1915-09-20 — Page 7

EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.

The following is a continuntion of Mr. EA. Irving's review of Education in Blue Hongkong, recently, issued ao. book:--

DESCRIPTION OF THE POPULATION.

The following figures extracted from the census of 1911 show the different nationalities inhabiting the Colony, how they are divided between the Urban and Rural Divisions, and the numerical pro- portion of children to adulte

DB, Total

Urban

between 6-15 caret age.

THE HONGKONG, DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20гa, 1915.

well as of the assistance they receive from th Government, a description is given hereafter:

it

communication.

VENGEANCE OF BEES.

ledvide

ON VILLAGERS AND A DONKEY..

Exciting episodes occurred at Ripley, Tear Woking, after the escape of a swarm of bees which the village schoolmaster was conveying to a neighbouring parish The hive was placed on a donkey cart, but a few of the bees escaped and promptly signalised their liberty by stinging the donkey. Naturally the donkey kicked, and soon a wheel of the cart got om to the foot-pavement, and over went the

Thus at the very outset we are committed to the establishment of English Schools for Chinese, not as a moral There remains for consideration the obligation but as a commercial necessity. most important section of the community, Such schools cannot be worked as a lower the Chinese Urban Population of all sorts rate than between 80 and $10 a month for and conditions, merchants, clerks, shop- each pupil. But this is more than very keepers, and skilled and casual labour. many Chinese of the most desirable classes To the number of 270,000 and upwards

be established, the ratepayers must share has been attracted to our shores in the can afford. It follows if such schools are to the cost, and, as a matter of fact, they lost soventy years by, opportunities of business and its appreciation of security halve it. The great majority of the rato but in the main not as to a home but as a minor to his camp, a place where gold payers being. Chinese, this really means

The that those of them who have no children hive. is won to be enjoyed elsewhere.

The schoolmaster's predicament was at school pay in part for those who have. Percentage average urban, Chinese never regards.

It has been objected that though loca! such that the landlord of the Anchor Inn went to his assistance, but the bees turned of caldres Hongkong in any other light: he returna

taxes are fairly spent on the education İ to dis. village every festival day of his

their attention to him, and chased him life, and if he dies hors retires thithar Chinese connected wit the Colony, others down the village street.. He and tho schoolmaster" were badly stung all over for burial. This does not prevent him should be carefully excluded who come is from establishing domestic ties with us Hongkong for that education alone, an!

the heart, neck, and face, says The but the proportion of children to nalults without any intention of making a lengthy Chronicle. Subsequently the swarm attack- as already shown is little more than one.

settlement. In theory this position a

ed another man, who in trying to get half what it is in the ease of his com-

away climbed over a fence and ran down patriots of the rural and boat, popula- reasonable: practice nothing short of a tions. The inference is fairly clear that Commission upon the antecedents of each a garden, where he knelt down and rolled And his head in the graes for protection, 50 it is necessary to console ourselves with ultimately climbing into a tree. Others half his wives and children are abscat in applicant could arrive at the truth

were also stung, Including a passing the facts, first, that Chinese boys utterly nnconnected with the place would hardly cyclist, who fell from his machine in find their way hem; and secondly, that driving the bees away. It will next be convenient to explain Chinese who have received a good English. briefly the policy adopted with reference education and been impressed with the to the education of each of these stamp of a Hongkong school, are an asset- sections-of-the population, before describ-sooner or later in be realised, whether they ing the schools and other educational in settle down in China as merchants, or pass stitutions which are the embodiment n examinations and became members of the that policy.

Non-Chines

Europeans

Azerica

#d ANAKNA 6,182

Portage ***

Indians and others

2,659 5,492

B. Las 26.54

5,382

24 10

Rural

Chloere:-

Land population.. 275,304 $19,302 · 393,716 12 Lirbant;

55,157 69,107

600,00%

Best population --

www.

22

*This dotal of 450,098 excludes the Naval and Military forcos and the Mercantile Marino.

