1908-06-13 — Page 11

THE BRITISH ASLEEP

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JUNE 13rm, 1968.

of it without hyperbole? By common. Rent ]. it in recognised that the truth is often an. pleasant, and the truth here in even more than usually nangdate. Yes I will state it.

[By Edward Noble in the Morning Post.].

The conditions of service in the British Mar For au Island Natkn to stand with folded hands while bor maanfacturers are being cantile Marine are much that no self-respecting strangled by foreign competition is, perhaps, as or boy will continue in it. That is my explicable, although no one would call it wise; statement, and lost it should be supposed that I am alone in my bellef I quote the former Pre- but that an Island. Nation which is unable to feed herself should take the same attitude while mident of the Board of Trade, who in the House the Merchant Navy which feeds her is slowly of Commons en May 23, 1906, spoke these words: driven from the face of the sea is so astonishing My own curprise is not that we have not a that it can only be put down to ignorance of the sufficient number of sailors, but that we have tras position, Yet what do we see? It is a 150,000 Britishers who go to ses under smok thorny subject, but I will try to put is mainly t, cousing as it does. from one who was then at conditions a prevail at present." That, I take Not very long ago a daily paper published en appeal from the Lord Mayor of Liverpool for the head of this great industry, may be regarded fands to enable a cerisin Committee to continue es uncquivocal; yet I venture to quoto one more the work of training boya for the British extract, this time from a letter from Mr. H. A. Merchant Bervise-nd on another page there Livermore, the secretary to the Missions to appeared note showing Herr Ballin; the Seaman. He is speaking of the boys who go to sea, the future offoerd and commanders of our managing director the Hamburg-Amerika Line, diplomatically escaping from the copse. Mercantile Marine," Those lads," he tells us, "generally come from good homes, while very quences of statement which he was reported to have made. In discuing the relative strength many are the sons of professional men; but of the British and German Mercantile Marines the conditions under which they too often Herr Ballin declared that the overwhelming re and work on board ship aro such superiority" of the former existed only on paper.

88 Uis majority of self-respecting working "The British Moranțile Marine,

class inds in this country would not he said, "numbera compararely few first-olase pasa-

endure for a single day. Cooped up for three, enger ships, and condets for the most part of four, or even five months at a time, in the

discomfort, dirt, and evil surroundings of second-rate trampe, constructed of the cheapest

modern sailing ship, these young gentlemen material, and capable of staming only at the

when they reach port ar only too ready to fall slowest

a prey to the landsharks, who hold out to them psed, Now I am not oncerned here with the

opportunities of pleasure, but who generally question of the number or equipment of our

end is robbing and ruining the poor lads That is the Indictment of one who has also bad exceptional means of coming at the truth, and I accept it in all-acerity. You will notice, too, that Mr. Livermore says "modern sailing ships," also that the ex-President of the Board of Trade anya" such conditions sa prevail at pressst," and I state bere definitely from my own knowledge that this state of things he been brought upon us by competition; a too boom yests; by the constant aft of cheapon keen competition by overbuilding during ing ships in order that they may still be able to compete with State-ailed foreigners; by the constant red notion of ocean freight charges; by Aghts between rival limea until it pays nearly s well to run ships empty as foll.

mail ships, nor with Germany's or England's claims to superiorily in this brauch of the servies, but I am caserned with the question of the second rate tramps constructed of the cheapest material and capable of steaming only at the lowest speed." Harr Dallin is reported

1.11

in aweating

POSITIVIAM.

