1907-06-15 — Page 9

THE MARKETS OF BRITISH

COLONIES.

BY JOHN HOLT FCHOOLING.

{}.—TH MANKETS - |·

NEW ZEALAND, CEYLON. WEST INDIES, NATAL, MAURITIUS, &C.

The five teading markets of British Colonies und Possessions baro been dealt with in the Brel part of this article. And in each market the course of trade during 1880-1905 lue bean a large fall in the relative position of the United Kingdom as a seller in these five leading markets. New Zealand ranks sixth in importance us a We have to see what has been buying country. the course of trade se regards the United Kingdom's position as a seller in New Zealand relatively to the position as sellers in New Zea

TABLE VIII.

IMPORTS INTO NATAL FROM ALL COUN

TRICS AND FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM, 1880-1905.

Yourly Averages during each Deoscie

Tast. Imperta Imports

Decade.

1883-1892 1894-1893 1895-1894 18NG-1895 1887-1896

Percentage

from all from United Countries. Kingdom.

Proportion

A.

B.

of B to A

Million £

Million S

Por cont.

180-1889 1881-1890

244

121

80.7

246

1.94

79.9

1882-1891

2+3

2:16

79-8

2-73

79+%

0.01

78-7

3.03

783

2:46

257

1868 1897 1889.1898 1890-1899 1891-1900

3-76

2:80

744

4:01

0.03

4.23

F45

3-10

INDE-191 310 1893.19-2

68:3

409

614

470

02:0

个

3:26

614

D-10

5.20

large Rike.

A large Rige.

1--7

A large Fall.

lund of the other countries that supply Now | 1894-193 Zentand's markets.

TABLE VI.

IMPORT INTO NEW

ZELAND FROM ALL COUNTRIES AND FROM THE UNITED KING

DOM, 188-1905,

Yearly Averages during each Deende.

Import Imperts from

Decade. from All

الالمانية التجارية

Voited

Kingdom

B.

'Tost, Percentage Proportion

ot B to A Million C

Per cont. 644

:

65.4

461

#64

א 16

Countries.

A.

Million

7-08

465

1891-1890

2017

4.62

1882-1901

6.97

1839-1892

681

478

TRR-1-1993

6.7

415

1885-1994

435

1886-1-95 651

423

1887-1996

+54

4-25

6.78

1888-1897

4-37

650

#889-189

1:52

65-0

1890-1998

740

4-665

1891-1900

24.

4-88

1892-1901 8:17 1893-1802 1894-1903 9:20

14

x81

5:34

TRUS-1904

484

6:05

647 639 B2-9 62/1 14 615

18404-1915

F0-59

$13

Course

A large

A Rise.

Rise,

of Trale.

$-95

A Fall

• Including bullion and species. As we approach the smuller Colonial markets

we shall find that the United Kingdom has lost less position as a seller than in the big markets shown in Part I, of this article. It may be that our trade rivals who also suppy British Colonial markets have been giving more of their attention te gaining molling-power in the big markets than in the smaller markets.

For example, the less position by us in Now Zealand (see the last culum of Teile VL) is a auch smaller logs than has cecurred in any of the bigger werkete--British

India,

348

1895-1904 1896.100G Course of Trade i

*fuding bullion and spatie, art net including got inported overland for shipment from Naud. Including goods in transit for the interior.

increase in Hers is a market where an purchases from the United Kingdom has been accompanied by

mich larger increase in purchases from countries other than the Caitei Kingdom, with the result that we bare lost much of our former position as a seller in the markets of Natal (See Table VIII.)

During the Brat decade wo supplied Natal with £5 per £100 of Natai's purebases. But during the last decade our alarm had fallen to 260.7 per £180. The fall in our position ay a seller in Natal's markets has been large and continuous. (See the last colnap of Table VIII)

Mauritius comes next, ranked as a buyer. We have slightly improved ear position during 18 1905. The cemes British Guiana, where a fall in the actual pureberes frora us has not been accompanied by any loss of oar position as a veller relatively to other zellers, because British Guiana's purchases from All Countries have falley.

Laat on my list is Newfoundland, which ranks twelfth as a buying country of all the British Celonies and Possessions dealt with in Part I. and II. of this articls.

TABLE 1X

IMPORTS INTO XEWFOUNDLAND FROM AI

OUNTRIES AND FROM THE UNITED KING- no. 1880-1905

Yesely Average during each Decosle.

