THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11TH, 1914.
SHIPPING
ARRIVALS.
CHANLEY, British str., 2,903, A. Hender gon, 10th September Manila 6th September, Nil. Order,
BAITAN, British str., 1,187, J. W. Evans, ¡
10th September-Swatow 9th Septem her, General.-Douglas Lapraik & Co. MEXICAN PRINCE, British str., 1,953,R, Macdonald, the September--Mororau 19th August; Ballast-Asiatic Petro- loum Co.
BALAHADJI, Dutch str., 1,235, J. Liberg, 9th September--Nowchwang 2nd Septem- ber, Ballast.-Asiatic Petroleum Co. TAISHUN, Chinese str., 1,214, R. G. Para- more, 10th September-Tientsin 30th August, General,-Chinese.
CLEARANCES.
AT THE HARBOUR MASTER'S Orion. September 10th.
HAITAN, British str., for Swalow. KAGA MARU, Japanese st., for Japan. KWONGSANG, British str., for Swalow. SUISANG, British str., for Singapore. BUNGELANG, British str., for Hoihow. WAISHING, British str., for Port Courbet.
DEPARTURES. September 10th, CHENATO. British str., for Swatow. Hus, French str., for Fort Bayard. KANCUow, British str., for Shanghai. KUTSANG, British str., for Shanghai.. BocoTRA, British str., for Singapore.
·PASSENGERS. ARRIVED,
Per Haitan, from Swatow, ote., Mrs. C. S. Moses, Misses Goldenburg. Lowe, Jones, Stubbs, White, Bacitfeldt, Jenkins. Bone, Sister Pilar, Sister Innocencia, Mr. F. A. Callico and Master H. White. - Per Kaga Maru, for Hongkong, from Singapore, etc., Dr. W. M., Schultz, Mr. V. Johnson, Mr. Rochutic, Mr. W. F. McFarlain, Mr. A. Oswald, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Priest, Mrs, G. B. Watsin and 9 children. Miss W. B. Watson, Mr. E. Wiphlfahrt, Mr. M. Williamas and Mr. V. Tamura.
LATEST STEAMER MOVEMENT.
The Yokohama office of the T.K.K. ia in receipt of wireless communication to the effect that the Silk despatched hence per the str. Chiya Mora on the 4th August was delivered in New York on the 5th! September.
VESSELS ON THE BERTE
THE PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION
STEAM
COMPANY.
FOR STRAITS.
AUSTRALIA. INDIA
CEYLON ADEN.
EGYPT, MEDITERRANEAN PORTS, PLYMOUTH AND
LONDON.
Taяotoн BILL OF LADING ISSDED FOR
BATAVIA, PERSIAN GULF, CONTINENTAL AMERICAN AND SOUTH AFRICA PORZA,
THE Steamship
THE
"SARDINIA,"
His
Cupt JT. Jetfory, carrying Mjoy's Malls, will bû dimpalalied from tis port for BOMBAY, on SATURDAY, the 12th September, 1914, at Noon, taking Passengers and Cargo for the above Ports, in conngetic with the Co.'s s.s. "MOREA" from Colombo, passengers' accommodation in which vessel is secured before departure from Hongkong,
Silk and Valuables and Tea and Cargo for Italy, France and London (under arrange- mont) will be transhipped at Colombo into the Mail Steamer proceeding direct to Marseilles and London. Other Cargo for London, etc., will be conveyed via Hombay and transhipped to the Ks. "PERSIA," due in London on the 23rd October, 1914.
Parools will be racnived at the Office ual 4 P.M. tae day before sailing. The contents and value of all packages are required.
For further particulars, apply to
E. A HEWETT,
Superintendent. Hongkong, 1st September, 1914. [1 HONGKONG TIDE TABLE
From 11th to 17th September, 1914.
HIGH WATER
LOW WATER
VESSELS
ADVERTISED AS LOADING
To ascertain the anchorage of any Vessels, the Harbour has been divided into Four Sections commencing from Green Island.. Vessels anchoring nearest Kowloon are marked “k,” nearest Hongkong "k," midway between Hongkong and Kowloon *m," and those vessels berthed at the Kowloon Whart "Ew." together with the number denoting the section.
