

An interesting discussion fect organization which has been attained imagined that there could be any serious of all opponents.

I came to the solution. followed the lecture, which was attended here are simply marvellous.

England with a feeling of some uneasi difference between any of the Allied coun-modern warfare has enormous import- tries and the United States, but there ance. The making of ammunition in the by many well-known British surgeons.

ness that the heavy fighting and large have been many times when we have been greatest possible quantity is the most consumption of ammunition would be

on the verge of war with Germany, and important task of the conduct of the war, beyond the capacity for production. Now

at least o e tire-when the Lusitania was but this maximum quantity must really I am convinced the other way-I am

capacity. convinced that no amount of fighting sunk-when, I think, a very consider

The whole energies of the country. On the question of the German shipping which is probable can consume the muni- able majority of the people, thus represent the absolute maximum of our must be put into the making of ammuni trade, the Weithandel says it must not tions as fast as they are produced. To averse to war on principle, favoured

It is also very tion. Our enemies are doing it, and we be Sorgotten that the dockyard now in existence at Hamburg, by building an American like myself, accustomed to action to redress that brutal crime and

the manufacturing organizations of my prevent its recurrence.

volunteers in the Allied visits Field-Marshal von Hindenbury so-called scrial steaners-that is, steamers

American if one and the same type is capable of country, which are very perfect, the com-significant that there are thousands of must do it too. In one of your former

pleteness and efficiency of the organiza considerably increasing the German mer-

for relief work in Allied countries have line. That is true,, Discipline depends the more when, for instance, important of the war came as a great surprise.

To sum up the impressions which I been very large-far in excers of what is on the thorough training of the indi- parts for shipbuilding, especially machin ery, are to be manufactured by special have received from these extended visits, commonly known. Necessarily, under the vidual soldier, and one of the chief tasks I would say that I have believed for a conditions, the burden of the situation is ceaseless work at this. All emissions firms.

"The fact that the General Electricity long time that the Allies must inevit falls upon Great Britain through her made in peace can be made good in war. Now I am convinced control of the seas, but the sources of It is never too late for training troops. Association in Berlin and the Krupp ably win this war. Electricity Works in Essen are to be that the Central Powers are already irritation are largely technical, I think Work must never cease. Training must

in the United States that it is to the closely connected with the new dockyard potentially defeated. While there prab there is a large and growing sentiment be thorough and touch every detai!." shows us the method chosen for the cably will be a great deal of severe fighting interest of both our countries, and in HINDENBURO'S "TERHAPS,”

The correspondent asked:-" Is there pletion of the German mercantile marine yet, it appears to me to be only a ques- keeping with their development and

The events taking place at the present tion of time for that potential defeat to common ideals, that their relations any prospect of ending the war by a time in the German large industries and be converted into a complete victory for should grow closer and more friendly a decisive stroke?" Hindenburg replied one period the Russians had more sm shipping circles give full assurance that the Allies, after the war the German shipping trade can be carried on in a thoroughly uniform and rational manner, and that home industries and German foreign trade can pursue their tasks auhindered:"

FUTURE OF GERMAN SHIPPING.

Herr Goldman asked whether the Russian masses will exhaust themselves,

"They are already exhausting them-

that It is true and Hindenburg replied:---- selves. The Russian generals chiefly pro vide for that.

is springing a younger generation

130 differ up, but that makes ence. We also have men enough. Ger many has plenty of reserves; and in Austria-Hungary the reserves are far from being exhausted. We have never feared the great numbers of the Russians. We recognize no aumerical superiority

Ludendorff added Numerical superiority as a danger exists only for weak people. He who blames fate should rather blame himself. The man of strong

chant feet in a relatively short time, all tion established here since the beginning Armies, and that voluntary contributions said, "The chief requirement is discip-will is master of his own destiny," HE S

HOW:

Hindenburg observed: "The Russian Armies are as good and as bad

eroe

as the old ones. The best quality of the Bussian soldier remains his blind obedi- Ho has made no progress in a lary has become more effective, thanks to teaching by French and Japanese officers, rollitary sense. Only the Russian artil

who in some cases actually command it. But even now our German and Austro- Hungarian artillery is superior. For The development of the nition than formerly. Now their ann "Perhaps. time advances. Bath countries are ruled

and as soon as the winter comes they will Referring to the subject of America's

be unable to receive ammunition by ciples, and they ought to work hand-in- attitude towards the belligerente, Mr. by law, and believe in the same princonditions must show that, but I should plies of ammunition have diminished, Anderson observed:--

hand for their mutual benefit and for not like to express a definite opinion on

(Continued at foot of next Column.) Archangel and Vladivostok." the higher civilization of the world.

(Continued at foot of next Columin.)

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