1914-10-20 — Page 5

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CATARRH

LECTURE ON THE

WAR.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 20m, 1914

BY GENERAL MAY AT LUCKNOW,

We notice that General May (brother of H.E. Sir Henry May, K.C.M.G.) has been delivering a Lucknow a series of very informing lectures on the war, in aid of the St. John's Ambulance Association.

In the course of one delivered on the 16th alt., General May said:

To judge from reading newspapers, and from hearing what is said round ond, everyone is talking about the sudden change in the complexion of the war, and the retreat which the Germans have somewhat suddenly undertaken. Some people appear to be puzzled as to why this sudden change of plan on the part of the Germans occurred. I have read, and I have heard it said, that the Germans, when advancing rapidly on Paris, suddenly turned eastwards, and the causes which caused that sudden change of direction appears by many to be thought. obscure. Personally I do not think it obscure, and I hope after you have heard what I have to say on the matter you will perhaps agree with me that if we make a little searching examination we shall have little difficulty in coming to our conclu sions. Go back with me a moment to the beginning of the great struggle, consider the war as a whole, the map of Europe, as indeed it is, the theatre of operations, and let me paint in a few bold strokes and a broad brush the course of events.

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But I have seen it said in Reuter's telegrams that something like a million Austrians were engaged with the Russians in Galicia. I have seen the army that was defeated near Lemberg put at a strength of six army corps. We have heard that the Russians have captured guns numbered by hundreds. Making all allowance for exaggeration, I do not think that anyone could have read the story of the recent fighting in the neighbourhood of Rawa Ruska and Lemberg without coming to the conclusion that the main Austrian armies have been thoroughly beaten. They have been beaten fairly in the open field and they undoubtedly have left a very large number of guns in the hands of the victors, and what is inore extraordinary large number of an prisoners. Now these incidents to my Some years mind require explanation.. ago I spent & month or six weeks living with Austrian officers, and entirely devoting myself to the study of the Austrian Army. I found a great deal to admire in that army, and I found a great deal to imitate especially as regards their cavalry. They are a highly trained army

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Captain M. Ridley, on or about November 10th.

The Germans were forced to gain an early aid decisive advantage over the French in order that they, might be able. I subsequently to turn upon the Russians, who sooner or later they know they must face to foren The slow progress which

such as Rheims abandoned, I think that it must characterise the Russian concentra flashed into the brain of the German tion and mobilisation would give them the General Staff that, even if Paris was not opportunity of striking that decisive blow to be taken, a decisive blow which would The shortest way to Paris was through hring about another Sedan, in the same Belgium, and through Belgium they went, intent on the capture of Paris. But owing region where their former triumphs had to the unexpected resistance of the centred, was possible. So they seized the Belgians their progress was far slower brilliant intention, and they turned than they expected, and when they did eastward, with the object of carrying that Now I meant to say gain the French Frontier, and they great scheme out. carried out their plan with a resolution that I think that so great a strategic and determination which we must admire, conception worthy of a General Staff, the goal for which they were striving which has undoubtedly studied war to suddenly vanished, because the character much purpose. But I will remind you that GRIMAULT'S of Paris was suddenly altered. The value tactics are the handmaid of strategy--the of a capital depends entirely on its instrument by which the conception of prestige. In all strategic calculations strategy is turned into concrete shape 11 hitherto Paris has been regarded as the the instrument breaks in your hands, the brain of France. Every political finest conceptions are valueless, and it innovation, everything that was bright seems to me that this very elementary and best in Francs emanated from that lesson of war has been driven home once city. Paris was the centre of French more in the experiences we have been thought, the centre of French life, and watching in the north of France during the centre of French action, just as much the last few days. The Germans had not as the brain of the hem being is the beaten the French army, and they had by centre of his existence. But if you could to means beaten the British army, If you deprive Paris of the special characteristics force enemy back, it does not mean which it possesses, it would become of no that he is beaten, and it is extremely rash

to assume that such is the You know their officers were full of enthusiasm, more value than, say, Vienna or Belgrade, or Madrid, for we know that these capitals how Napoleon leaned to the conclusion and I should have said that they were as have been taken and retaken without that the Prussians were decisively beaten army which would have given a good at Ligny and that therefore he went to the account of itself in the field. But the army producing a decisive effect on the war. which at the time was in progress. Now attack of Wellington's army with the I saw was the army in the neighbourhood what extremely cunning and confident slowness which is remarkable in of Vienna-I did not have the time to gu ter-sighted on the part of the French military history. You know he made a to Galicin, and the eastern frontier of the Government was this. For a while Paris miscalculation, and you know the result. country. I have little doubt that hat I You also will remember how Wellington, gone there I should not bare found as was dangled as a bait before Germany at falling back in front of Massena in 1810 much efficiency and smartness as I did in the beginning of the war When they might have made their rush at the bait, led Massena to think he was beaten, and the neighbourhood of the capital. There are certain facts about the Austrian Army Government took its fe archives of the victory, and how he ultimately entered success without entering into the question DOLLAR STEAMSHIP CO. Government took itself away to Bordeaux, pursuers at Busaco, and won a great which will account for her recent want of Government, and they could have carried from Torres Vedrus in renovated vigour of the excellence or otherwise of the the equipment of the on the Government of France from You remember, too, the campaign of training or Bordeaux quite efficiently and quite Salamanca, and how Wellington fell back regiments. The population of Anatrin is effectively had Paris fallen. Paris there with Marmont following him up, suddenly somewhere near 50 millions, of these about forey becams merely an entrenched camp rounded on his opponent at Salamanca 25 millions are Slavs, and there at and a geographical point. Its captare, in and won one of the greatest victories in 3,500,000 Roumanians also. Now I have other words, would no longer produce a history. You have seen something of the not entered into the quest on to night because I do not think I have the time, but same kind take place now, although we decisive effect on the war, and it was a décisive blus that the Germans must have no news as yet of the decisive victory the root cause of this great war that is strike. Place yourself in the position of we are hoping fer, and once more the value going on in Europe is the struggle between The German General Staff, and consider of the study of military history has Bler and Teuton, which has always gone on and which will always go on, which if the situation changed so suddenly as asserted itself and told no time spent in

