1908-01-18 — Page 9

MOSQUITOS AND EMPIRES.

When the learned Gibbon wrote his immortal work, "The Decline and Freud the Roman Empire," he neverdient of it cluding smorgat the contributory causs of that great historical phenomenor, the action of the mosquitos of the marshes of the Campigns in divemining mal curial,terum throughest the Roman population Scd so sapping their mergies and vitality. Bat a writer of to-day, Er, W. H. 8. Jones, as

written a book оп

*Malaria "vices tenor only knew from a view in the Pioneer, wl iob, by reference to texts in the classics, he proceeds to prove that the decadence of Athens

and Rome was due to no other cause whatever than the prevalence of malarious fever. We do not have his arguments or his data for these before me, but the opinion of his orilio is a estimony

to the Ingoal fores all which Le had presented his precises and moved to his conclusions, The Pioneer notice says:—

Let it not be supposed that the suthor writes 1 an enthusiast, or on who is ready to wrest a citation into an argument in his own favour. On the contrary, his method is gernpaicualy scientific and caution. Where there is the haat doub, Mr. Jonas resolutely lets the case go sgainst hing He feels that his contention is much too strong to squire cubtful backing. He proves that as mental, moral and physical decay show the malver, mention of the mistakeable symptoms of recurrent fever auch #splenomegaly super in the rature. His argament, which we most of in fires to its comulative effect onnot be ammatised, Indeed it would be impossible fo11esent it in briefer or fewer words than his oOND.-

As Major Fonald Rose has snerted, "if we can only eliminate the morgnita, life in the tropies can be as healthy as in the older climates." The generalisation is perhaps, rather too sweep

conditions

be

Buti

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 18TH, 1908,

THE DOOM OF KARATAGH.

themselves, sad will they, at our bidding, taks ] ́ A little further down the road is the gambling the comparative step required to rid them of the farm, No Malays enter there. The Chinaman poison that runs in their own and their children's may spoil the Chinamso, but not the Malay. We knew tint humourists have scoffed- But, truth to tall, that worry work has been done

EARTHQUAKE "KILLEN 12,000. veins P at the Bengal's lack of courage. The Pioneer already. The Chiusman has entered into the The following graphic account of the great has more than once shown that Bongalis can land to posses it. This plantations and paddy earthquake in Euratagh, from Tashkent be as devoted is self sacrificing, as heroic as any fields are passing to him, and with every fresh correspondent specially dispatched to the scene he writes off to his native of the disaster, was published at St. Petersbarg other people. The instinct is there as in other accession of property sons of Adam. But we have a whole ree village in Chins for more and more Chinamen

It is difficult to describs the scenes which met the eye in the Karatagh of to-day. What perennially diseased, and so socastomed to tasir to come and work on the land.

Never d the Chinaman lave sa easter combat a short while ago was a rishing township lady as to be unaware of their state. Let us hope that some of them at Joast will read Mr. quest. For all the world, he is pitling bis skill is now the grave of four thousand dead-such is Jones's learned and thoughtful little book, and against the simple trust of children. Further the catastrophe in a nutshell. will consider seriously whether something could mere, he loves work and money for money's not be dose to make Bengal as healthy as the sake. The Malay loathes work, and only desires Isthmus of Paname, once the home of yellow to live like a gentleman and be happy. This fever, has become since the Amerionus waged, Malay is a poot withoutpoetry, a devout ma who war on the deadly do quite.—Singapore Bree learns the Koran by heart, without understand Frees.

ing the Arabic tongue in which it is recited. Even bis rçade-jast like bis life-lead nowhere,

A NATION OF LOVE-MAKERS.