SECTIONS
1. From Green Island to the Harbour Master's,
2. From Harbour Master's to Bliks Pier,
3. From Haks Pier to Naval Yard.
4. From Naval Yard to East Point.
DESTINAMON
Ful ser
LONDON via Usuar. Ports of CALL
BARDINIA LONDON & ANTWERP VIA SINGAPORI, 40.
NAMUR... MARSHILLES VIA SAIGON, S’PORE, COLOMEO, PORTSAID POLYNESIEN MARSEILLES, LONDON & ANTWERP VIA SINGAPORE, &C¦ Kashima MaRU VICTORIA, B.O., & TACOMA VIA SHANGHAI, &c VICTORIA, B.C., & SEATTLE VIA KEELUNG, ♬′HAI, do VICTORIA, VANCOUVER, SEATTLE, TACOMA & PLAND. VICTORIA.B.C., & TACOMATIA Keelong & JAPAN NEW YORK
VANCOUVER VIA SHANGHAI, JAPAN, 40. VANCOUVER VIA SHANGHAT. JAPAN, 30. SAN FRANCISCO #IA KEELUNG S'HAI & JAPAN, de SAN FRANCISCO VIA SHANGHAI & JAPAN. do.. MEXICAN. PERUVIAN & CHIEN PORTO VIA JAPAN · AUSTRALIAN PORTS VIA MANILA AUSTRALIAN PORTS VIA MANILA JAPAN ***
YOKOHAMA, KOBE & MOJI KOBE
NAGASAKI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA
TIENTSIN
WEIHAIWEI & TIENTSIN
SHANGHAI...
SHANGHAI...
SHANGHAI VIA SWATOW
SHANGHAI....
***
114
SHANGHAI, MOJI & KOBE
***
SHANGHAI MOJI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA SHANGHAL... ....
NINGPO & SHANGHAI
FOOCHOW VIA SWATOW & AMOY TÁMSUI VIA BWATOW & AMOY SWATOW, AMOY & FOOCHOW SWATOW
241 1
SWATOW. AMOY & FOOCHOW MANILA
MANILA, CEBU & ILOILO... MANILA
10
ка
•
[VLAS & BIO BIRTH
CAPTAIN
Brit. str....
·Brit. str.
Fren. Si... ... JAD, str. ...Jap, str....
J. T. Joffery
A. Collyer Lassinoe
M. Yagi
N. Kobayashi
T. Hori
Brit. at...
... Jap. str. ...
Brit st... Brit, str... Brit. str.
K. Hori
2 m.
A. J. Hailey
A. J. Hail
Am. att... Japat...
Jap. str...
·Brit, eta...
MEXICO MARU... AWA MARU CARDIGANSHIER CHICAGO HARU... GĦAXSE EMPRESS OF INDIA... MONTRAGLI MONGOLIA ... CHIYO MARU SHIYO MARU TANGO MARV 82. ALBANS TJILIWONG KUMBANG TOBA MARU NIKKO MAXU
CHEONGSHING KUNICHOW KWONGSANG
BALSETTE ...TAKBANO
ANRUI....
PENANG MARU CANDIA TSTAROMM....... KASHING
www
Kairo MarU DAIGI MARU
HAITAN
HAINUE... Arard
LOONGBANG.
TAMING
YUANBANG
TEAN...
TJIBODAS
RANGOON MARU LUZON Manu ... ...NUBIA
MANILA, CEBU & ILOILO BATAVIA, CHERIBON, SAMARANG, &o. BOMDAY VIA SINGAPORE & COLOMBO ... BOMBAY vis B'FORE, PORT B'BAM, PENANG & COLOMBO BOMBAY VIA STVÄITS & COLOMBO SINGAPORE, PENANG & CALCUTTA ... SINGAPORE, PENANG & CALOUTTA..." SINGAPORE, PENANG & CALCUTTA ... SINGAPORE, PENANG, RANGOON & CALCUTTA SINGAPORE, MAURITICS, & SOUTH AFRICAN FORTS SANDAKAN
HOIHOW, PAKHIL & HAIPHONG HAIHOW & HAIPHONG
THE
FAST ROUTE
mall-Jap, str. ..
Dut, sti,..
