1906-03-10 — Page 9

DEFENCE OF OCEAN TRADE.

TEST OF THE BRITISH ADMIRALTY'S SCHEMS.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, MARCH 10TH, 1906.

3. As soen 49 war threatens, an enemy's; vessels, in whatever sen they may be, will be "shadowed" in superior force, unobtrusively, but effectually.

Ships cannot move without cos), and we bold nearly all the oraling stations in the world, and France, our friend, if not our ally, has test of the ramrinder.

A scheme for the protection of British mor chant shipping, which bus been elaborated by the Admiralty, will be put upon its trial daring (bo grand manures of the present year, in which

5. As the size, and power, and cost of ships every British man-of-war will take part. It is confidently anticipated writes our Natalinon, sus the number available in foron Compundent, thus the unique and inobious navies for commerce destruction diminishes, character of the proposals of the naval authYear by us apart from torpedo craft in rities will feel to reassure the commercial world operations must cessarily be largely confined on the subject of the adequacy of the Flest to arrow waters. deets decrease mumerically. to guaraula fredom of movement for the mercantile marice, over while war is actually in progres, and thus enable stena vessels carrying food and raw material to this country, to ply

137 adopted by Great Britain, would with little risk. If exp tations are realised a

mean grievous damage, if not natiqnal starva- naval conflict in which Riis contry is involved

tion, and at whatever cost the Government of will be rubbed of sowo, at least, of its dange and the last will have been heard of the scheurs the day is bound to gouantee the freedom of In a far as security can be assured, the sonst. for establishing national granaries, since there will be no crannd for a rise in the price of fetalinio that this Admiralty's plans will

industries of the nation will to enabled meet all requirements-Daily Telegraph. Kreati to keep running, a British shipon ners will be

tin

.

u ne trangdution to transfer their vessels to a ertral fl

More that h.

world is Britis immed upon the magnitude. The pl however, will inch,

scheme on all the

reran abipping of the sequently the task Admiralty is one of gevat for this year's mencavras, completa trist of the rade routes. The en

gre..

The objection which the Admiralty must, of course, keep in viaw is the avoidance of the necessity of lying up merebant ships or withdrawing them from their trade, Snel

SEA TERMS IN COMMON USE.

Clean Bit of Health. A certified andrand by the Consul of the country to which a ahip is | hound certifying that of leaving port she was free from any contagion diseases and that po t from which she such disease nxisted in

denote angliting weiling Now

operation of ulipowners ią,ssential to ilmesterens beyond suspicio, come to elwo quarters;"

Į

Clipe Quarters.

of the proposals, and this is een very cordially

a well prep and term in general use, promised. This fog the naval operations now nil! he watched with great interest owing to Origianly was pardly a sea term. Close quart the nervousness with high some compreaders, ar cluse fights, otimas also called caring men have viewed the d velement of Admiralty loads, wore beads stretching soress a ship a polley whigh resulted in the disestablishment of deeks which were used as a shelter when she Three squadrons in distent seas cad the eliming was hoursted. Slovers were so fitted in one of 'Fights" were waist- Lion of about 150 ships from the notion lish. the negroes rising. In the course of the manœuvres an effort will be clothes of palated cancha, tard for a somewhat ards rompletely to dispel such frotings by similar purpose, namely for concealing the mon

whey closing with another vessel. Shakespeare: demostrating that the nest schone of distrilai Hon of bin Mijndy's ships, and the unique plons refers to them it the Merry Wives of Wind ser, wh Pistol in very uantion! speech for the protection of ovenn commerce, offer a nure of scurity for British interests which crisp with your fights." has ever before been considered practicable.

Thuring the Fruch wars wa lost a matter of nearly 11 ships, but this was in the day of he sailing ship. By tho aetion of our flet in war with America se inflictest a loss on the Tarina of the United States

C. (Fruch conroyer) to accompany on the way was probably a sen term originally and meant a fleet of merchant vessels protected by an armed force.

r capturo.

Derdhet. A word which came to have almost

Deroy. A spars for catching wild duck. At pe it had a special nontical mexing: to o from which it has never resveral. It is the change the net of a war-ship that shu might posibility of empture, rather than any tangible be mistaken for a trader and so entien a vessel avid er in support of feats of the ruin to the of inferior strength to see so closes as to ensure

her c

· up- Britismarianwar-time, which is the portunity of thoseomnercial garalter and for man who hopes to rate for a "corner" in wheat, or eutton, or other necessarier. Apart from such employment of ingenuity, thom is a widespread belief that on the whisper of war prices with be rushed up Kiral Powers have long since realised that an attack ca cetameren is a good zens of injuring the British Empire, nd aven verrs ago Mr, inow Yiscount) Gorches i, in `a course of disenssion in the Honsay" the seems, is to pour boiling pitch along

of Commons:-

"I want to all the attention of this House very briefly to the fact that sema of our rivals ne practically giving up the ides that they would be able to meet us in the open sou, or if they were nble to meet us in the open rea, that, at all events, the better policy would be to endeavour to wear out the pubenon of this country by prolonged attacks in on our commerce, our food supply, and our sources of production.