4

[By G. E. Raine in the Pall Mall Gazeit:} with-except by Sir Frank eretton him and

The Malay, in fiction, Las been cruelly dealt Mr. Hugh Clifford. They have sailed with him shot with him, hunted with lim, and have boss alone with him in the great waste places. The Sout of Man comes from the Hand of God, and in the lone forests where. G.cd. morts amongst the trees, the Soul is uncovered before the Shrine. Here in Loscou, I have many krises, and some of them, if the truth must be told, On one of them, indeet are decdants the stain of human blood shows dearly. New again, when every wind blows cold and fog alls the sky, I look lovingly upon these krista. What is their story but the life of a people a gallant life, a passionate life, too, if you will; but even where the red blood has flowed, it is the life of gentlemen! And, after all, the Sun is somewhat to blame for

great these misbarces. The morals of the Melay would make a panic in Suburbin, bat the manners of the Malay are always exquisite.

az d

WOROD

stands a few yards in front of me silhouettes The trem pols cesses, and a young, Malay ageixat the water and the sky. A the gare 87aceful and well-knit-clad in loose baju and rustling sareng. From the cffing comes the suller, en plash of care, and the finely cut face is lured to the water. A little cap is tilted rakishly at the back of his head, and the Then cue sees that the ad carries a swagger hock of black hair pictures & son of Sisis stick, and so, we may be sure that it is Leva that he is voyaging to soross the water. Of this, too, we may be certain he will weo with fins phrase and a bewitching ecurlliness, and those great bright yes of his will de most of the pleading.

and stop short at the jangle edge,

With this people a little kindness brlogs the eager tow of a child's thanks; and tears come quickly, starting from great white wondering eyes. Pain is a mystery to them, and Death is part of the night. In the olearing of the show clear. On each there is a tiny wooden jungles there are little graves whose mounds nign. For the sona it is of one shape, for the daughters, of another. No name is there. In the hearts of the living the dead live on. And Death being of the might, it is in darkness that spirits are freed; so when the Sun has sunk, these child folk walk hard-in-band out of fear for the Bata:

Even now, while I am writing, in far-away Johore the light in the sky is dying. Gallant Malay lads are passing along the road, Trom pab,

Trompah-they live for love and sunsets. Kisses with them are not to be weighed against silver, nor estates against the tres nres of the heart. Can it really be that there is no room left in all this wide, wide world for race of dreamers and wondrous wistful lovers ?.

WILL ADAMS.

The hardships the little fiest passed through were not perbapa more numerous than those encountered by many other trading expeditions in those days, but they make adventurous reading. They were scattered again and again by storms; they were attacked by Spaniards, and their rews decimated by fighting and

coped tack. But the Charity atagglid on, disease. One vessel disappeared from the and was never heard of spain. Others and after two years' laffetting, with a slaved and dwindled crew, all dick and many at death a door. they sighted Japan on April 19, 1601. It is often said that Jayan was not discovered

a

"But the scenes, which ascompanied the catastrophe are even more difficult, of adequate. decription. A group of survivors, still shaken by their 1ste experiences, related the terrible story to me, and to written narrative can do jentice to their narration.

terrific storm broke over Karatagh and its "On the eve of the disaster, October. 20, a

suricons, a storm so violent that it struck deadly fear into the hearts of the inhabitants. Seme

supernatural manifestation seemed im- minent, and the animal world seemed to have a unosnny forsknowledge of what was to valtle towed in fright. come dogs howled, horses stampeded, and the

In the early hours of the morning the whole town seemed to shudder. Earth tremors, how ever, are of frequent occurrence in this region, and few of the townsfolk were sufficiently disturbed to leave their houses.

"Fifteen minutes later a tervitio shock set the entire place, swaying, the air resounding with weired noises. Then the town seemed to be repeatedly lifted high in the air and ses down heavily by mighty hands, the buildings, every where orambling and crashing to ruins within

moment or two.

In scores of places the ground burst open, and boiling water spouted upwards. Huge fragments of rock became dislodged up among.

the surrounding mountaing, and added the thunder of their fall to the noise of the sub- terranean rearing and ramblings, which ▷li thís time were continning. Numberons houses were battered down by the falling rocks, while others, with their occupants, sauk bodily into the great earth fissures.

The storm had come on again with renewed

foros, and veritable pandemonium reigned. Maddened animals tors aimlessly hither and thither, continous peals of thunder and blinding lightving adding to their frenzy, and many fugitives perished under their hoofs,

Soenes similar to this were, in the mesa time, being encased in the surroan ling country, twelve large villages being destroyed in this

are awful morning.