Brit. str.
Jap, mtr...
Jap. #... Brit, sbr...
... Brit. str. '...
Sakine
Baikie
T. Wheeler
Toshikawa
B. Takeda
V. Liddell ...
G. Hooker
W. F. Richard
FIR
A. F. Vin, & N-R
Brit. str...
Brit. str.
Brit. str....
W. McClure
Reit. atr. ...
1. m.
J. E. Harris
Jap. str....
Morazumi
Brit. str.
Out, tr... Brit, str... JAD. ACT... ... Jap, str....
Drit, ste
Brit, str:
Brit 8.
Brit, str... But, if
1 m.
Bsit, ster...
I m.
Brit. str.
Dut.
Jap, kte
Jap. at
Brit, at
Brit, str.
Brit, ..
B. E. Poel
X. Tamamoto S. Tokushige J. W. Evans
A K. Stewart A E. Hodgins W. G. G. Lensk Pennefather
P. H. Rotte Bidford...
Kamaohita
T. Miyata
F. J. Fox
L. Jones. Gilory
Nakamura
SUISANG
TATSHING
IM
NAMBANG
•Brit, str...
KAWACHI MABU SALAMÍS
Jap. str...
Brit, sir.
MAUSANG
Brit, str.
SUNGKIANG. KATFONG
Brit, str
J. Robertson
Brit, 8.
H. Mathing
D. A. Gardiner...
R. A. Matthews
FOX FREIGHT APPET TO
TO
HE, DESPATH D
P.&O. B. N. Co...
... P&O.AN, Co.
MESSAGERIES MARITIMMO... NIPPON TUBEn Kaisha
OJAKA SHOSEN Kathei
* NIPPON fuels Kamma'
COP
To-morrow, at Noon. About 14th Dot. On 29th inst., at 1 F.M. On 23rd inst., at 10 AM.
On 16th inst., st 4 F.M.
On 22nd inst., at 4 p.m.
.....] JARDINI,MATHMON & Co., Ln....] On 30th inat.
... Osaka Onosis Kamna
DODWELL & Co., LP
101
- CANADIAN PACIFIC E. Co.... CANADIAN PADISTO R. CO.......... PACIFIO MAIL 8.8. Co. Toro Kasam Kaisea TOTO KISEN KAISHA... NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA Grus, LIVINGSTON & Co. JAVA-CHINA TAPAN LITH
On 1st Oct., at 4 F.3. About 28th inst. ...On 16th inst., at Noon.
On 30th insf., at Noon.
On 15th inst., at 1 P.M. On 20th Oct.
...On 6th Oct.
От
JARDINS, MÁTHIIon & Co., L.D.... NIPPON TUSEN RAISHA
NIPPON YUSen Kaisha....
On 23rd inst., at Noon. On 25th Inst. at 10 .. Quick despatch.
On 19th inst., at 3 P.M
To-murrow.
On 21st inst., at Noon.
JARDINS, MATHMON & Co., LD..... On 13th inst, at. D'Eight,' ...BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE ...
༤་
* JARDINU, MATnsson & Co. Lo.....
P.&O. 8. N. 00..
........ JARDINH, MATHMON & Co., LD...
BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE NIPPON TUBEn Kamwa ...P. & 0.8. N. Co.
JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJK
On 17th inst., at Noon.
To-day, at Noon.
About 12th inst.
On 13th insi., st D'light. On 13th inst, at D'light. On 19th inst
.. About 20th inst.
Quick despatch.
On 15th insi., at D'light. To-day, at 2P.M.
...On 15th inst., at Noon, Today, at 11 A.M. On 13th inst., at 10 AM. ***]. On 18th inst., at 11 am- To-morrow, at 2 P.M. On 15th inst., at 4 p.m. On 19th inst., at 2 P.M.
... BUTTERFIELD & SWIN ... OSAKA SHOBEN KAISHTA OSAKA SHOSan Kaisha Douglas HapBark & Co. in Douglas LapRAIK & CO. ... Douglas LapRAIK & 00.. ... Jardine, MathESON & Co., LD... BOTTERFIELD & SWIBE JARDINH. MATHESON & CO „ BUTTPLFIELD & SWIEN
·Java-China-Japan Lijn NIPPON Yusen Kaitha OSAKA BHOSEN KÄISHA
P. & O. B. N. Co.
444
... On 22nd inet, at 4 P..