Upon a consideration of the numerical raio of children of school-going age to the total population, two distinct groups emerge. This ratio is in the cases of the Portugueso and the Rural Chinese about double that which exists among the Europeans and Americans, the Urban Chinese and the Indians a phenomenon due to the conditions of transience and impermanence affecting the races of the latter group. There follows immediately a short description of each of the various sections of the population.

ENGLISH

The Europeans and Americans (hers. after for convenience called Enghsh") are all classified as being in the Urban Division: this is not quite accurate; but they are of it and generally near it, and maly conveniently be considered us belong Lug to it

China,

III.'

EDUCATIONAL POLICY.

Chinese Civil Servico.

of 1882.

"We think it generally desirable that. even in primary schools fees should be raisy! as far as is consistent with the spread o éducation.

A MATTER OF EXPEDIENCY. EXCLUSIVE SCHOOLS FOR ENGLISH CHILDREN, -English children born in the tropics

This, and the insatiable demand among have the same right to a wholesome educa

have their happier home-born brothers, the Chinese to attend English Schools, though the crcumstances of climate and makes the way very clear. No sentimental tropical environment must in any case feeling, for instance, need warp the judg weigh heavily against them. In the words ment in carrying out the statesmaulika ad- of the Commilles af Education of 1901, itvice of the Indian Education Commission is undesirable hat they should in their most impressionable years be associated with the children of alien beli's and other ethical standards." It is paineu'arly The low proportion of children to undesirable that they should get an in- adults indicates the transitory nature of sight into mixed and illegitimite establish- ments. Further it is not possible to yoke this section of the population. It con

young English children, who have a know- siste largely of young bachelors; many men come out to a temporary employ-ledge of their own speech but of little else, ment leaving wife and children at homes with much older children who know a often the mother and children are sent home for climatic or other reasons, while great deal else, and wish to begin the study

of English. Indeed, with the father remains here. respect to the most firmly rooted, the oycle of their life may be described as ten years of bacherlordom, ten of married life, and ten of family remittances and expectation of the hour of retiring. Nevertheless the number of English child ron is considerable, though th census figures probably Include a number of Eurasians.

It is upon these considerations that the It is be British Schools were founded. lieved that these schools are pioneers in the The history of education of the Empire. Government realises the justice of making the ratepayers contribute as little as pos- sible towards the cost of this special class of schools, and the fees are therefore put ns high as the patents can afford.

These sechols are conducted on a Protest ant-Christian basis and are visited by the clergy of the Anglican and Union Churchea

* FOR INDIANE.

The whole edues- tional fand is adequate to the supply of schools for every group of villages, and those who enjoy the advantage of a school should contribute towards its cost so as to But we do not over- promote the establishment of similar insti- look the wants of the struggling poor, or and tutions elsewhere. of exceptionally backward races tracts.".. (Section 104.).

Some exception from this doctrine of ex pediency must be made in the case of the In the first place cost of poorest classes. travel has somewhat relaxed their tie with the mainland. And then, because they are less aware of the value of education. the more need is there to give it them. Their requirements are very modest. CHINESE, MUST STUDY THEIR OWN LANGUAGE

Those of the English population who can afford it usually live on the Peak, The next category includes the sons of

Another axiom on which our educational lower grade Government officials, such as

policy rests, is that Chinese are not edu subordinate officers of the Police and

The obligation to supply a good educacated unless they possess a reasonable fast. Banitary Departments, and junior em

to etr Indian fellow-subjects is lity with their own written language. ployees of firms in receipt of incomes of tion. £130 a your to £500 and upwards, as well strongly felt. A small school under This has bees the better opinion among ag all others whose duties or choien con Indion Masters has long been maintained

many years, Attempts have been made to fing them to the lower levels. While most for their exclusive use, and a still smaller, both English and Chinese authorities for feal the heavy cost of living, it may be one was recently opened at Kowloon, They blur the argument by references to the act as feeders to the District Schools and controversy over the value of Latin or Queen's College, where the Indian boys Greek. The cases are not parallel. hold their own without much difficulty Chinese engineer will find himself in dif among the able Chiness. No particular: Eculties if he cannot read a specification description of these schools is needed.

when ten miles inland, or a doctor who cannot write a prescription,

of the English inhabitants of Hongkong.