There is a formula, applicable equally' to s belief in Ideas and to a bélief in matter, which expresses, as Auguste Comte uid, the most. absolute truth that there is, the consciousneer relative." Every that is, that everything one knows it, every one understands it; who has not uttered it once at least P. Yet the afirmation that "everything is relative" is, after all, of a positive nature. It is the ex pression of an affirmation, which is at all ovente nessary in order to be able to Bes into the heart of things, to make a start and those who have this expression on their tongues arrive at a conclusion. Undoubtedly, most of do not realise its scope, No one realises that this formats involves for us what the assumption of the existence of a God involved for the Deist, the Christian or the Musaufman. Yet it is so. This formals puta a final end to the Absolute. The spread of this formula is a sign of the times, and a striking proof that in fature Positivism will dominate humanity. In the religion of humanity it plays the same part as did the formale Christus regnat, Christus imperat," applied to Christ. It involves the ad- mission that we are merely simple observers and spectators of phenomena, which are independent of our will and subject to determinate laws of Nature. It involves this too, that we can get profit from this phenomena only by subordinat ing ourselves, to them, and that wo are not authorised to have recourse to prayer and application. These three words, everything in relative," which Comte did not invent, but to which he gave an entirely new signification, indicate that everything is changing in our methot of thinking, and that a now order of things will begin. In a certain mase, they are doguis, the corner-stone of the positivist accepted more or less faithfully by such as repeat them. It is a potent formals, but more potent still are the consequences; which it must of necessity develop in the heart and soul.

To relinquish the explanation of phenomena renunciation of all speculations concerning otherwise than through law, involves the initial and final causes. The result of this is wise resignation to what is inevitable, and this, so far from hampering human activity, rather ocnoentrates it on the only phenomens which are amenable to influence and should for that very reason form the real aim of human life.

Henos arises the'ides of a true Providence, A task of Humanity, which may be compared to Passal's "Man, who can live for ever and can never cease caring for the welfare of the unlimited line of his pratarity"

But Positivism embraces life in the sum total of its interests, therefore Comte hai summarized his ideas also on morals and society in the most The words "order and progress" which he gives as the motto of striking formulm. politics, point to the twofold.condition of all life, and development. They couple the statio with the dynamic, by pointing out that adjasting itself with greater and greater preoi- progress is only a further development of order, sion to the necessities of its environment. The conception meals with spirited oppsition from revolutionary minds, which believe that radios? and spontaneous changes can be produced in polities, à serious error, reduced to as absurdity through Comte's other formals that destruc tion is only replacement. The combination of these two expressions forms the best guide and rule of conduct for our relations with political life.

"Aot through love and thisk in order to set" is the formals in which Comte has sam med up the main conditions of all social and moral existence. It is most happily supple. manted by the expression live for Lay

Both expressions suggest for the life of a man an ideal, which has never been excelled in disting tion and nobility. It includes this within it, that the idea of Duty is to take precedence of that of Right, a thought of the highest social value, of which all educated pations

already possessed. The International,

to have withdrawn lo statement and to deny that he made use of the phrase. Woll-it is immaterial. A fact which is recognised by people conversant with the condition of our Mercantile Marino only requires to be denied is order to prove its truth. "It is acknowledged that. roughly, 80-por cont, of the British ship. ping comes

under the heading "Tramp tonnage."

e." And for the benefit of those who are abcertain I may say that a tramp is a species. of steamship which demo into existeros early

Germany and France, and other protected the Eighties, when fut our liners began to feel the weight of foreign competition. She has antrian in a lesser degree, have made for them. grown steadily larger, more unseaworthy, and selves facts while car shipowners have fought to carried faser hands ever since. She is a brand meet them by reducing expenses; by launching of ressel which has no definite trade, bat is on the sans things of the tramp braud, manned" ready to sail anywhere and out into the by three men in a watch carrying two floors" reights of the liners. She is built oheaply and harrying them night and day, in port and at She is run cheaply. She is a danger to weil sea, in the effort to make dividends for those ordered ships by the fact that she is ander shareholders who will clamour, England in her manned. In these faya she is manned almost trusting her sailors, and now that we are find to maintain her position has succeeded entirely by foreigners. She is a tramp, an Ishmael of these, and comes deservedly ing it difficult to man our ships with Britishors under the lash of Herr Ballin, bus she foods we are asked to put our hands in our pockets to the British people, and is owned by indi- perpetuate the evils so lucidly described by Herr