Importe TENT. Imports from all from United Percentage Countries. Kingdom. Proportion.

A.

B. of B to A Million Million

37 +55

Decade.

1887-1890

Million L 1-19

1:48

+34

36 7

1:49

-

38.6

..

1-4

62

358

11

-51

358

1-3

-49

35.5

1.38

-48

33-7

34.7

189

48

34.9

1:34

33:4

-1-33

324

135

136

*י1

2-A 318

1880-1889 1881-1890 1882-1991 Anstrulie 13-J×92 Canada, the Straits Saltlements, the Cape cf 1884-1893 flood Hope. During the first decade we supplied 1885-1804 New Zealand with 2644 per £100 of New 1886-189) Daring 1889-1897 Zealand's purchases from all sources. the last decade our stare bad fallen. £61.3 per 1889-1898 1890-1899 £100 The full ja our share has been con

1892-1901 Linnuus since the decade 1885-1892, but it is a 1891-1930

we have

1693-1902 much smaller loss of pesition than

1-91-1903 incurred in the big markets.

In November, 1903, the New Zealand Legisla. 1895-1904

amali

A small ture passed a Bill instituting Preferentisi Trade 1896-1935

A Fall Fall. with the British Empire and gating praferen. Course of 3 A

Trade Rise. tial rates of Customs duty to the United King-

including imprts into Labrador. Including The dollar has been con- dom. This was a spontaneous concession by ballion and specie. New Zealand, granted as a proof of the desireverted into at the rate of 45, 2d. per dollar

during the years 188-1905. of the people of New Zealand to promote the during the years 1380-1888, and at 42, 1 1-3). strength and solidarity of the Empire. Our response is chilling.

We have the disadvantage of looking at this maller of Ireferentiel Trade with British Colonice from a parrow, ingular point of view: from a point of view that cannot see beyond the dogmas of the Cobden Club, nor beyond the coast-line of these small islands in a northern That may be an ezense for those persons in this country who are opposing the principle of Proferential Trade with British Colonies.

sen.

But it must reom sorry exons to our Colonial visitors who are enabled to take a wide view of the necessities of the British Empire. Nor can we put all the blame for our shortsight upon the accident of our geographical insular position.

All these markets ara laing taken one by one in the order of their importance as buying couu- tries. And thus Ceylon comes next.

TABLE VII.

IMPORTS INTO CEYLON FROM AIL COUS- TKIES AND PROM THE UNITED KINGDOM, 78-0-1902.

Yearly Averages during each Decade,

Importe Imports frem all from United Percentage Countries. Kingdom. Proportion

A.

>of B, to A. Million t

Decade.

18

140

1-44 1-53

1.55 million 2 = £550,000,

310

29.R

288

28.7

Tu Newfoundland, Table IX., we have lost actual sales, ses Column B, and we have also lost position as a seller. Our share was £37 per £100 during the first decade, and £28.7 per

100 during the last decade.

For convenience I will now sum up the resnits

for all the twelve Britsh Colosion and Poser saious whose markets have been examined during the TABLE X period 1880-1905.

A RUMMARY OF THE LESULTS RELATING TO THE PHOPORTION OF IMPORTS INTO BRITISH COLORLES AND POBSESSIONS FROM THE UNITED KINGDJE, RELATIVELY TO IMPORTE FROM ALL COUNTRIES.

Cony or Possession

Percentage proportion of each Colony's Im- porta from the Unite Kingdom, relatively to me Colony ́s. lu porta from All Coun trim.

Berull

A Fa!! A kis

During Ituring

28850 1898-1965.

Per cent. Per cont.

TEXT.

British India Australia.....

75 ti

659

61-3

Canada

42)

247

Strails Settlemanis

904

10:5

B Million Percentage.

Cape of Good Hope

30.3

65.5 A Full

1880-1889 1881-1890 1882-19 1988-1602

1:08

27.5

New Zealand .....