that study is wasted on the soldier. has had a recrudescence of late. The great think these little facts aro of enormous Slar Power is Russia, and Rugain has taken interest to us, because I think the British under her wing the Slav States which have Aray may well pride itself on its training. lately shown themselves as such highly. The next We have all speut a vast amount of trouble efficient fighting communities in the Bal aver musketry, we have studied the health kan Peninsular. Those who govern the objective, and the true objective of any and stress of the men, we have, all of us, centre of Austria are German, and that is army, are the enemy's forces in the field.

Now look with me for a moment at the taken och pains to make the fighting the official language, and she with "CITY OF BRISTOL," Captain A. Henderson, having arrived from shape of the French frontier, at the machine of whatever kind it was that was Germany represents the Teutonic race, the above Ports, Consignees of Cargo are situation as we may see it on the map in our command effective and ready for which is threatened by a great inroad of Some of the greatest victorios Slay power. Is it not extremely probable, hereby informed that their Goods are being before us, and consider what chances these. landed at their risk into the Godowns of the strategic situation offered to the Germans, perhaps in the world have been won by if it is not almost certain, that many Slev

fortifications, behind the Russian Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown The French frontier is a very difficult one tactics: they were won by the courage and regiments would not fight with so much casual observer at all.

to defend, and the dista: ce of Paris from discipline of the men and the water of determination against Russia or against always lived under its shelter have attalions there are long dreary wastes, Company, Limited, Kowloon, and stored at

The Austrian armies which perhaps not realised how much we owe lonely solitudes, uninhabited plains with- Consignees risk and expenes, instructions are given to 10 centrary befora defenes of France particularly difficult, conceptions had failed. The fighting fought with such great courage against to it, We, even in the midst of a war of onb food for either man of beast which can

Optional Goods wil be carried on unles the frontier has hitherto rendered the their leaders at moments when great Servis f

The French Frontier runs from Dunkirk powers of the British soldier have pulled Napoleon were then in alliance with the magnitude which is now going on, he traversed with difficulty even in the All broken, chafed, and damaged Goods are south-cast towards Longwy. There its through over and over again. The Russia. The Austrians who fought with live very much as we are accustomed to. summer, and are intolerable inthe winter. to be left in the Godowns, where they will be changes and runs, generally speaking, due fighting powers of the French army. under so great courage in 1866, although they Prices may be a little higher, but not I Russia If she meals with any reverse, of examined on WEDNESDAY, the 21st inst, at south to Belfort in the neighbourhood of Napoleon pulled him through over and were besten-beaten because of entirely, think to any vast extent. But the people which I may tell you there is no sign, will Switzerland. The neutrality of Belgium over again. On the Dame in 1800, you defective armaments these Austrians to whom wo are opposed find themselves fall back by degrees, and as she falls back All Claims must bo presented within FIFTEEN is absolutely essential to the security of will remember that he was forced back on were imbued with hatred of the Prussians all of a sudden in the grip of an enemy's she will lead Germany on to these DAYS of the Steamer's arrival bere, after which France, because otherwise an enemy 'could to the river, across one arm of it, and on and were attacking them, and the whole force which they cannot see, and which inhospitable regions. Winter began to tell No Claims will be admitted after the Goods ass his forces in Belgium and rash across to an island in the middle of the stream nation, Slay and Teuton alike, were they cannot touchi-a force which may be on the French in 1812 before the month of

the frontier, and in six or seven forced is strategic position was hopeless-he united in the effort to confront that likened to one of the elementary forces October was over.