Ballin. viduals and dampens who must make her pay before the mast in Beam or sailing ship tramp if you can find an kinglishmen sailing That is the óbicot of her existence, the reason dom, sak him his opinion of the life. He will give why she was built, and if directora are unable to

with emballühmerta bordering on blasphemy, earn. dividends som uncomfortable truths or If yet sek his officer he will tell you be would not untruths are hurled at them at the ball-yearly send a dog to aas. He may give you his views of England is not fet and clothed and provided two afficer" ship, one of the "freak-brand" with cheap crockery because otherwise England that is patiently batting againat, eirenmatanges world starve and be very uncomfortable, but and the State-aided foreigner. He will explain; because it pays someone to feed and clothe and perhaps, how it feels to stand "watch std keep England warm. Shipping does not pay in watch which meas 15 hours on duty daily, these days, or perbays one shond say that this what it is like to tally cargo Sunday and all days compensations are marely considered adequate while in port, all right too if need be, and with. by those who invest in shipping, especially in out additional pay, what he is fit for when, the times when the risks are daily accumulating, carga discharged, he slimba to Montt Misery Once it was possiblelo amaan great fortunes and (the bridge) and resumes a duty known as yet ran ships with fairly lavish hand, but that navigation. Whether he is fit for it after time bas passed. Competition crose. Competi-perhaps 30 or 40 boars work at the sarge; what neighbour

statch of the three-hour

sleep? spatehcooked tion between Brilial owners-out-throat compe tition, the survivor of them left staggering. And between salt water baths provided gratis by the Isely there arrived the competition of State tramp be directa, is like-whether on turning sided foreigners, ustions who see in our lack of out he is inclined to laugh and hitch his on the eyetem an opportunity to gain for themselves trousers after the manner of tars

Ask him, too, whether it pays to Botze portion, all, if possible, of that ocean-borne stage.

be an officer, whether there is any pension at traffic which once edinittedly was ours

Mr. John Herron, the shipowner, has recently the end of things or only the streets and the House? If he be skipper ask him the same given evidence before the Departmental Com- mittee on the supply and training of British question-deus it pay? The man sarns perhaps boy seamen for Mercantile Marine. He tan pounds a month, perhaps twenty-anything considers that Government should subsidize the that lies between may be his salary, plus in some shipowners for currying and training boys coses a written agreement to haud to his manag. whom they do not want, on the ground fbating director all those perquisites sad commis sailing ships do not pay. Eighty per cent. of the companies owning sailing ships quote from the leading article in the Journal of Cem mercem are up to the neck in debt which they will never be able to clear off, and ju face of this it would be apply preposterous to insist upon boys being carried on such vessels without the payment to their owners of Bu adequate quid pro que." The aggrated quid que pro, as far as can gather, will at the country £45 per boy for the two frat you of training, while on the third year he would be la receipt of £1 per month less than auA.B.'s wages.** Sailing ship owners," says the same article, do not carry deck boys, nor do they want they want mer. Something like 33 per cant. of the boys engaged by Mr. J. W. Hughes," a Liverpool shipowner, leave at the end of eighteen months for shore employment à record of the sorvin of 43 lade shows that only three of them stayed more than a year." I am not surprised. Meanwhile we see appeals to philanthropic individuals for fanda to enable the men who are working herololly in this ungrateful task to carry on the homes and training establishments, some of them on shore and not on shipbard, which shall supply us with the necessary seamen. That is to say, philanthropy is used to take in hand the auty of training seamen for the Meronutile Marines duty the shipowner is no longer willing to carry af, because it does not pay. "In 1870," says Board of Trade shipping return for 1900, we had 18,303 apprentices. To-day we have only 5,617.” And, I may add, In 1906 the Board of Trade retur pots the number at 2,913 The actual figures for the period in question are as follows; 1870, 18,303; 1880, 14,667; 1990, 8,650; 1000, 5617; 1906, 2,934

22

them.