JARDINE, MAthrion & Co, Lv...!
Quick despatch.
On 14th Inst.
On 20th inst., AM,
About 22nd-inst
To-day, at Noon.
....... Jarðinn, Massunson & Co., LD...|. To-morrow, at 3 P.M.
JARDINE, MATHESON & Co., LD
NIEPON TUson Haisua
Ten Bank Lina Limited
... Jardins, Matheson & Co., LD
KUTTERFIELD & SWIRE
BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE
WEATHER REPORT.
On the 10th at 1285 p.m.-Pressure han increased slightly over Annam and the Philippines. It increased moderately at Hong kong till 3 am and has since been slowly decreasing.
An anti-cyclone is still shown in the Pacific to the sant of Japan, The typhoon now dominates the map. At 6 am, this morning the centre was a little to the north of Naba, moving N.W.
Hongkong rainfall for the 24 hours ending ab 10 mm. to-day, 0.00 inches.
The forecast for the 24 hours ending at nequr to-day is as follows
DISTRICT.
Bongkong & Neighbourhood winds, moderate;”
Formosa Chanel.....
FORECAST
N. to N.W.
fine,
The same a
No. 1.
South coast of Chins between (The same na Hongkong and Lamosks. No. 1.
South coast of China between (The same
Hongkong and Hainan...1
No, L.
UMINA COAST METEÓBOLOGICAL.
REGISTER.
10TH SEPTEMBRE, 1914, A.M.
Station.
Visdvostock Nemuro Hakodate
Tokio Kochi
Wind
Hour.
Barometer
at Son Level.
Temperature.
Fiumidity.
UUUU || Direction.
Wandber
7.
6.30.16
30.17
30 03
n 29,95
Sr 29.69
**),
29.36
n
29.46
29.93
29.77 63
Nagasaki... Kagoshima.. Oshima, Naho Enhi'm
Bonin Is Chatoo
Weihaiwei
Hankow
Ichang
Kiakiang....... Changsha ....... Shanghai) Gatalaff Sharp Peak
Amoy
Swatow
Taiboku
Taichu
On 19th inst., at 2 P.M.
...
On 21st inst
On 25th Oot.
On 15th inst. at Noon,
STEAMERS
To VANCOUVER Hong- S'hal Naga kong Wooeung saki
Leave Les vé Lasve
Yoko- hams
Vandon-
For
To L'POOL
Liver Kobe
Que boo
pool
Leave Leave Arrive Leave Arrive
FROM L'POOLĮ
Liver
pushes pool
Leave Arrive
STEAMRES
ver
haus
EMPRESS OF Wed'day
FROM VANCOUVER Varoon-Yoko-
S'bai Naga. Kobe
Hong- saki Woosang kong
Leave Arrivs Arrive Arrive" Arriva Arrive
Moji
INDIA 16 Sopt. 19 Sept. 21 Sept. 23 Sept 25 Sept. 7.0ct.
15 Oct. 22 Ost,
Wed'day
Moji
MONTEAGLE 30 Sept. 3 Oot 6 Oct. 7 Oct. 10 Oot. 24 Oct.
17 July 24 July MONTEAGLE 29 July 14 Ang. 17 Aug. 19 Aug. 22 Ang.
PASSAGE RATES HONGKONG TO LONDON.
VIA QUEBRO VIA NEW YORK, EMPRESS OF RUSSIA } EMPRESS OF ASIA
THE
EMPRESS OF INDIA EMPRESS OF JAPAN MONTEAGLE
Car Berth saZOBA
Canada 20 sdditional.
£65
£65
£43
£45
-
29.18
29,59 7, 29.6+
6 a 29.61 79
29.68 78
5 a, 29.62
1
Cape St. James Aparri
Manila
Legaspi
Elodo...
Bacolod
Cebu....
Labuan
" 29.62
29.7377
29.77.78
NW
କ
BIUL HOTELÍsassÉ1)
in degreso
at 2 p.m.
6 3.m. 2 p.m.