They think the while our battleships would be lying opposite their ports they would be able sweep down open our commerce, until this tired of the murertainty and the injury fleted upt us sud of the flag being truas erred to other wafonk. It has been avoned in the most distinct terms. Scientific and politi- cisos and faterton have all commanded this plan, and, what is more, they have sated upon it, They pias now is to build very fast ernisers which shall prey upon ear commeres, and which shall inflict that damage upon as which I have attempted to describe. We cannot sit still in the face of the construction of cruisers intended for that purpose. We know that purpose, and it is our bobden daty to defeat it.

war.

In the old sailing days, of course, ermmeres was protected by we sus of oncoy; but it he been realised for years past that this method is nsuited to the stem age. In the comfortable times when everything was done in a leisurely way, merchant vessels used to congregate at a rendezvous, and then sail in charge of a man-of- In these days such a plan of defence wank, of course, he impossible, because the suler of British ships Eas increased, and the available meu-of-war tend to drorezze, while the enst of each unit gross at an saazing rate Apart from torpedo craft, there is to-day not a single ship building for the British Flest which will at loss than a million at rling, whereas in the days of the convey quite ad quale men-of- war could to built and quipped for about £50,000, with theresuls that we had an immense aring of warships, small and handy in the wind, available for this duty, whose special protection was their speed in contrast with the heavior The intro- aud Blower "ships of the lino.” duction of steam has changed the holy preb lem: lattiesbips are new lying br of gr at speeds, and armoured cruisers with rates of Besming up to twenty-four knots. That are the expensive, but their advent is driving off the seas all the cruisers without armoured bolts and with no guns heavier than the fin. weapon, The late war has coull med the belief which the Admiralty

formed Reveral yours

i

entirely a nautical significance as a term for yesel abandoned at sea; used generally to deusto a waif.

Devil to Pay. (the) and no pitch lot. A carious and well known expression, purely nutiest in its origin. The outervet seam in a wooden ship's deck was termed the devil" owing to the diflenky of caulking it

To

them after the cakam has been driven in. This explains the origin of the term which has new come to mean colloquially, "The dance of a row and no extenuating circumstances, a something to that effrot. *There'll be the devil to pay" is found in ons of Dr. Wendell

Holmes'

་་

porma.

cross had for some years previons to the Union j been associated with St. Patrick, and was in- tended to be a symbol of that saint.

Jack Robinson. Before you can say Jack Robinson:" a term of considerato autiquity and said to bo nautical. There used in boa popular naval song and dance of test tills,

Kit. A seaman's wardrobe, also wred in the army; and now a term in very general use on shore.

Laid Up Though this is a term in such geral use now, it was undonb'edly a 943 term originally. A vesel dismantled and moored in dock or harbour was “laid up.”

Landmark. This term wo uso daily in shora talk. Originally it meant any object on shore, Boston Stomp," as the tower of sach ag Beston Church used to be called, which actel a guide to a smen.

THE LIVER IS A GOOD FRIEND,

BUT A BAD ENEMY.

The liver is a large and powerful organ, camposed of a great multituds of blood vessels. norves, absorbents, and bile ekannals, held together by a roddy-brown substance. "The liver's great work is to supply the bile, which helps to prepare our food for converting inte

life-giving blood.

But when the liver becomes sluggish, there is uot enough bile made to digast the. food, so the blood becomes starved-thin, pak, and without nourishment, and the food ferments, giving off bad gases which cum flatulency, hadache, and foul brinth The bowels beneme olegged, and constipation begins.

i One of the first signs of sluggish livor is a feeling of desponducy and weariness (olio "to Odr. To shove your der in To intrude the impure blood stupifying the brain and fail- unasked, "Oar" can only apportain to the water. ing to nourish the body). The complexion will Of and on. We are no ued to such terms be yellow, and the oyes heavy; there will he that we never even think of their origin. This wind in the stomach, variable appolite, palpita was aid of a vessel working to windward which tion of the heart, and bad taste in the mouth. approached the shore on one tack and stood out Liver trouble should always have prompt Lo sex on the other.