15

said that of "the poor as the expression in understood at home, there are none.

PORTUGUESE

The Portuguere belong entirely to the Urban population. Of them it has been said, "There is a suficient distinction between the Portagiese population and other Europeans to make this division advisable and interesting." The Portu- guese of Hongkong form a European cum- munity settled in the Tropics, thoroughly ecolimatised, and apparently not recruit ed to any extent from Europe.

In one sense therefore they are indigen- ous; but to another alien, as they retain their allegiance to their own country' and their connection with the Portuguese Colony of Macao. The adults are almost entirely in business or employed as clerks even the poorest are unwilling to do manual labour. While a few of the better educated like to cultivate the literary language of their country, they attach greater importance to a knowledge of English, so much so that there is no demand for the study of Portuguese in The schools which hair children attend. The speech of the lowest classes is a degraded form of Portuguese mixed with Chinese, of no literary possibilities. The Portuguese learn English early in life and quite readily; and the education given in the schools which they attend assumes that this isso. The high percent. age of children is evidence of the settled nature of this pootion of the population,

INDIANS.

The establishment of a superior school for Indians is under contemplation. Schol- astically speaking, the difficulty of com- bining the education of Chinese and Indians is that while each class needs to learn its own written language (Urdu in the case of Indians), Chinese is by far the more exacting and lengthy study.

CLAIMS OF THE PORTUGUESE.

Indigenous, yet of alien nationality domiciled half here, half in Macao, it might be here.de establish the precise educational claim of the Portuguese. For tunately the question does not arise. Their schooling is suply supplied by the various Roman Catholic Missions, as will be de In any case the demand scribed later. for a good supply of educated Portuguese to fill clerkships, especially the higher ones, would have to be satisfied,

BOAT POPULATION.

The case of the boat population is this. They are indigenous, which gives them a

moral claim to education.

On the othar

band, they have no natural desire for it The alternative seams to lie between com pulsory education with its rast attendant difficulties in Hongkong, and the policy of masterly inactivity which the Education Department has hitherto adopted,

The Indians, like the English, are am

RURAL POPULATION. ation and unstable element. But a con-

Until 1918, hardly anything was done siderable number havo married, seme- times to Chinese wives, and settled here for the Rural population except the eatab Their sons do welllishment by the Missions of one or two Ver quasi-permanently. at school and afterwards in business. nacular Grant Schools. Three small Goy- are also maintained in the New Territories; Special facilities have been made for their ernment schools where English is taught education. Filipinos, Asiatic Jews, Japanese, Eura- worth a detailed description. siams, etc., to whom no special reference need be made.

An indigen.

A

Conveniently for the Department it the habit of the better class Chinese give their sons a few years' Chinese educa- tion (usually in their own villages) befor

It is they bring them into our sphere." thas only necessary to hold Chinese en- trance

English examinations in the Schools, and to maintain and improve this to speak pre-natal knopledge. The great number of small Vernacular Schools in Hongkong both Missionary and Private are supported on the contrary by the poorer part of the Urban population, who do not deatre en English education for their sons, Thus, broadly speaking, Hongkong in con. corned with the English education of the Vernacular education of the poorer. Fur wealthier of the Urban Chinese, and the ther reference will be made to an educa tional ladder making it possible for the sons of the very poorest to obtain a free education through the English Schools into the University.

•

COME OFF THE FENCE."!

OFFICER'S STRIKING LETTER.

Hove affairs supply material for a trenchant letter from an officer on one of the ships in the Dardanelles. He wrote as follows to a brother in London :---

"We have been all sorts of things since

The

have here.

troops

We

SHIPPING IN PORT.