Barometer Temperature Humidity
29.67
20.73
$9,69
87
77
84
46
€6
53
Wind Direction ....
North
KW
ENE
Force
Weather
3
C
རྟེན་་སྟ་བ་སྒ་
Wireless
Rain
Days
B'kong,
Alead
Timo
1432011
Height
H'kong.
Mrau
Time
h. m.
It
I
b. m.
ft. in
Fri,
11
12) a 4 m
7 41
3
ป
5 48
3 8
Satar, 12
0 31 6 39 393 1 No infer, high- nor low water
No infer, high-
28
Sun.
13
1 26 5 3 11 6
nor low water
Mon.
14 m 2 42 6 4
{!3#8{ *་。
No infor high
or low mate
Tues,
15m 4 8 6 6
0 56 a 9
Wed.
Thurs. 17
16 m 5 27 7
6 18
4 6
6 36 7 4 6 6
4 2
8 24 4 0 2 6 1 4
No infor, high- nor low water
9 17:
To-day, at 10 AM,
On 16th inst, at 10 AM,
CANADIAN PACIFIC
ROYAL MAIL STEAMSHIP LINE
BETWEEN OHINA, JAPAN AND EUROPE VIA CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES.
INTENDED SAILINGS FOR 1914-SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. NOTE--The only fixed dates are departures from LIVERPOOL and HONGKONG. All other dates are approximats only.
Meals and Sleeping £71.10 £71.10
Hour of Departure-All Steamers sail from Hongkong at Noon. Passengers purchasing Trans-Pasific Round Trip passage tickets to points in Canada and the United States and Europe have the option of returning from San Fransisce by the
vener of the PACIFIC MAIL S.B. Co. or TOTO KISEN KAISHA.
SPECIAL FIRST CLASS RATES granted to Naval and Military Officers, Civil Servante,
Missionaries, sto, Partionlars will be furnished on application. AROUND THE WORLD RATES in connection with SUEZ MAIL LINES oF TRANS-
SIBERIAN ROUTE.
7 Aug. 14 Ang. EMPRESS OF 20 Aug. 3 Sept. 4 Sept. 6 Sept. 8 Sept. 11 Sept.
INDIA
EMPRESS OF RUSSIA” AND "EMPRESS OF ASIA registered tonnage 16,850, displacement 39,625 tons, are new quadruple screw turbine steamers, the finest, fastest and most luxurions on the Pacific.
Their passenger accommodation includes Suites, Rooms with Bath, Bingle Berth Rooms, Library, Lounge, Gymnals, Laundry, etc.
SPLENDID OVERLAND TRAIN SERVICE, connecting with the Company's Atlantio
Steamers,
HOTELS-The service furnished by the Company's chain of Hotels is unsurpassed. THE COMPANY'S STEAMERS ате fitted with powerful Karcoal
Installation. Route from HONGKONG VIA SHANGHAI, NAGASAKI (through INLAND SMA OP Passengers may proceed by Rail between Ports of Call in Japan if an desired.
{1491]
JAPAN), KOBE, YOKOHAMA and VICTORIA, B.C.
For full particulars of Pasango sad Freight Ratee, Pamphlata, sio, please
Apply to-
D. W. ORADDOCK, GENBBAL TRAFFIC AGENT, Corner Pedder Street and Panga
INDO-CHINA S. NAV. CO., LTD. BRITISH INDIA S. N. CO., LTD.
FROJECTED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG (SUBJECT TO ALTERATION).
YOR
STEAMBES
TO BAIL
SINGAPORE, PENANG &CALCÚTZA" SUISANG" Friday, 11th Sept, Noon. HANGHAI VIA SWATOW......... 'KWONGSANG" Friday, 11th Sept., Noon. SINGAPORE, PENANG & CALCUTTA“ YATSHING" ...Saturday, 12th Sept. 3 FM.
• MANILS
SHANGHAI
↑ TIENTSIN
• MANILA
SANDAKAN
w
"LOONGSANG".. Saturday, 12th Bept., 2 P.M. "CHEONGSHING" Sunday, 13th Sept, Dilight. "TAKSANG" ......Sunday, 13th ept., D'light. *MAUBANG" Tuesday, 16th Sept., Noon. SINGAPORE, PENANG & CALCUTTA NAMSANG" ...Saturday, 19th Sept., 2 P.M.