644

613

A Fall A Fall Fall Fall

A Fall

4

1:08

276

Ceylon

275

404

1-12

277

Wost Indies

28.4 41--1

Natal

80.7

607

A Fall

4.11

1:13

275

Mauritius

238

1884 188

113

27:2

25.5 A Riss*

54.5

1585-1894

4:17

112

276

549 A Rise*

A Fall

1588-1805

430

1.15

268

119

26-7

TAM BENT

126

26T

196

1:39

26'6

1890-1899

28

140

1891-1908

1:49

26 6 265

1902-1901

582

136

214

1893-1902

617

166

26-9

1804-1903

6:50

176

27.1

1895-1904

#85

+3

26-**

1896-1905

715

183

Cource

of

18873896

1K89.1898

A Bise.. A Fall.

& Coati

Trade. Rise,

*Induning bullion and specis. The rupes has been converted into at rates varying from Is Ad. per rapse in 1880 ta is. 44. per ropée in 1905.

British Guiana.. Newfenrdlaud ...

379 +37 Observe that in the three small Colonies or from Possesions where the proportion of Imports! the Vaited Kingdom rose. the rise was trivial In most of the tune instanews:f a 597, the fall

ecnsiderable.

Why

Tabs X. contains the summary. It shows the shore of the United Kingdom in each of the iwelve markets. during the first decade and during the last decade. And the detailed tables already shown disclose the fact that in newly all markets where cut share fell the fall was contignons between the first-and the last decade. The United Kingdm has lost position as seller in all the larger Colonial markets, and it has slightly gained position in the three small markets of to West Indies, Mauritius, and British Guiano,

Morentur, and as isolion of the separate tables will show, especially in Part 1. of this article, our fall in position as a seller is a steady fall which contines.

In Ceylon, Table VII., another of the smaller markete, our loss of position is not large. Our trade rirals do not particularly want Ceylon's

The course of trade herein disclosed is based markets, and thus they allow us to retain much of our position as a seller. The fall in our share upon a broad fact-bare, and the regularity and was trivial: from £7.5 per 100 during the uniformity of the results give validity to the first decade to £26.4 per £100 during the last disclosures wede.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRES“, SATUR DAY, JUNE 15 ca, 1907.

less receptive of our goode and more and more receptive of the goods sent out by our trade rivala. That is the plain lesson taught by the facts which have here been examinod, quite apart from any mere sondemio opinion as to the advantages or disadvantages of Preferential Trade with British Colonies.

Shall we learn our plain lasson before it is too late!

JAPANESE EDUCATION

EXHIBITION

A inal paper says:—

In the ludiau Section of the Victoria and. Albert Museum (entrance in Imperial Instituta. road) there is now arranged a very interesting

of lestures exhibition, illustrating the course Japanese education about to be given to the Uni- versity of London by Baren Kikuchi. Nothing could be more timely then the opening of this dieplay at the moment of trines Enshimni's visit trac that there is nothing hero to Lonikes. It

that will cause much surprise; we have denged to be astonished at anything Japanche, after realizing in the late war the swift perfoelion with which that people had ussimilated and to tench mastered averything that the West had them. But what this exhibition shows is the patient, methodical way in which the whole people being taught the nuisersality of the syster, the scientific fashion in which the teach ing is graded, and the automatic manner in which on stage leads on to another, from kindergarten te high rohul. There the collection of illustra

or about that one cop- tious practically atops: we learn little about the Imperial University

the Eton or tioval school, the Noble School Harrow of Japan-bich receives the sons of the nobility and high officials, and trains them either for the University or for the position of naval and military officers and diplomate. But tho education system of the whole people, with there orceptions, is displayed rexy olearly, by photognphs of the buildings, of the children at work or play, or going through those physical and by exercises and drill which are unitereal, and sumples of their work, from the "script" and drawings of first-year boys and girls in the elementary schools to the English letters writters by the elder girls, the charming designs by pupila in the higher drawing classes, and the books which the elder alclars study.

The buildings, which are all of wood on count of the fear of earthquakes, are simple. dignith, sad spacious. Their equipment is mach the same as that of good schools in Europe and Americe, and the subjects taught are pretty mark the same, with some obvious exceptions. One foreign language is taught almost universally, and that language is English. Six hours in school is the weekly allowates in the middle schools for this, which is deemed by the Japanese authorities Lo be au absolutely indispensable subject. By the are of 5 or so boys and girls have generally learnt to write and speak oar language; and Nothing in core amusing that the begi

the older girls to their letters written by somne mistries and friends. Min "Adachi bas runs one of them, "in much pleasure,

