1910-12-09 — Page 5

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1010-2

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AMERICA IN THE PHILIPPINES,

Y.

FORESTRY ROAD MAKING AND THE

A FRIAR LANDS

and

to

NAPIER JOHNSTONES'

WHISKY.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 9ra, 1910

inspoot the property, but without necessary legidation was opacled providing

1 for the enrrepin, of the real tracts and deciding to purchase. The next applicant

from Cuba. He also went away. the sonolusion of the purchase. When the enme title to the lands was finally vested in the leaving the San Jose estate still in the market: "SQUAREBOTTLE” United States it was provided that they were but presently there arrived another gentleman Inst to be resold, or leased, on a valuation which from Cubs, with introductions from tan would reproduce us usar as possible the cost inquirer, who, after investigation, bought tho of parehan, with interest at 4 per cent, plus property at the Government's price, about all the expensos of surveying, conveyancing

ing £70,000. This gentleman is Mr. Poole, whos the nams has become notorious in political disous- so forth. It was further "actual settlers and ocupants at the timesions in Washington and throughout the said lands are acquired by the Government Philippines. It seems that Mr. Poole has been shall have the preference over all others" in assosiated with the other gentleman from Cb purchasing, leasing, or otherwise acquiring in certain sugar properties in that island. in holdinga in the various tracts. The intortion the conduct of which it is claimed that they was, with as little financial loss as are connected with the so-called Sazar Trust;! in fac might be to the United States (though it does and any connection with a traat, in the present not soon over to have been anticipated that condition of politics in the United States, is the Government would in fact be able to enough to arcuse suspicious. recoup itself in tote for its ontlay, to secure Under this laws of the Philippines no "cor to oxisting occupants full title to their several poration" gan paroheso more than 2,060 acres of the sale of the San Jose patate to Mr. Poole it class of peasant proprietors on the old estates.

(BY THE "TIMES" SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.) Ia a former article (The Times of November 12) we aw with what energy the Americans are working to re-create the City of Manila. And what is being done for the capital is being done more diffused y, but with no less enthusiasm. throughout the islands. Reference has been made to the warfare waged against amallpox and cholers and to the digging of artesian wella. But it is net in any ous particular, but in all the administrativo details which are the foundation of an eficient governmental system. that the United States in the Philippines bave

The had the work to do from the ground up." Spanish régime sooma to have been of the sketchiest and most incomplete. Thero are some 11,000 miles of coast in the island, and approximately one-half of that has now bean properly surrered. The work is progressing at the rate of something over 1,000 railes a year. so that it will be completed in about five years from now. Individual survoys and the condi tiana of tounre of individual holdings of serioul- toral lands were (it in a subject which will have to be referral to again) hardly less inadegaste and chaotic.

survoging and ebarting of the poasts under the 1. koldings, so as to encourage the growth of a the public landaimed that the spirit!

PHILIPPINE FOREST RESOUÈCES, About one-half of the total area of the islands, or over 60.000 square miles, is forest in which there is great wealth of valuable timber. No systematic attempt seems formerly to have been

SMALL HOLDINGS

Considerable difficulty was mot at the outset in securing proper surveys of the various heklinge oconpied by individual tenants. In a rent number of cases they were absurdly small and of every conceivable shape, while almost anything, such as a mango tren or a It has taken particular caraboo (bafala) wallow, served as a landmark or boundary line over four years to get such surrors of all the holdings that good titles can be conveyed in

them.

What is more serious la that the Filipine postaut, or fao, has generally no ambition to Fecome a landholder. Under Spanish rule land und bean cultivated, if cultivated at all,

on the shacienda system the owner st who

of this provision, has been violated, the temat baving, in affect, beon handed over to the Sagar Trust. At the time of writing it is anderstood that a Congressional Committer will shortly come from Washington to conduct an investi gation.

It is the opinion of your Cermes pondent that, however pleasant a jaunt the Committes, may have, it will find little to not pubic investigate. The lands lande", Mr. Poole is not a "corporation though a company to work part of the estate has since beex formed and there is no reasonable doubt that the Chief of the Bureau reted in entire good faith, as in his judgment might might seem for the best interests of the Govern meat." Thors familiar with the estate consider. that he was extremely fortunate to find, with com-

AS

150 YEARS.

IN 1745.

BEWARE OF YOL VS NHL

UCSDDINTAKĹ

IMITATIONS.