YUENSANG
Saturday, 19th Sept., 2PM. "KUMSANG" ...Saturday, 19th gept., 2 P.M. RETURN TOURS TO JAPAN.
*TOKOHAMA, KOBE and MOJI
The Steamers KUTSANO," NAMBANG" and "Lazang" long about every 3 mocks far shanghai atal Japan returning rin Kobe (Kalsad Sen) and Moji to Hongkong. Time ccupied 20 days.
"KDERANG," And "FOOTBANG," This service is supplemented by the
Lovat loaving Hongkong at regular intervals for Yokohama, Kobe and Moji and returning chense direct to Hongkong. Time occupied 6 days.
These vessels have all modern improvements and are 6tted throughout with Electric Light.
A duly qualified surgoon is also carried.
Steamere have superior accommodation for First Class Passengers and are fitted throughout Electric Light.
Taking Cargo on through Bills of Lading to Ÿ'tuso, Chalon, T'tain, T'ainy. W'wei, T'taz&N'obwaan. Taking Cargo on Through Bills of Lading to Kudat, Lahad Datu, Simporma, Tawso, Unkan, Jesselton and Laboan.
falephone No. 215, Enb. Excb, 4.
SERVICE OF STEAMERS BETWEEN
NEW
YOKOHAMA, KOBE, HONGKONG AND BANGOON.
Steamers are despatched Eastward and Westward at regular intervals taking
Passengers and Cargo at Current Eates.
For Freight or Passage, apply to
JARDINE, MATHESON & Co. Ltd.,
(11
Telephone No. 215.
Hongkong, 16th April, 1914.
AGENTS
Freight or Passage, apply to JARDINK, MATHESON & Co., LTD., Hongkong, 11th September, 1914,
GENERAL MAFAGHES
THE
Tainan
Koshan!
Pescadores Canton
Hongkong... tiap Roos Macao Wuchow
Hoihow.. Pakho
Phulien
Torrand s
29.53
29.60
29.63
5 a 29.77
帅
·29.69
249.73 78
9a. 29.89 64
13
6.29.86-75
129,76 75
29.82 75
59.67, 74
→ 29:78 78
99.91 81
29.86 88
F. F. CLAXTON, Dirastov,
1 Banon, zednoad to 32 degrees Fahrenheit, on the level of the son in inches, tenths and hundredths.
2 Tampinatusa, in the shade, Fahrenheit.
3 HUMIDITY, in percentage of saturation, the humidity of air anturated with moisture bains 100, --
4 DIRECTION OF WIND, to two points.
FORCE OF WIND, according to Beaufort Besle.
6 STATH OF WEATHER, & blue sky, o fetoked. alord, i drianling rain, f "fog, a gloomy, ʼn hail lightning, evenasty p passing showers, q aquail, Ir rain a snow, i thunder, v visibility, wdaw (wat! 7 BA in inches, t tenths and hundredths
HONG KONG METEOROLOGICAL
REGISTER.
Hongkong Observatory, September 9th
Previous On Date On Date....
Day st
at
Highest open air Temparature on 9th... 87 Lowest open sir Temperature on 9th
ON SALE.
78
TÙNG LONG HANBAED LEFOETE
H
of the MEETINGS. of the LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL for the Session 1913...
REVISED BY THE MEMBERS, PRICE
DAILY PREES OPTICH. Hongkong, 24th February, 1914
85.
STEAM
ROYAL MAIL PACKET COMPANY.
PROJECTED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG..
SUBJECT TO CHANSH WITHOUT NOTION "SHIRE" LINE SERVIOR-HOMEWARDS.
108
STRAMWEN
DATE OF DEPARTURE -.
TRANS-PACIFIQ “SHIRE ”? AND “GLEN
JOINT SERVICE.
VICTOEKA, VANCOUVER, BRATZLE TACOMA • CARDIGANSHIRE”
& PORTLAND
ismo • avèrsidades...)
On 30th Bopl ̧. For Freight and Further Fartienters, apply to Telephone No. 215 Sub Ex. No. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co., LTD., AGENTS
Hongkong 27th Augmt, 1914.
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.