That will happen Eut it is a different thing now of nature, such as the rise and fall of the l'again. It will be impossible as the winter marches get at Paris. Not only that, but emerged triumphant by his extraordinary enemy. an enemy crossing he Belgian frontier as adiness in dealing with the tactical when the struggle is between Slav and tide or the action of frost-something approaches to carry an the war at winter the Germans dit, and gaining ground situation, and he won the great battle of Teuton, and when the Austrian army is from which you cannot get away, against war is to he carried on it will be carried southwards, would turn the flank of the Wagram when his utter destruction largely composed of the Slav element with which you can take no precautions--as on in a manner advantageons to the southwards, would turn advance from appeared inevitable. Similarly, Moltke Blay sympathies and Slay characteristics. mysterious as the ebb and Low of the tide Russians, and all the time Russia will be Longwy to Belfort. I think that most of did not hesitate to fight Gravelotte with I cannot account for the reports of 30,000-as inevitable and as strong. All over quietly gathering more and more troops Loud tee know that along the southern his back to Paris hecause he knew that the men of 50,000 or even 100,000 men having the world German ships are being seized, from her enormous territories, and the Heide there are a large number of what more and efficiency of the German army surrendered when we know that they have the channels from which raw material opposition to the Germans will be getting frontier there are for. The French in would insure him the victory, and an efficient and well-trained army except flows to her mills and factories are stronger every day. I say that to defent are fort bayad received a knock down rendered the risk he ran negligible. that they are not in sympathy with the checked and broken--a great commercial Russia by the invasion of her territories 1570, het sy bad they were weakened think we may well be proud that the cause for which they are fighting. There country, with a vast population devoted is a hopeless task. Therefore I say to your territorially to an extent, which forced fighting qualities of the British troops fere it seems to me that Austria is not almost entirely to industrial pursuits with confidence to-night as indeed I said them to rely on fortifications, endeavoured have in the late fighting we have been only a broken reed but is a support that suddenly finds itself not only without food in the very first lecture I gave that the to secure the safety of that southern reading about undoubtedly saved the is not likely to be repaired. I believe but without raw material. The mills are issue of this war is certain, and that it frontier by an elaborate system of French left flank, and by their brilliant Austria has found it is much as she can silent, the furnaces are cold, there is no can only end in one way, and that way is fortifications. The disadvantage of such a dark attack on the Marne turned what do to bat Servia, and it was these work for thousands and thousands of her the final overthrow of the Germans who system is that in order to find garrisons looked like a long rush of victorious circumstances in my mind, with the know- population, the price of food is going up, so rachly and dishonestly entered on the for there enormous forts a large number Germans into a retreat, which in places ledge that Russia, must come on in over and winter is coming on. Can you struggle. ft. in

of men who might otherwise be fighting in is reported to partake, largely, of the Ilming numbers, that at the very outset imagine a more hideous situation-the 2514

LATEST STEAMEN MOVEMENTS. the field are locked up. If you come by a

So much for the events that have recently of the war induced me to tell people that situation of Germany to-day, and week 325 33 1

swift movement from the north, turn the 60m 4 241 1 flank of that southern line of defence, if occurred and for their significance, and the issue was not for a moment in doubt, by week and month by month it will grow

SEA and to advise them to back Kitchener any worse and worse, and what chance has 354 35 by a whesling movement and overpowering I will now turn to the other end of the time against any other two. Indeed I may che not, for she has not been able to strength you can push the French army atre of war, and say a few words as to make my case stronger this evening deal that decisive blow that was to lay ཐོ་ 9

towards these "forts, by surround and the situation on the Austrian and Russian Germany is not only fighting Russia with France at her feet. What chance has she 1 22 4 9'3m 13 1 2 compel the main French force to frontier. You have read of the astonishing weaker afly-she is not only fighting to win a great campaign against Rusia ? dus here on the 24th October, at about

surrender-it would be hy no means wild victories which the Russian armies have France and England, but she is fighting She is fighting Russia, and fighting not 8 a.m.

I think until we get detailed a more dangerous enemy perhaps because only well-armed men, brave strategy. I think that when the Germans gained.

The 0.8. K. str. Tacoma Maru Ieft imagined that they had driven the English accounts it is somewhat rash to deal with a more suhtle one when she fights the sea shoroughly equipped men, in great num- Manila for Hongkong on the 18th October, 25m 067 7m 8.38 18:

No infor high or low rator in fight before them when they saw the numbers, and to state how many say power of England. The power of the sea bers, but she is fighting nature she is and is due here on the 21st October, at .25. 1 12.72m 10:3 2.0 French army falling back very rapidly as corps the Austrians had engaged, how

is something which does not appeal to a fighting geography. Behind the Russian noon. No infer high or low water they did when they saw a strong place many prisoners were taken and how many

AMERICAN AND MANCHURIAN LINE.

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THE

WE Steamship.

2 r.a. to-morrow.

10A.M.

date they cannot be recognised.

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Hongkong, 14th October, 1914.

HONGKONG TIDE TABLE. From 20.h to 26th October, 1914 HIGH WATHE

B'Long

Alean

Time

b. T 20.10 3

Weight

11:43

Height.

LOW WATRA

H'kong

Mean

Time

ft. in.

65

7 0

9

21 m 11 0

958 a 82

0

4 m

-10 35

2.

1 17 6 11 4 444 2

atar. 21

3 10 4 67-18 16

5 34 5.

Bus.

T288,

Wel

Thara. 22

15

I

it did, when Paris was transformed from the vital spot of France to a geographical point of no very vast importance, what course you would have pursued in order to gain a decisive victory.

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Fongkong, 10th October, 1914.

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