SOLE AGENTS IN HONGKONG:

Paratively little trouble, purhaar willing to pay LANE, CRAWFORD & CO. a paternal relation to his to Government's figure for the property; and the land was leased, not for a monetary rental, aded that the difficulties which the new owner but on shares in the crop. By helping the tonauts are meeting in procuring labour to devolop the over 888sons of bad crops, or ever donatio estate (dificulties which are a common topic of calling for unusual expenditures; gosip throughout the Philippinos) seem to lend the landlord penerally contrived to have them colour to the belief,

This is, in brief, the story of what is known, after the fashion of American political phrase ology, as the Friar Land Scandal.

made either to exploit or to emtrol three timber tracts, and less than 300 species of tree had been identifion. Some 2,600 species are now roof nised and something is known of the amounts available and the commercial possibilities of esch. And many of the Philippine woods are of great value and beauty. Most interesting, per- haps, of all is the manconn (Kenthestemowin his debt, so that their condition became that! dugonianus), believed to be the hardest-and of practical serfdom. The erstem is out, of to habituate the heaviest wond in existence, baing superior in course, peculiar to the Philippines; but here, as

elsewhere, its effect was Bo both qua ities to lignum vile while having the advantage of growing in treen of considerable peasant to the circumstances of dependence that

majority the desire to stand alone as INOCULATION AGAINST ENTERIO size. It is so heavy that a slab of mateone. Individual landholdere did not exist. There 4in. by bin, and one-third of an inch thick, lies

was too often's discouraging reluctance on the before me as I write acting as a most efficient

part of the actual settlers or occupiera" to come forward and make application for titles to thoir holdings.

the tirater trade of the islands in destia ed to assume large proportions cannot be doubted. The amount of timber need in nativo architecture is slight, the ordinary Filipino house being built of bamboo with root of losses of the nipa nam; but some 60 sow mills are now at work at various place in the islands, the largest

of which, employing the most modern mothods and machinery, cula 40,030ft. of

in the

None the less, by persistent effort on the part of the authorities, there have at this date been effected some 27,000 leases and nearly 10,000 sales of small parcels of land, over 60 per co t. of the whole atas being now disposed of at prices which uniformly comply with the requirement the the sale price sholi be equivalent to the carred. If the parchasers, or lessons, are not always the original oconpiers of the particular

Major Gen. H, M. Lawson, who is in tempor try. command at Aldershot, has directed the attention of officers and men who are ordered on foreign service to the importance of unforgoing inoculation against typhoid fever. As a matter of fact, says a contributor to the Naval and Military Record, this practice was first instituted in the army in some of the transporta going to South Africa on the outbreak of the late war, and with the happiest results; so that the anay instead of volnatary. But medical authorities are now seeking to make the this is hardly

lumber a day. All concessions are, of course, | original purchase price plus the expanses in practice comkely to be concoded until it in

granted subject to the recognized conditions of shall develop, rather than redace, te future Bupply

a protection proved that inoculation flords

enterio Infection somewhat more com and lasting than is at present the case. The

modern scientific fore-try, so that the cutting boldings ther do in the mass fairly represent op now afforded is chiefly valuable in

THE CAMPAIGN FOR GOOD BOADS. More important, perhaps, than anything else is the work which is being dogs in road con- struction, the means of internal communication therughout the islands boine for the most part deplorable. Tht this condition is in a fair way In be remedied is due largely to the enerzy and persistence of the present Governor General of the Isneds, the Hor, W. Cameron Forbes. The chief internal tax in the Philip pines is the caula, or poll-tur, which was riginally fixed at one pers (ahont 2a) a head On the initiative of Mr. Fortus the first Philip pine Assembly (the loctive Legislative Chamber, composed entirely of Filipino members) passed Jaw providing for the allotment of certain suns from the public Treasury, to be expondo

the clase from which it was intended that the new proprietors should be drawn. But there are sxceptiovB.

THE "VACANT" LANDE."

In the event the Chief of the Bureau of Public, Lands should and any of the said (.e., Friar land vacant, be in directed to take possession thereof; and he may either lease such unocoupled lands for a form not exceeding three years or offer the same for sales in bis judgment may seem for the best interests of the Government, and in making auch salse he shell proceed as provided in Cap. II. of the Public Land Act.

uding a young soldier over a critical period, as it

fasts rarely more than two years, but, even so, Statistics the value of the operation. During

prove 1906-7 there were 2,130 man inoculated in India, and among these there occurred eight casos of enteric fever, with one dantis. But among those nat inoculated there were 770 cases, with 101 leath! Again, when the Coldstream Guards embarked for Egypt at the latter end of 1906 there were 331 inoculated and 381 nor-innealat ed persons in the battalion. During the first Year que cash of enteric fever occurred along So ran the warding of the Friar Lands Act. the inoculated and 13 among the others. It is Subsequent legislation by the Philippineegis also interesting to note that generally where #1 lature les amended the "suntogue which is inoculated man nontracts the disease it will be printed in italics aboro, substituting therefor found that two or more years have slapsed since the words "

ho shall

Sretion 1. India are being invited to be done for the which valuutarily doubled the amount of the specifies certain details of procedure, as of ul- second time just now. To sum up, the most celula, the increase to be devoted to road work vertigement, and so forth. by which the chief is meent statistics show that the proportion of within the prosiace. Demargognes had boon to be guided in making the sales. The original typhoit cases in inventated soldiers is now one olaining that even the single pose was 109 Friar Lands Act from which the clause abore, third of that of the non-inoculated, and the heavy a burden for the mase of the natives, but e quoted) explicity states in another suction death-rate one-sixth, so that inoculation las this year all the 31 provinces affectel voted the that the Friar Landis are not public lands." effected a reduction of 66 per cent. in all typhoid denble tax, the aggregate increase in revenue With the elision of the sentence in italics (see cases! thus realized hair about £180,000 a year, abore) therefore, the procedure in the sale of From all sources there is now available for any portion of these lands hocams entirely internal improvements a sum of approximately more from the scope of the Fublin Land Act and was left to the "jud ment" of the Chief af £450,000 aunaslly,

the Barvas, subject to the conditions of ad- vertisement and so forth Already referred to This all refer to any lande which might be * vecant"; fint is to say, having no existing

in internal improvements, to all provinces vided in Section XI. of this Arte es pro- the omoration was performed; no that soldiers in