invitation noceping Miss Tanaka's kind

fo

The

to the Keratoksi on Saturday evening, January, Sth, at fire 'clock"-the Karataki being & card-party, where a round game an acquaintance is played that demanis with all the best lyrical poetry of Japan drawings of even the youngest children show that the idea of the Engli balance is familiar and wry popular; for one of the favourite sub- jects of a "spontaneous" drawing is the Union Jack, either by itself or crossed with the Rising Sus. Another favourite subject for the children

draw,

when they are not to choose their own theme, is a battleship, or a fleet, or a sea-fight with a Russian vessel going down. But the old Japanese delight in exquisite anbjects is not dying out; and from the lowest ass to the highest wo find both boys and girls drawing delightful fruits and flowers,

old Japanera

weakness in drawing the buman birds and fshes, while they show also that the figure has not yet disappeared. One or two sets of books show bow profoundly the West affects the Japanese mind. A history beck, printed in illustrated with portraits Japanese characters, of Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth, Loyola, and Henri IV.; another has admirable mapa of Europe, of England, and of Australia.

This people, to whom the religious is happily unknown, difficulty morality to the your gest children by means of pictures, which hang round their class-rooms and are explained by their teachers. Indeed, the best

part of the first year is spent in wasler- in these pictures, with their descriptice titles, Be lively," "Don't tell a lie," "Take care of your body," "The Joys of Home," Sic. Whether then pictures have an effect that is nerer eradicated, or whether all Japanese boys. and girls are good by nature, it is a fact that punishments are scarcely ever required and that corporal punishment has for the last 23 years best absolutely forbidden. There is another thing besides the pictures that the children lay of 10 beert: it in the Emperor's proclamation 1860, which hangs in every school, and of which a copy with an English translation is hore shows. Purine learning and cultivate the Brte," says the Emperor, "and thereby develop

and moral intellectual faculties

powers. Farthermore advance the public good and pro- mate common interesta; always respect the Con- atitation and obey the laws; should enter gency are, offer yourselves courageously to the State and thus guard and maintain the pro pority of Our Imperial Throne, cooval with The Heaven and the Earth!"

JAPAN AND TURKEY.

in

fakeber

The efforts of Japan' to establish diplomatic relations with Turkey date back to the period pescading the Bug Japanese War, and were renewed later at different intervals. In Novem. her last year a fresh attempt was made during the presence in Constantinople of two Japanese

& tour of staff officers, who were occupied studios in Turkey, and one of whom sribae- quently proceeded to Bagdad. These officers were the bearers of a large number of Japanese. decorations for Turkish officials. It in stated in cficial circles that the pourparlers are still going on,

It is denied that any of the European Powers have opposed the establishment of a Japanese mission at Con tantinoplo, at least, officially or operly. Bat it la by no means improbable that certain Powers would find it in their in- terests to intrigue against the project. It is caly zocessary to recall the difficulties Mr. Leishman had to overcome to seonre recognition of his elevation as United States Ambassador. It is obvious that the presence of a Japanese diplomatic representative would naturally tend decade. The same thing is to be seen when so It is not possible to avoid the conclusion that to strengthen the position of the British Amus apply this method to the cords of the smaller the United Kingdom has been and is losing its ador, in view of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. probability might account for the foreign markets We have lost and are loting place as a zeler in the markets of British Tain'

The results point unfavourable attilate which has been bluted at position as a sellor in the big foreign markets of Colonies and Possessions. the world, but in some of the small foreign directly to the necessity for entering upon on the part of certain Paners.

The Turkish Government is disposed to view markets we are held our pace-in Spain, in Preferential Trade with British Colonies, if for

a's desire to opeu diplonialic Japan's Sweden, in the Argentine, in Norway.

no other reason than the retention of our very favourably Cobuial markets as selling-places for goods intercourse with Turkey, but for Japanese pretensions to the Capituations. In Turkish that leave the shores of the Tuited Kingdom.

I omit the table for the West Indies, which rank eight. We have tes maintained ar position as a seller. During the first decade our Man was £41.1 per £100, and during the last dresdle it was £414 per £100. And I go un with Natal.

Lacking such establishment of mutually pre-circles it is foll that the object of Japan is not ferantial trade between the United Kingdom so much to develop trading relations with and British Colonies, we must make up our Turkey, as political, having to do with Turkey's minde to find British Colonial markets less and position as neighbour to Russis.

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