STEANBES.

ARTEMIS, Dutch str., 2,311, F. Recdekor. September 15th-Balik Papan Sep- tember 7th, General-Asiatic Petro- leum Co. CHENGTU, British str., 1,338, J. Speed,

September 15th-Bangkok September 8th General Butterfeld & Swire. 10th September-Kinhon Bay, Salt. Order. CHEIAN MARU, Japanese str., 1,784, Maka,

CHEONGSHING, British str., 1,259, D. Mc- Liddell, September 16th-Weihaiwei September 11th, General.-Jardine, Matheson & Co. CHILI, British sir., 1,800, Lloyd, Sep-

tember 15th-Swatow September 14th, General-Butterfield & Swire. CHOPU MARY, Japanese str. 1,953, 0.

Orii, 8th September-Hongay elh September, Coal-Jardine, Matheson Co. DAGFIN, Norwegian etr., 897, A. L. Solveren, leth September-Hongay 18th September, Coal and Pigs, Order DERWENT, British str., 1,560, Midgely, 10th September-Saigon 11th Septem. ber, Rice and General Order. HONOWAN I., British str., 2,000 G. King.

C.

JAVA-CHINA JAPAN LIJN

HEGULAR FORTNIGHTLY SERVICE BETWEEN „JAYA, OHINA AND JAPAN.

* TJIKEMBANG

• TJISONDARI

* TJ)BODAS

FROM

· EXPECTED

ON OR WILE" Laava roa ABOUT

-ÖN OR ABOUT

JAVA

JAPAN

JAVA

19th Sept.

3rd Oct.

5.b Oct.

SHANGHAI

JAVA

·JAPAN.

5th Oct.

6th Oct.

12th Oct.

• Wireless Telegraphy.

The Steamers are all fitted throughout with Electric Light and have socommodation for

• limited number of Saloon Passengers, All steamers carry a daly qualified surgeon. Cargo- taken at through rates to all ports in Netherlands India and Australia."

For Particulars of Freight and Passage, apply to the

York Buildings, 1st Floor,

Hongkong, 15th Septomter, 1915.

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN. Telephone No. 1874.

THOS. COOK & SON. TOURIST. "STEAMSHIP AND FORWARDING AGENTS. - BANKERS, &o.

Head Offee for the Far East-16, DEB VŒUX ROAD, HONGKONG. SHANGHAI, 2-3, Foochow RoXD, YOKOHAMA¦t 38, WATER STREET MANILA 1-—MANILA: HOTEL

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LETTERS of CREDIT and CIRCULAR NOTES ISSUED and CASHED, FOREIGN MONIES Exchanged. ・・

Cook's "FAR EASTERN TRAVELLER'S GAZETTE," containing Bailings and Fares from the Far East to all parts of the World, will be forwarded free on application.

CHIEF OFFICE-LUDGATE CIRCUS, LONDON, EC, Hongkong, 3rd July 1914.

BEFORE

1590

LEAVING FOR HOME

ON A HOLIDAY

ORDER THE

HONGKONG WEEKLY PRESS

TO BE SENT TO YOU, AND SO

"

KEEP IN TOUCH WITH THE FAR EAST.

bom, 13th September-Straits. th September, General Order. KASHING, British str., 1,193, G. Byers, September 11th-Manila September 8th, Genoral-Butterfield & Swire, KWANGLEE, Chinese str., 1,482, J. Mc. Arthur, 12th September--Shanghai 9th September, General.-Chinese,

1,822, Chinese str., KWANGTAH,

Stewart, 17th September-Shanghai 14th September, General.-Chinese, LIANGCHOR, British str., 1,220, W. Ben- son, 17th September-Shanghai 11th September, General. Butterfeld & Swiro. MANAPOURLY British atr., 1.286, Maxwell, 10th September-Moji 4th September, Coal, Order. PAKHOZ, British str., 1,228, Arthur Tacker, 13th Beptember Hongay 10th September, Coal-Butterfeld & Swino. TAIREI MARU, Japanese str., 2,102,

Horiuchi, 16th September -- Chefoo 8th September, General-Mitsui Bus- san, Kutisko. TAIWAN MARU, Japanese str. 1,146, BTUHINA OFERIANO TRADE EXPORT

ALL THE NEWS OF THE WEEK FULLY RECORDED. INCLUDING THE MOVEMENTS JE THE LOCAL MARKETS.