"Ingres

sions on which he is supposed to grow fat, on pain of instant dismissal. Ask this British, be he British, shipmaster his views on the jastics of those Board of Trade inquiries which sit in judgment upon him whether the upshot is penalty for the owner of the undermanned and cheaply-run tramp which has come to grief while he stood on her bridgs or persity for him; whether he would find it easy to climb once mers to command after his cartificate haa bien aus- pended, or whether he found it wise to say that inquiry, all that he knew of the disaster which bas ruined him. Ask the fluers of som of our "Jiners what it is like to sit at the houd of a table and chat with passengers and system atleally refuse those dishes which are mesat only for the passenger who smiles in his face, what would be the consequences for him if he forgot his position and indulged in his appetite

st

The thing stands too appallingly for what it is. It is no the sondition which was, but the condition which is, that annoys. Yet, if you have patience, ask those questions, and if this sailor is inclined to trust you, or you are one of the brotherhood, he will keep you pinned with the atory of the fall, of the competition which has brought it about, of the overbuilding, nod bounties which have reduced freights matil it would benefit the merchant in Liverpool to ship goods to London via New Tork rather than send them vis Crewe, Eighty per cent of British ships are tramps, scandalously bandi capped from the hour of their birth, hopelsadly inadequate to resist that combination of oircumstances" which at any moment they may most Bat they feeds bring us aloaks and hate and cradles and window-washes and roll-top deska-things, it appears, we ste too stupid to make; they bring us also cotton and wool and grain and beef. Sometimes they find the gek dificult. Sometimes that combin- atios of circumstandse against which s insures meets the tramp fall face, and she must stand there in the open auf take her dressing. Bometimes she is incompatent to take the dressing the hand of the sea has prepared. Competition has seen to that. Cheap freights have sen to it. Cheap crews, obeap filtiage, cheap material have rendered it plain to the man on the bridge what will happen now that this combiastion of circumstances "hea met him. Sometimes these steel tanks ATE

I have no desire to make more difonlt, the fask which has been placed before philanthropy to solve, but I ack plainly, Was it necesary forty years ago to solicit dexations to aid our Mercantile Marine? Has anyone ever heard that Green, or Wigram, or Doritt and Moore, or any of the old time shipowners found it necessary to refuse to train boys on the ground that their vesela did not pay, or that a bonus, the quid pro of the "Journal of Commerce," was demanded as an induosmont? Does France or does Germany, our two chief competitors, And it essential Letheir industry to appeal to in. Sometimes the cargo shifts, despits-your- philanthropio perons for aid in this matter? ordered array of shifting boards. Sometime the To anyone who knows the condition of batabes are store, sometimes the plates. The the Bests of our rivals the szaver is plain- the ships lie down, throw up their heels, and we say neonssity does notaxist. Why is it that Ger- they are "missing." On this subject I speak many can make noh records with her Cape with bared bead, The list is long. Sometimes Horn feet of soiling ships, tila England only it is heavy, sometimes it is light; bat it is always present, staring those who have eyes to 150. auocards in ruang a bad second because Britishers are getting as fabby as the T accept that statement of Her Ballin's, whether tanks in which ting sail, or is it because the he made it or not. Eighty per cent, of British German ship is well built and well manned ships are tramps, and life in a tramp is servitule. and the British isinefloient Que has heard, Cut at the heart of this evil. Recognise the Lisa sweated industry: an industry too, that the German can make a dividend for position,

f it

his owners, bat authoritatively we are told which seems to be going the way of other indus- that 80 per cent of British sailing ships are tries, of agriculture-on industry which pro- up to their ned in debt, which they will sently may be lost to the British people, who, never be able to clear off. Is it now time when they came into possession of it, found it that we looked at this thing straight and spoke strong and virile.

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APPLICATIONS AT PROMINENT BARBER SHOPS

2

HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S SHIPS IN THE CHINA SQUADRON.

Alacrity, despatch-host, 700 tons, 10 guns, 3000 hp., Coude. C. T. Fallor, Japan Antrata, 2ad olase ertiser 4360 tons. 10 gan), 7000 h.p., Captain F. E. C. Ryan, en route Weibaiwei

Bedford, British oruiser, Capt. 8. E. Erskine,

R.N.. Japan

Bramble, gunboat, 710 tons, 900 3.h.p. Clout.

