1914-09-11 — Page 5

Cartler humer & C

The Wine Merchany of the Cast.

INAPIER

JOHNSTONE'S

H

'SQUARE BOTTLE ”

WHISKY.

UNVARIED FOR OVER

150 YEARS.

THE SAME TO-DAY AS IN

1745.

BEWARE OF IMITATIONS.

SOLE AGENTS IN HONGKONG

LANE CRAWFORD & CO.

and from ALL WINE MERCHANTS.

No Household

can be really happy if any of its members, are siling. Sound, benith in a family lea baspricains beyond words, and without it, sucess and felicity are practically impos sible. Much illness is positively unaccess ary and is occasioned chiefly by peglect. Much amciety given on this sccount to per and dostane is, therefore, avoidable. It is of the ugost importance that reliable remedy should always be at hand to rollero the earliest symptoms of Indisposition. Beocham's Fills are an excellent household medicino safe to take and sore in their

curative results. No home

Should Be Without

them. They exarciso à beneficial effect upon the liver, stomach, kidney, und bowels. They give speedy relief, and, in lime, they remove, mort of the ailmente connected with these important organa, Altacks of biliousness; constipation, Satur Jones, Londacks, drapepje and other dis orders of the digestive system are spendily dupelled by

BEECHAM'S PILLS.

г63

There is yet another point that you shouldmark on the tablet of your memory. Boochant's Pills, in nádition to their sc knowledged value in kidney, lives, and stomach disorders, trave a specially beno- ficini effect io such ailments amaro peculler to women, many of whom enduro neodiens pala and 13-health through ignorance of this important inct.

Sold everywhere in boxes, price') (36 pill®) £/£} (56 pl1km) & 2/3 (163 μ113a).

CHAPOTEAUTS -

MORRHUOL

Superior to Emulsions or Cod Liver oil.

Each tiny Morrhuot capsule re- presents the medicinal value of a teaspoonful of oil.

Recommanded at the Paris Aca- demy of Medicine, for loss of appetite and flesh, to patients with consumptive tendencies.

Sold in bottles of 109 Gapsules. Sold by su Chemisty.

THE NEW FRENCH REMEDY THERAPION NO. 1

OANS DISANOKA, KITHEL SEE, WILDOUT INJECTIONA

THERAPION No. 2

CURES BLOOD FOISE, BID LEGS, 1 ERUPTIO

THERAPION No. 3

BORER CARANTO WEAKNEBARS, DELIKT, LOST VIGOK,ZG BOLE IT LEADING CILEMENTS, FRION IN ENGLAND 2. SEND STAMP ADDRESS ANVELOPE FOR FREE DOCK TO COME. . HAVARSTOCK ED. HAMPSTEAD, LONDON, THE NEW DHAGKH (TEASKLEIS) YORM OF

A CURE FOR YOU

MART TO FAÉR

LESTING DURA, 16 N

THERAPION AND

489 THAT -FRADE YAYKED WORD TIKRAPTON

UHIT, COFT, STAMP ASPUTED TO ALL OFRUITS PACKETS. INSIST ON HAVING THEPAPION.

175

颛新外中港霫

123-5

HUNG NOOI SAN PO

(Chinese Daily Press),

PUBLISHED DAILY

Is the oldest and still immensambly the best

Advertising medium among the Native Community,

Established for over FIFTY XBARS Caroniates largely throughout Southern Chins Indo-China eta

Terms for Advertising (Translation free) osn be obtained at the Office, 10A, Des Voeux Road Central, Hongkong, 151, Fleet Street, London -or from the different Agenta,"

Documents translated from or tuto Clervical or Colloquial Chinese.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11TH, 1914.

CONTRABAND AND CAPTURE.

DETENTION OF FOREIGN

. VESSELS.

A correspondent writes to the Calcutta Stalceman --

A petty contest on the borders of the Southern Slav countries has developed with dramatic suddenness into a war in- volving all Europe, and now Great Britain is at war with Germany, while there is still a greater portion of the mer chant shipping-of-loth-nations either at вед Dr lying in the harbours of the belligerents.

There is colossal wealth now on the ligh scas in the shape of vessels and freight. A large part of it is still ignorant of the outbreak of war and a portion of it is innocently steaming towards an enemy's port. To a seaport city like Calcutta the fate of this shipping affords ground for painful anxiety, and it is well therefore to outline briefly the nature of laws of capture, contraband and detention to which it is now subject.