24. PAGES!!!

"NOTICES TO CONSIGNEES

24 PAGES!

24 PAGES!!

HONGKONG WEEKLY PRESS

noy ready and contains;~~. Fay storm: News. Hongkong.

The Roll of Honour.

Currency Reform.

The Late Sir Claude Macdonald, Japan and Russia. The Canton Ricis. The Law Courts. Random Reflections.

Sakai, 13th September-Hoihow 11th

Rice and General. September, Dodwell & Co. TAMING, British str., 1,561, Pennefather, 14th September-Iloilo 10th Septem-

Civil and Trade Domicile. her, Sepan Wood. Butterfield Poking and the Standard Oil Co. deSwire

Nagasue, 12th September Seattle TAMBA MARU, Japanese str. 6,802, S. Leading Articles:--

Coast, General-Nippon Yusen Kai- 10th September Manila 7th Septem- ber, General Butterfield & Swire. TEAN, British str., 1,350, H. Trowbridge, T, British str., 3,148, J. A. Thack

Hongkong. Dollars. ray, 14th September-Shanghai 10th September, Ballast.-Asiatic Petro Money Tag-of-War in Siam. Coolie Killed by Motor-Car. leum Co TEIRESIAS, British str., 4,822, D. Robinson, The Mysteries of Flatrer Pool." September 15th, Singapore Eeptem Hongkong Legislative Council. ber 9th, Gaperal.Butterfield & Swire.The Typhoon Refuge at Mongkokteni. UNKAI MARU No. 4, Jap, str., 1,910, K. Kowloon-Canton Railway.

Koroshima, 14th September-Karats 7 September, Conl-Mitsui Bussan Kaisha WINGSANG, British str., 1,517 TH Lishman, 9th September Shanghai 3rd September, General.-Jardine,

Matheson & Co.

LATEST STEAMER MOVEMENT. The str. Monteagle arrived Moji on. Friday, the 17th inst., at 10 am, left The Others classified with Indians are but they are of little importance, and not done grast work, so have the smaller ships Moji same day, at 10 p.m., and arrived

in the papers are rather misleading. p.ra.

home realiso aus population and one with a deep respect and some of the larger; but the accounts Kobe on Saturday, the 18th inst., at 5 for education, the New Territories have The sooner people at urgent claims, and the obligation of the that they can't sit on the fence and sing Government to meet them is heavy.

Rule Britannia' and 'The Boys of the We're up so little has hitherto been done is due to Bulldog Breed' the better. two causes lack of funds and the pre against a big thing, but nothing short of & German army in London would wake ponderant need during the past 12 years

CHINESE DAT POPULATION.

That

In dealing with the Chinese population it may be well to be rid at once of the boat population. These live, marry and die in the thousand sea-going junks and of establishing a sound secondary system some of them up to a sense of their duty. slipper-shaped boats called samgang so characteristic of the Hongkong harbour of education in Hongkong. The begin. Then the questions of aliens and muni- Rural, ning of an elaborate system has been made tions. We ought to have had a lesson I have classified thom as because they have the characteristic of under which the best private schools in the from South Africa. That was only a flea New Territories are to be encouraged by bite to this, but it was serious enough At any rate they are not

Recessional to the hymn-book and sang permanence townspeople. Very little is known about small subsidies. This system is described for us at the time, and we added the

it with gusto; but did we forget? them. They have big families as the below.

rather think so. God grant we remember figures show, and no education, unloss

now and in the future. The end of the

it is education which teaches a child of

URBAN POPULATION,

But the main educational problem at

I

CHILDREN OF FAR CAFHAY.