Comdr. Hon, É, O. D, Bridgeman, on routo Hongkong

Britomart, gunboat, 710 tons, 900 hp., Lieut..

Comdr, F. B. Noble, Hongkong

Cadmus, British sloop, 1070 tons, Comdr. B. I

Majandio, Shanghai

Clia, British sloop, 1070 tons, Comdr. C. D.

B. Baikea, Japan

Fame, torpato-bpat destroyer, 310 tons, 6 5700 hp Lieut.Comdr. Greason, Уврах

Flora, Zid class orniger, 4300 tons, 10 gaur,

7000 h.p., Capt. Roland Nagent, Hong

kong

Handy, torpedo-boat destroyer 295 tons, 6 guns, 4000 h.p., Lient. Comdr. W. H. Darwall Japan

Harty torpedo-boat destroyer, 295 tons, G guns, 400 hp., Lieut.-Comdr. G. C. Dickens, Shanghai

Janus, torpedo-bost destroyer, 320 tons, 6 guns,

39000..P

Lt. Comdr. C. A. Freemantle,

Japan

Kent, armoured, 9800, tons, 14 gans, 22000 h.p. Capt. 6.-C. A. Marescaux, Japan King Alfred, British craiser, Flag ship of Vice Admiral the Hon. Sir Redworth Lambton, Cofumauder in Chief, 14100 tons, Capt, L. Clinton, Baker, Japan Kinaha, tiver gunboat, 616 tonn, Lieut.-Comtr.

Sidney, H. Tennyson, Yangtze Merlin, surveying ship, 1090, tous, 6 guns, 1400 i.bp. Comdr F. H. Walter, Jersation Monmouth, craiser, 800 tons, Capt. G. W

Smith, Hongkong

Moorhen, rivek gaztea, 180 tons, 2 gune

Ligut Coudr, C. G..Walcott, West River Nightingale iver gunboat, 85 tons, 40 bp,

Liostromdr. R. S. Roy, R.N., Shanghai Otter: torpedo-hoat destroyer,

6300 fb.p., Paid offer 35 tons, & guns; Robin, river gunboat, 35 tons, 2 guas, 240 h.p.

Lieut. Comdr. J. White, West River Sandpiper, river guabout, 85 tons,

Bane,. 240. hp, Licut, Comdr. H. R. Fiskell, Long- kong

Snipe, river gun-boat, 85 tone, 2 guns 240 h.p.

Liant-Comdr. Alan Dixon, Tangiere

Taku, torpedo best destroyer, Boon, Strath,

Hongkong

Tamar, receiving ship, 4600 tone guns,

Commodore Stokes, Hongkong

Teal, river gunboat 180 tona, 2 guns, Lieut.

Comdr, H. H. Godfrey, Yangisze Thistle, gunboat, 710 tons, 900 h, Lieut."

Comdr. H. T. All sy, Shangbai

Virago, torpedo-bont-destroyer, 395 tons, 8 guns, 6,500 i.h.p. Lieut Com dr. StevODBOR, Japan

Waterwitch, surveying ship, 620 tons, 4501.h.p. Lient-Comdr. H. P. Dongina, Port Swet- ~tenbum

Whiting, torpedo-bost destroyer, 360 teas, 5 gane, 5,000 b... Lient. Comdr. J. Kiddle, Hongkong

Widgeon, gunboat 195, tons, 2 guns, 800 h.p."

Lt-Comdr. John F. Knox, Yangtate Woodoook, ganboat, 150 tons, 2 gung, 550 hp. Lieat Comdr. E, R. V. Cottrell Dormer, Tongtaze

Woodlark ganboat, 150 tons, 2 guns, 550 h.p.,

Lieut-Cords. C. R Livingstone, Yangtaze

##

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BOUND

ON SALE.

OUND VOLUMES of the HONGKONG WEEKLY PRESS, July to December 1907, With INDEX. Price $7.30.

On sale at the "Hongkong DAILY PRESS Ofee,

Hongkong 26th February 1987

IMADAME THEKA

334-B