The latest international pronounce monts on these questions is contained in the Acte Finale of the twelfth Pence Conference at The Hague of 1907. Tho delegates summed up their conclusions in thirteen Conventions.' and one Do. claration. Of those Conventions VI. to XIII. deal with sea war.. Convention VI, to which both Great Britain and Germany adhere, deals with the treatment of mercantile vessels at the opening of war. To summarise briefly: it lays down that as enemy's merchant versel at the. port of an opponent on, the opening of war should be given permission to leave immedaitely or after a period of grace for its port of destination or for such other purt as it may be directed. This concession should also be granted to a vessel which has left its last part before war and arrives at an opponent's port after war has broken out. If the vessal cannot leave it ought not to be confisented.

returns.

One

AT YOUR SERVICE.

High quality goods, prompt and courteous service, combined with moderate charges, have enabled us to build up an organisation which controls the best equipped store in HONGKONG.

This organisation is at your service whether for articles of apparel for

LADIES', GENTLEMEN'S For

CHILDREN'S WEAR.

WE SOLICIT YOUR INQUIRIES,

WM. POWELL, LTD.,

HIGH-CLASS OUTFITTERS AND FURNISHERS.

.

CONTRABAND.

сав

THE PRECEDENTS With this caution in mind it is neces- sary to test the rule of ships in enemy's purts at the time of war. The precedents this case confirm the convention. So far back as the Crimean War six weeks were granted to leave the port: Turkey indeed

The capture of an memy's ships and laid no embargo on Russian shipping. In the Franco-German War of 1870, the cargo being still legitimate the question vessels one of contraband only arises with respect to French allowed German aonth; in the Hispano-American War,nemy's property or beutral property The United States allowed the same time, carried it neutral ships bound for an though the Spaniards allowed only five enemy's country. Contraband is divided Absolute contraband days.

In 1002 the Japanese allowed into two classes. Russian vessels one month and the consists of arms, munitions of war and Russians allowed the Japanese three explosives, the assistance of which to the enemy's war operations is direct and un mistakable.

weeks.

¡649

dition of affairs is inevitable so long as the captor nation adjudicates on its cap- ture The prosecutor who is also the judge is tolerably certain of getting what he wants. But he produces queer law in the course of doing so.

INFLUENCE OF THE PRESS. ON WAR.

TUL NEED FOR CONTROL.

The following article appeared in the Army and Nagy Gazette previous to the war, but its dontents are particularly pertinent:-

MOUTRIE PIANOS

are BACKED

GUARANTEE

for FIVE YEARS.

PRICES FROM $85

EASY TERMS CAN BE ARRANGED.

EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTORS

S. Moutrie&Co., Ltd.

INDO-CHINA BRICKS. TILES.

COMPANY. LIMITED.

(51-2

PIPES

BEST FIRE BRICKS AND FIRE CLAY

PATENTED

ROOFING TILES.

Guaranteed against Typhoon and Loskaga.

MORE THAN TEN MILLIONS IN USE IN THE FAR EAST. SAMPLES AND FULL PARTICULARS FROMI

P. SOFFIETTI & Co., 14, DES VOUX ROAD, TEL. 289. ALWAYS IN STOCK.

It is no exaggeration to say that a THE TAIKOO

issue of stores

and

{1049-2

DOCKYARD

AND ENGINEERING CO. OF HONGKONG, LTD. TAIKOO DOCKYARD. HONGKONG.

AND ELECTRIC SYSTEMS. Estimates given for quick construction and repair of Ships, Engines, Boilers, Railway Rolling Stock, Bridges, and all Classes of Engineering, Iron and Wood Work. GRAVING DOCK-787' by 88 by 34) 6

Pumps Empty Dock in 2-3/1 hours.

conditions for painting ships with most acient results.

throughout the Shops ranging up to 100 Tons, 100-Ten ELECTRIC CRANE ON QUAY-ELECTRIC OVERHEAD CRANES 50-Ton Hydraulio TEST NG MACHINE for Chain, Wire Rope, livets, sto AGENTS FUR