· X BOUIAL, UND POLITICAL NOYES OB By CHAB., HALOOMES, formerly of the Imperia! Ohine Casioms Servion. Author of The Mystic' Flowery Land," eta..

Correspondence:

The Canton-Hankow Railway Project. Fire at a Shanghai Cotton Mill. Accident at Shanghai-Nanking Railway

Station.

Proposed Enlargement of Harbour Ofco. Suspected Plague in Tokyo. Companies.

Ta

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

THE P. & S. N. Co.'s Steamer

"NANKIN," Arrived Hongkong ou 1th September, 1915, FROM LONDON, MALTA, PORT SAID, BUEZ, AND STRAITS. Consignees of Cargo by the above-named vessel are hereby informed that their goods are being landed and placed AT THEIR RISK in the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company & Godowns at Kowloon, where anch Contigument will be sorted out Mark by Mark and delivery can be obtained as the Goods are ***Options! Goods will be landed here unless instructions are given to the contrary within '6 hominum

Goods not cleared within 8 days including

·date of arrival will be subject to rent.

No Fire Insurance.will be effected by me in ady use whatever.

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and and DOTOLAS, at 10 am, on Mondays and

China.

Yokohama Spocie Bank.

Shanghai Cotton Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Hongkong Tramway Co. Kailan Mining Administration. Chinese Boy Knocked Down by Tram.

Prince of Wales' Fund.

The Motor Ambulance.

Cigarette and Tobacco Fund. Kwangtung Flood Relief Fund. Shipping Notes. Korea Mining Dispute.

In for it,

Local Sport Telegrams.

Attempted Escape from Victoria Goal. "A Descendant of Sir Rutherford Alcock."

The Hanyang Iron and Steel Works. Trading with the Enemy: Peking Notes.

Royal Christmas Gifts.

Canton Notes. Macao Notes. Passenger Lists. Land Taxation in China.

ten how to gybe 2 orank, round-bottomed taches to the Urban Chinese. It has been war may come soon, but centuries will craft in a gate. A few of their grubby shown how they all, with the partial excer-ever wipe out the German's disgrace urchins may attend. the Vernacular tion of the poorest, are bound to the Colony We require no Hymn of Hate, and the of historical interest showing the dispos) Denth of Mr. A, O'D. Gourdin. Schools intermittently for a year or two.

This

of

182 VOLUME, which sonsists of de

Pages, and includes a Sketch Plas sion of the Forces at the battle of Kwailim

BOBET

HART poet isn't born who could adequately

Chinese Bontal It should be understood that these people by the easiest of connections.

Its description inside us, and if it could only find words G.O.M.G., and Dr. A. BanxIE are a olas, apart from the other Chinese ephemeral quality of merchant or shop write one; but there's something singing in dedicated to Bir

iskeeper very greatly relieves the sense of ra-

Customs and Buperstitions, sombinee The educational scheme of the Colony: open to them, but has not caught them sponsibility with which an educator must and music fitting it would make the

with the insight it gives into politiaal There neeed be no talk of the Huns turn pale." regard him. hitherto,

free, much less of compulsory education..

Ronditions in China, makes "Oxia OF FAR CATHAY" su excellent volume for EGRAL POPULATION.

The Chinese, as a cule, comes here for what

presentation to friends at Home: Some description of the Chinese Rural he can make; so we must educate his sous Population proper has already been for what we can make of them: How much given, They are, fishers and farmers is that!

...

alike, hard-working, ignorant, narrow DEMAND FOR AN ENGLISH EDUCATION, and superstitious-

25

may well be

imagined. What is more surprising is

Bince Chinese is so difficult a language their desire for education and the respect that it is only studied by Government Off Of the schools cials, Missionaries and Sikh policemen, in which they hold it which they have developed unaided, as English must be the general medium of

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Superintendent. Hongkong, 12th September, 1915.

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