The endeavour to induce the natives them nelear to show an interest in what is being done for their benefit is often discouraging work, but. the Governor-General bimself is always ready" to make a journey iste the provinces to give "occupiers," the eclat of his presence to the openi o of a new rond or bridge. The recent visit of the United States Secretary of War to the Is'ands, ugain, was turned to excellent acant by being mads known that it would be impossible for him and his party to visit this or that locality enter the roads were put in first-class condition, In more than one neighbourhood the inhabitas ta worn than induced to return out en masse and de valuable bits of read-making without any call on the public funds. Your Correspondent has in the last few weeks tinrolled in on automobilo aver excellent roads in localities where at any former time the passage of an automobile would have been an impossibility..

Wherever possible, now works are made of a permanent character. the Governor General having kid down the maxim that “plans should always be mode upon what will be the west economical construction calenisted of man" It is on a basis of at least 50 years. Dovel doctrine to the Filipino, who has been Bonustomed to look seldom beyond to-morrow, living in a frail

No. 22, Nosten Föad, Corner of Stockow Bond, Shanghai. 1719 over soft trails a hut and going bare fort

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It is questionable if anywhere with all our record as the in British territory, road-makers of the modern world, has more udden and thorough transformation of the mesus of communication been effected than is nor being wrought in the Philippines.

FRIAM" LANDS.

Out of the handling of the land by the Insular Government has arisen what is at the moment, next to thosaljeet of independence itself, the pubiis question in connection with the Philippines which looms largest at Washi pton or in the politics of the United States. This is what is commonly known as the Friar- Lends question, which deserves explanation In some detail, The Friar Lands are certain large treats which in Spanish days were owed in varying am

amoubis

religious hy three drs. the Dominicans, the Augustinians aud the

Recoleta, Bare-foot Augustinians Tiers tracts comprised some 410,000 more than half of which he close to the city of Manile, and in their area included some of the best su ar-producing and other agri- cultural land in the Philippines. The owner- ship of these large estates by the orders apiars to have been an old grisernes with the Filipines. themselver, and at the time of be Aninaby insurrection the Philippine Republic decided nationalize" (or appropriate) summarily to

or

acres,

On the restoration of order, when the owner endeavoured to resume possession arid to collect arrears of rent from tesent, the pro- ceedings provi-ked so much disturbance" that the United States Government decided to buy the properties flself, which it did for the good round rum of about £1,400,000 sterling. The

THE BAN 3089 ESTATY. There are two very considerable Friar estates which were ihua vacant." One in the Isabela estate, in the Cagayan Valloy, in Luzon, om- bracing so 44,000 acres, whick, ra ote and undeveloped, is likely to remain unsaleable for some time: The other is the Sun Joe estate, in the island of Mindoro, of about 56,000 acres; and it is this about which the controversy has arisen.

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Thirty years ago only four Powers owned first class en of war, si Powers owned sesand rater, and no other Power owned or was build-URNITURE AND PHOTO GOODS

ing any ship that could ayet be described as në the scond rate. Bines that date naval ambitions abroad bare steadily increased. Many oxtra. European Powers, notably the United States and Japan, have entered into the competition, and only one, China, has dropped out. Neces sarily any startscical abstract such as is hore given is rough and approximate. There is, for instance, a wide difference between the ships building construction in Spain; but both types are an for the Argentino Republic and these under u all over 90 ships The Chief of the Bureau of Public Lands,doubtedly "capital ships." fidding un "ccoopless" to whom a preference of the modern first class type are built, building could be given, end sering no prespect of selling or contemplated by foartoon Powers, large and the land in em parcels, proceeded to advertise small, representing an aggregate expenditure the estate for sale en bine. It was so widely in a few years, on the actual building of advertised int the first inquiry come from this type alone, of some 200 million sterling.

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-Developing and Printing Undertaken. Hongkong. 31st July, 1937

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THERAPION No.2

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THERAPION N03

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A TABLE OF THE

RATES OF EXCHANGE AT HONGKONG

FOR-

DEMAND DRAFTS ON BOMBAY On the Day Preceding the Departure of the English Mails from the Year of the Closing of the Indian Mints to the Free. Coinage of Silver ';

FROM 1899 TO 1905;

ALSO,

RATES FOR SOVEREIGNS, GOLD LEAF, BAR BILVER (From 1900), and other Useful Information

PRICE: $1 Caab.

On Sale at the "DAILY PRIS" Offes, or Local Booksellers.