JOHN

THORNYCROFT K

LTD 07,

I. PETROL and KEROSENE MARINE MOTORS 7-1/2 to 150 B.A.P.

As suppifed to the British Admiralty and War Ofoe, MOTOR VESSELS, LIGHT DRAFT CARRIERS, GUNBOATS, LAUNCHES! HOUSEBOATE and PLEASURE CRAFT OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, MOTOR PUMPING and LIGHTING 2UIS, MOTOR VEHICLES. Eru.

between the hours of 11 A.M. and 12 Noon Dockyard Manager, can

If it is detained it should be released peace; but it is now an unquestioned prin. after peace without indemnity: or it can ciple that private property must only be be requisitioned. Sübilarly vessels leay-destroyed for reasons of military neous- ing part before the declaration of warsity and not merely for the sake of and ignorant of it can be seized at sea destruction or for purposes of gain. An and cannot be confiscated. They must be enemy's mercantile ship in its opponent's restored when peace

After port represents private property, and has touching a neutral port or of therefore acquired rights of non-forfeit their own they become subject to the usual ure. Directly, however, it puts to sea it rules of maritime law. These rules apply becomes something more than ambulant also to the merchandise on board; but private property. The ship is a line of be seized and both vessel and merchandise can be con-communication and can

railway fiscated if the construction of the ship destroyed as such, just as a indicates it is destined to be transformed be seized.. into a fighting ship.

To this an objection can be raised. It This, then, is The Hague Convention on may be urged that the railway analogy the subject. But it must be remembered would permit the seizure of ship and that all rules and regulations under the cargo, but that the eustom with regard to General with complete information, when international law of war are directive, private property on land would indicate engaged in a campaign against one with- not mandatory. In many cases they indi that both should be returned to the re-out, is like a man who can see fighting cate the direction in which international spective owners on the return of peace. a man who is blind; he can do what he It is sufficient to note that this is not likes with his opponent, and, within opinion is trending but not the point that has been reached. All such rules must be accepted and the principle emri ans," limits, the issue will not be seriously tested by noting the practice actually though dead in land war, is vigorously affected by the relative strength of the alivo on the high seas. There have been forces engaged. During the last hundred adopted in upon war. There is no other

years there has been a marvellous develop- test to inform us whether we are dealing many isolated efforts on the part of an with a pious aspiration or a real check individual nation or two or more nations ment of organisations for the collection SHIPBUILDERS,SALVORSANDREPAIRERS, BOILERMAKERS,

BRASS AND IRON FOUNDERS, CONSTRUCTIONAL, upon conduct. To show this distinction to obtain the complete exemption of of news from all quarters of the globe, most carefully it is only necessary to men- enemy property from capture at sea; but and at the same time we have witnessed

ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. tion that the thirteen conventions of the these efforts, which began so early as the the spread over all countries of the twelfth Peace Conference were followed middle of the eighteenth century, have not wonderful modern organisation of the all WELDING AND QUTTING of METALS BY OXY-ACETYLENE by a Declaration agreeing to forbid the been adopted. Napoleon and the United powerful Press as an agency for rapidly throwing of projectiles and explosives States both accepted the principle warmly placing the latest news at the disposal of Even if it should from balloons or by other new analogousin theory and abandoned it with singular the reading public.

Under the term be possible to devise a system under which method. No Power appears to have sub-rapidity in practice. scribed to this doctrine and the French droits of admiralty is comprised the reports on movements of ships and troops, bomb that fall on Nuremburg four days right of seizure of private property arriv-collection and ago blew up that particular declaration ing in our ports during war and of supplica at individual places, appoint in addition to several houses.

property in port at the time of war, ments of officers, and other vital matters, though this latter right seems to conflict could be excluded from all published war both with the custom as regards property news in the Press of one's own country, en land and of permitting an enemy's there would still remain the Press of ship to leave within a certain time after neutral countries, and the vast net-work the declaration of war and after loading of cables and telegraph wires, connecting THREE PATENT SLIPWAYS taking vessels up to 3,000 tons displacement, providing

different countries, will make secrecy in cargo.

those respects almost unattainable. Per- haps the best known example of the use made by an army of such reports was the case of the information that reached Moltke in 1870 of the movements of Mac