Bo died, in all, some twelve thousand persons. In Karatagh alone two thousand bodies have been recovered, and it is believed that an equal amber still remain beneath the ruins of the

tre thousand animals, according to a rough 1.200 houses which were wrecked. Twenty. estimats, were killed, though the official report gives a lower figure.”

OLD VAT

for there are other physical disabilition jog. connected with tropimi residenes than those implied in Inoculation with mastia by the micsquite. But it cours so muck of the truth that it may be allowed to sind as a dinium How powerful an enemy to human activity and the Ban-and the Ber. The Sea lays its spell on The great wonders of God in the East are the execution of hamsa plane se try a thing the soul of the White Man only. He alone has In the history of the pioneers of discovery The populace, or saoh of them as had this insignificant insect, multiplied by its infinite crossed it, and knows the other side. For him, and commerce there are po more romantic eroaped instant death, sppeared to be mad with myriads may prove, is well demonstrated by the chequered story of the Panama Canal, su this it is a stretch of grey water bearing between pages than those devoted to Will Adams, terror. From every side arose awful shrieks, and those who fled into safely bad, for their own two worlds. The Sun is the natives' Över-Leid. | " the frat Englishman to set foot in Japan. reference convincingly shows:-"We all know His life is toll to the BuD. the history of the Finema Canal, what ruin death, love and longing are all of them Suu-gifle much as Columbus found America,

Weariness, pain, This Elizabethan reaman, who found Japan rakes, to blind their eyes to many ghostly

was sighin, the failure

of the project wroughtIf the Sun be merciful to hima-all is well. Al baried on a hill overlooking the sea near French finance; how it led to the downfall that (grant Sup! Its rovereignty is boundless Yokosuka, and the ranges of time and vege- Governments the lost reputation Even the birds on the junglefringe are enslaved tation gradually obliterated the grave. Some of the greatest of French engineers, What foiled Ferdinand Lesseps was yellow by it into silence at midday, and the wild life in thirty years since it was discovered and re- stored, and the Japan Sociely now propose fever, and yellow fever, which slow 50,000 the forest seeks the deeper shade.

Yot this great Eno, if you plorse, is never to maintain it for all time, and to have for labourers, was due to the Blegomys mosquito.:{ Since France failed, the American Republic onderful as in the setting. Thron, the its custodian some old soldier: or seaman of has taken ap the work of digging the car along hours of the day he is enthroned in ligh the Mikado's service. Men of Kent and It has been fortunaten the growth of scientific tale, and looks down on the slow moving Kentish men should support this movement, knowledge. The American authorities began Peoples who yield him obenance, and just as for Will Adams as one of the distinguished carlet in the colour beloved of Eastern-3005 of Kent. He was born at Gillingham; by waging war againn ancpheles and Slekoma potentater, zo is scarlet his own regal livery, the Stallone or Harborowe of the Navie morquites. The resul has been surprising. In

Lambarde calle it. He was 1946, sxiong 5,000 Americas en The inima When his day's work is over, he flings aside-Royall, the annual mortality was only 7 per 1,000, and that sealet manils of bis, and his subjects therefore bred to an atmosphery of the wes only 3.8 of bis was due to a star. If ever it and unfurling, until it drops behind the ass and he served his apprenticeship in the yard of

watob it as it falls across the sky-furling familiar from his earliest days with ships was true that peses bitk her victories, this was Thus does this drimetin Fan-tha life-and

one Nicholas Digginer, et Limehouse, a ship- s care of the triumphant of science over death lord of the East-only sink into his master. He seems to have began his apprentice wemingly cluebing

ship at the age of 1 weire, and to have been with In addition to the above great example it och after he bas outwizarded the wizards.