This occurrence has Mahon's army, recently been described by Mr. Spenser Wilkinson in the Morning Pust in the following words:- On August 23rd a report reached King William's head- quarters at Commercy that Napoleon III. It has also on occasion in with considerable French forces was at The deteation of the Hansa vessels at

on the same day was Calcutta by the Port Authorities probably cluded such commodities as food and coal, Rheims, and

2 French arises from two considerations. The first though always under protest of the captured a letter in which is that the Government of India may de- opponent nation. Conditional contraband officer at Metz expressed the hope that sire to know what action is being taken in included goods that may be of use both the army there surrounded would soon the United Kingdom in this regard before in peace and in war. They can be acized be relieved by the army of Chalons. On 24th the German headquarters taking definite action; and the second is if there is reasonable belief that they will the doubt us to the altitude of Germany. contribute immediately to the forces of received a captared Paris newspaper In Great which stated that MacMahon, with British shipping is now being detained in the enemy or their defence. the Kiel Canal. Also it is obvious that if Britain the Admiralty Manual lays down 150,000 men, was at Rheims. On the 25th the Germans have seized a collier in the that they are not forfeited. Britain only came, by way of London, a telegram sent the 23rd, saying Mac North Sea and a Wilson liner before the claims pre-emption and acknowledges its from I'aris on declaration of war we cannot equitably liability to pay freight. The whole ques Mahon's army assembled at Rheims. allow her shipping to leave our ports tion of what is or what is not contraband Emperor Napoleon and Prince with until that country has clearly indicated depends purely on the declaration of the army, MacMahon trying to effect junc its policy. Under The Hague Conference belligerent Powers, and experience in the tion with Bazaino."

It is not necessary to point the inoral papers, with an interest in the provision quickly as the enemy is likely to obtain

of news for their journals and without wars of the past half ontnry shows that the right of detention is upheld with re- stitution after the war. We are therefore the term absolute contraband" is de of this, especially since the abject lesson the persons! and patriotic interest in arms which would

INSURANCE ACT PROBLEMS. acting within the recognised canons in cidedly elastic. A vessel carrying contra-afforded by the Japanese in their war the success of our detaining the Hansa boats. The question band is not confiscable under British with Russia, of the extent to which a influence our own journalists.

As regards practical suggestions, we confiscation be rules if not owned by the owner of the system of obtaining intelligence during of restitution or

EXCESS OF BICENESS CLAIMS BY WOMEN. would draw attention to the lecture an1. settled when Germany has shown her contraband unless she has simulated military operations from the Press of

The second annual report on National hand. For in every matter except that papers or unless her owner was privy to neutral countries can be developed under discussion on the subject at the Royal of inhumane treatment any Fower is the carriage. In Germany and Denmark modern conditions; but it is permissible United Service Institution early last

well November, but these dealt chiefly with the Health Insurance in the United Kingdom justified in basing its policy on the policy she is confiscable if all, in France if three to speculate whether with a of its opponent. If this doctrine should quarters and in Italy if any part of her organised system of intelligence, it would methods of securing the secrecy of the has been issued. It is a bulky volume of be objected to it can br put in a different cargo is confiscable contraband. It may nowadays take two days for a telegram Press of one's own country, not with the 350 pages, and a study of its contents Dom Paris to a London newspaper to prevention of reports being telegraphed brings out prominently the great variety way: Either we are confiscating Germax be noted that if such a vessel succeeds in ships in harbour because Germany is conreaching the hostile port she cannot be reach the whole Continent of Europe. A to neutral countries, and so reaching the and complexity as well as the magnitude few years ago a good deal was heard in

For the former, the essential of the Insurance Commission's opera- fiscating ours, or we are retaining them confiscated on her return.

this country about proposals to take condition to be fulfilled is that there shall tions. In England alone there are now NEUTRAL GOODE ON ENEMY's sur in satisfaction of damage done to us by

At The Hague Conference of 1907 Grrat measures ensure that due secrecy he an understanding between the repre over 102 million insured persons, and the Germany in excess of the usages of

Britain was prepared to give up the prin- should be observed about all news of naval sentatives of the leading newspapers, the receipts in the whole country during the modern war.

ciple of contraband altogether, right of and military preparations which might Admiralty and War Office, and the Com first 18 months in which contributions The law and practice of capture at sea visit being retained only to ascertain the be of value to our prospective enemies inmittee of Imperial Defence, or whatever were paid anionated to over £3,000,000.