Then, the greater glory past, the Heavens are Diggines till he was twenty-four, when he should not be forgotta that in the districts of the Roman Campegia itself very flooded with gentlar colours Here a splash of weas to sea in a ship of the Company of successful operations tave been aged against ander sore and there sefiren and lavender al Barbary Morobents. For a time also, probably malaris by keeping the anopheles at bay. show, only to die away before the ghostliks during the year of the Armada, he was master Ismailia on the Sn: Ornal, which used to

grey. And at the me moment, from some of one of the Queen's skipa," and then he joined regular death trap for its unfortunate restent heard the trom-pa trom-pah-the round of Indis. He made several journeys to the East whero in the swift-gathering darkness, may be a company of Dutch merebants, trading with has beer me free from malaria owing to effective worden shoes on the road; and with a breath, for them, and in 1598 started out as commodore prophylactic action against the fever-bearing if you plesse, the light is dead, and a thousand of a fleet of five ships from Rotterdam. Will mosquite. And nearet hand, in the Federated Maler States. the admirable results that have bright-eyed stars glance curiously through the Adams's own ship was the Charity,' of 180

night to me who

tons, and it was the only one that won thrʊagh followed the extirpation of the mosquito st Klang bave provided ore of the most telling

to the end of that eventful voyage. svidences of the effroy of his anti-anopheles pelicy in beping down malari. Mr. Jones points out that malas, where it does not kill if altogether, riduce the diet see resisting power of the populations subject continuously to the rersgea of malaria. Some diseases by weeding cut the the aged, may be considered to contribute to weak the ziling ensuring the vitality of the vivota. malaria, through its propagater the mosquite, is not in the least discriminating in its attack As-has been well said "it is hideouely impart ial in its malevolence and it attacks the young s well as the old, the strong and the feeble and even where it does not shy outright it

Johore is our Naboth's vineyard in the Malay leaves the victim weakened and helpless." As

farther result, by kwering physical energy, Archipelago. A trist of fine free country of malaria begete indelerce of mind and lassitude jungle and mountain, it is wedged in between of bedy' and or mequently lowere the whole the lands of our King. A time will come, sup moral tone of the races that are so placed es Beard no more, and I for one will sorrow Dyer when the Jobore pational anthem will be to be continuously subject to the incidence of

In Johore the Malay is at his best. Hs malaris. And as a type of such a reca may lives his own life in his own way. He bas bis bs instanced 1Le Bengalf of Lower Bengal, of the Gangetic delte, with its waterlogged soil, its innovereign and his ancient laws. And anmerabis creeks and watercontas, its marshes and moroster, just the ideal breeding ground of all waterborne insest life which furishes, there in that illimitable profusion that only Nature knows how to reduce in a favouring environ. ment. The critic of Mr. Jones's book has the extremely interesting observations is to the possibilities of aiding the Bengali race to and stars, depose the Data and the rest, thers of a natio al hero. The Emperor declined to higher physique and morele by the aid Enthusiastic civil servants will seek to ex body created Prince, though he had a wife still living will be but little left except annets. let him return to England, and the newly- systematised anti-malaria hygiene. In short, to rescue them from that physical decadence something of the Ta patat "in a code, and the in Gillingbam, sought a partner for bis Japanese home. He fell a vidim to the charms of that contributed to the downfall of ancient and will be at hand. Greece and Rome, and to resture, to them i Every al should have its dioerland, and Prinoces Mary, who was a kinawoman by mar Jokere la mine. It is a legendary country. A risge to the Mikado, so it would appear that #rewed vigour that shall reflect itself in the reinforced vitality and stimulated boislese: gy golden lard of faner, with flowering trees and vaulting ambition was among the foolings of of a sace which at present displays these suplit atsume, with pathless forests and un- this Will Adams, as of ble my thiasi namesake, the qualities at a regretably low hb. We give trodden lille. Johor has a Salten of fabled bera of Waterloo. Princess Mary, according strengths wonderful figure of a man-not to tradition, was originally betrothed to the there parogen firm the foncer notice

in might like a Malay, but towering and antialle. Heir Apparent, though the ramen for the vigorous criticism the "Times"

of Mr. Omen's recent book

A strange blend of two worlds in this Sultan. abandonments of the match is not et ted. seid lard things about De

Renos!

In the scales of bis isncy be holds East and Possibly the found the intrepid Gillingham Wrol, and wrights them first, as the open asiler a more satisfactory lover, or reasona of It spoke to a censer and a satirist. Mr. Jones

and then on the other to bis pleasure, Out of State may have diotated the change. In any ake.tle kinder attitude of the

ID would bid us pathologist. We all know that the various this recilation le has fazhioned Jehore Bahru case, her later chalos mit with the Emperor's

to his liling. There, within hearing of the approval, and they were married, forms of Hinduim a subtly clis atio. In the drier and healthier xgious, we have the pure It stands for the rich man's attempt to take the retined the friendship of the Emperor to the recited Koran, he has built a wonderful hotel. They lived very happily together, and Adams if gentimental cult of Rams Chundas and Sits. It is in the most malarious regions of Weat home with him to the East. And nov day of his death in 1612. fter his death it Eastern Bengal and Aseam that we have and again, when Lir mind turns Weetward, it it was discovered that he had been aware that the religion of necromaney, of chaims and pleases him to entertain there. And many times his first wife was still alive, and he divided his spelle, of Tantric sites, which remind the bored nye, very easily might one trick onsself leaving his estate in Japan to the elder of his have I sat with him at feast. Then, with wealth equally between the sorroring s widows, scholar so vividly of the pactices which characterised the ceny of the Roman Empire into the belief that the Ben no longer divided two sons by the second marriage. And a chroni Hitberto qe have thought of the groeser In that marble building, brilliany lighted by cler records & few years later: "The master of an superstitions and the attendant laxities of electricity, with the temperature almost English English sip gave me to understand that conduct as a sort of mental derse, a lesion thanks to electric faus--with English voices Mistress Adams died of grief for the death of of the tribal oczscience and wil. It may be within hearing (and the Sultan bimself talks in her husband, with as much love as it he bad that the working on is

produced by a French chef, the illusion is almost the lady. The Princess Mary was buried convincing. And patside in the quadrangle the beside Will Adams, and her grave, with that of

2

1

by

THIS VAT, WAS STARTED BY THE LATE ROBERT THORNE OF GREENOCK AND HAS BEEN SOLD AS N' » SINCE IAJI

Adams, for, se in the ones of Columbus SCOTCH WHISKY. and Americs, it was there all the time, and others had been there before. Adams's claim, however, to be the first Englishmen to establish himself in the Land of the Rising Sun must be

of the noble island of Giapon" by Willes in needed. In Hakluyte we find a description

1565, which aorords largely with the accounts written by our river. Adama was treated among the Japaarse with great kindness. The bigher then any Stale-given law is one of Emperor Iyeyasu engaged him as a tator, to "learn him some pinta of geometry and own making. Tapatutis is not seem ly"

there you have the unwritten law of the understanding of the art of mathematics." kampong at once the convention of love and of Ho was given an estate, made architect of the fighting, of sport and of toil. If we mould fleet of Japan, and inter gained a title. Jchore to the Empire pattern, strip this gallant little State of its character take away Saltas

There.isonly one respect in which the story of Will Adams in Japan can be held to be unworthy

of mind and body that folly the debility our tongue finely), and with European dishe never left her," which was really very noble of

#

In palndinces fever, Major Rozs las proved more than oro that, if dhe precrations Le taken, life in the tropics may be every bit ne halby ze in the fickle and frequently disagreeable climate of Europe. May it rot be possible to restore the weaker races of Inds to physiol and mealsl rigour ? It was a imons Bengali author, Hird of the Hindu, who said that the true fanstion of British rule was to track his people practical wisdom anda due regard to facts. We Lare not been Very 100veisful, and the modern Bengali seems to have grown tired of our teach ing. Mr. Jones would probably my that he is got surprised. He would no doubt argue that our true task is to iglt and destroy the malaria that is robbing the people of Bengal of their vitality. It is one that would require no enor mone expeace of worry or effert, Bat can wo put Leart and Lepe into the mind of the peopl

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