time of war but the problemi bristles may be the organisation for recording The dificulties in which some of the ap- presents a unique distinction from the neutral character of the merchantman

mere detention practised on This proposal recrived considerable sup with difficulties, and we can only express officially the strategic movements of our proved societies find themselves owing to grace or

For ensuring that information excessive claims have been carefullys confiscated, outright on declaration of the United States opposed and Japan has been arrived at which will satisfy does not leave the country in time to be examined by the Commissioners, who Vessels in port. In port no vessel can be port, but France, Germany; Russia and the hope that some satisfactory conclusion force. war. At sea during the whole course of among others abstained from voting. Sir the required conditions.

devise any system. Censorship of all of the finance of the Act in respect to

women will be necessary. the operations any enemy's ship can be Edward Fry, called a meeting of the military matters, we may take it that service to an enemy, it is not easy to come to the conclusion that some revision The facts seized and its contents confiscated. There delegates of the States, that supported his these conditions include the suppression cable and wireless messages, police mea- are few and rather shadowy exceptions. proposal and suggested their adherence of all reports regarding the progress of vures to ensure the control of homing established by the inquiry are:-

(1) The sicknces claims of men, taken Convention XI. of The Hague Conference to two principles: firstly, that goods mobilisation, and regarding all move pigeons brought to this country from exempts mails, whether neutral or hostile belonging to the subject of a neutral on rents subsequent to that process ant abroad, with a view to their despatch as a whole, have been within the actuarial

The board a neutral or enemy ship cannot be drcisive battles have taken place.

with messages, control of all passenger provision. rither official or private, found on a

(2) The sickness claims of women, neutral or hostile ship, unless they are condemned as contraband; and, secondly, klic demand for information will be trafic from the United Kingdẹm; destined for a blockaded port. The that the flag of a neutral covers all goods chiefly concerned with accounts of the steamers may be sized but the mails must on board. The delegates refused to sign. results of such battles, and especially insures may help, but, all things con taken as a whole, have been materially in

who would predict that ΠΟ useful

(3) Great variations have arisen be- he forwarded with the least delay. In The United States and Brazil-later-gard-to-the-casualties, of which full sidered, it would be a confirme l optimist excess of that provision.

details are urgently desired by the information, would reach 2,7 enemy tween the sickness claims made upon in- shore fishing boats are also exempt. The suggested the complete or partial aboli

The relatives of those who may have fallen through the agency of the Press. The dividual societies.. reason for this distinction between ships tion of conditional contraband.

(4) The sickness claims of both men in port and ships at sea is interesting question of natural cargo on an enemy's such information can well be published. point to remember is that there are two Originally all vessels were captured ship appears to have received little atten as it may be assumed that an enemy will sides in war, and the value of informa- and women have been in the case of many whenever or wherever they could be seized. tion from conferences or jurists. That already know the distribution of forces

it is received. When trying to prevent normally prevail, and which may be ex- War then aired at the complete destrue and a hundred other mout questions will hick the battles will have disclosed. Ition varies with the hour or minute that societies above the standard which should is the preliminary movements and plans the Preas of one's own country from being pected to obtain when societies have tion of all enemy property whether State receive definite answers so soon as the or personal. In later times the principle Powers agree to the establishment of an regarding which secrecy is so important

Until that and it is for these that it is most difficult source of strength to one's foes it is become experienced in administration, of

has almost International Prize Court." harry and lay waste

to devise a systemu. Even if the Press of extential that arrangements shall be made under the Act. completely disappeared in land warfare. is done the law of contraband and seizure It is and will always be impossible to as applied to individual cases will remain one's own country does not disclose the combine State war with profound private a jungle of inconsistencies. Such a con- there remains the agents of foreign

CAPTURE AT SEA.

can

to

As' regards

at the Town Office,

TELEPHONE No 21.

enemy.

be seei

BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE HONGKONG, CHINA, AND JAPAN, AGENTS

Telegraphic Address :-“TAIK OO DOOK."

such

information from the same sources.

150

t make full use of the information 5) The claims for maternity benefit furnished by the Press of countries that have also varied considerably between are neutral and to get this at least as different societies.