treatment, and, in its early stages, careful diet- Of the Roel, or right off the real." Noting in conjunction with a thorough course of muknown in shora parlanco, but the sponkers Donu's Diruar Pils, will effect a care. But if Boidem or never understand the menring of neglected, enlargement of the liver may result, what they say. It refers to the lisad Tog. and the nation of the organ may be raised; "she is going fourteen kuota right off the reel." there will be dyspepsis, camomis, and perhaps Outfit of which the meaning neal not bo akin disease. The muscles that drive out the given, in a storm describing the stores and prisonous waste will be augtbed, and there will Doan's Dinner Pills or the gear with which a merchant vcas-l is fitted onstipation. out" for a voyago,

great liver corrective; the action is mild but reliable; they give a walthy stimulus to tho Ever, so that sufficient tile is produced to digest the food and maso the passage of waste,

Doan's Dinner Pilk are the best medicine for biliousness, indigestion, constipation, for, bond- ache, ratching, dizziness, de re after eating,

Overboord. This dan wants no explanation, and although evidently a nautical term is now ju general u-e.

Överwhelia. This, originally, was purely a sea word, glan was the Anglo-Saxon for wave, The term is often met with in accounts of old ages used in a professional acusa. Over- whole is overpowered by the sea. In a similar woons it is used torone swamped by some suckdon

trouble.

J

Pilot. This term is often used by landsmen in desoribing a gaide, it was long agy nd as Pitt is still the ruto's palion in Spanish term for the officer in lator days called mate. waters and ships. Two more ancient name for pilot was loleman, and our modern word possibly comes from the toy Gorms priten tu take soundings and at the leat." lodesman derives from "lods" to lead, se that there are two derivations to choose form.

But

Another derivation of the word is referred to the particular kind of op (from the Latin and

for days, Italian pileus) which pilots wore in early ship-

ping

Plain Sailing. All plain sailing" used in ordinary shore conversation supposes a wrong definition. Correctly it "plan" sailing, the first of the "sailiogy" in navigation Books where the ship's coarse is treated as an angle, and the distance, difference of latitude, and departure as this sules of a right-angled triangle. Before the time of Mercator this was the "sailing in use, and being so stupio gave rise to the secondary meating.

Point-blank Pertisps not a purely nautical term, bat military also. Used in common par la ring it mouns tha nuce for "direct." line and hit the "blank" which was the old distance which a shot first will go in a strut ferni for the mark on the butt For any long distance oferation of the muzzle is necessary

Dismantle. A naval (and miliary) term. And then the shot is not firad point blank

Nautical Magazine, ship distantled" was unrigged, and all her

•

ISLANDS.

starea and guns into out. A gun "dismo"THE COINAGE OF THE PHILIPTINE

A term now was "rendered unfit for service,

divested. in general sx for stripped "nr"

Fular Cviours. To sail under falue colours, a phrase in powered as which explains itself. Parely nuntion! in origin. The Colours" in army and navy refer to the regimental and naval fags. To suil undor false colours and chase ia oremy is permitted, but the naval law does not allow of firing on an antagonist whilst under false colours,

First Rute. Now used in a siviliar sense as Al: a naval term which may still be found in the Navy List. In the days of wooden ships vessels of 100 guns and upward were first rates;" ships of 90 to 100 gons were second

rates;

shipa of 80 to 84 gans third rates;" ships of 60 to 74 guna “fourth rates," which were comprehended under the general term frigale" and never appeared in line of battle. Fifth and sixth rates were less powerful vessels, In the tline of the Charles's and the Common wealth these ratings were difforout, there being only one ship of ligans in the reign of Charles 1. the celebrated Sovereign of the Seas.

Full Due,"To give in his due, or falt tao," is a term fully understood in a general senso It is distinctly a naval team and will be foord in the months of Marryatt's characters. For

The

The San Francisco Chronicle recently pablished the fallowing article:-Whea wo fook possession of the Philippines its silver our- rency wes in the deplorable condition until re- cently common to all Oriental countries-pos- sibly worse than in most other countries. Mexican dollar way the principal coin, but thoro were also Tbilippine coins in circulation, and the value of all fluctuated continually with the gold price of silver bullion. It was impossible for merchants to do business with safety except upon the basis of great profits to cover great riske. Such a condition bears most severely Kreat upon the poor nad ignorant, whe form tha mass of the Philippice population, for upon them all losses are fually saddled. It wa essential to institute a reforma, and the best and safest method was to introduce the United States currency with its full gotu basis. That, however, it was thought, would produce toe great, a wrench, and it was decided to adopt the plan which seemed to be working successful- by in Japan and was being introduced or pro- posed in most Oriental omatries. That plan was to make a ver dellar redeemable in goll

A full doe mours for good or complete" at the ratio of about 32 to 1 instead of 16 tu 1, in naval parlance. One of Elizabeth's ships was the Due Reprinc.

and to tax ai other silver coin out of the sountry.

The second annual report of the Chief of the Gasullet. To run the gauntlet. This was possibly a military term orgially, at the Philippine Division of Curranoy describes the resmaa, made it (and the custom) bis. Gaut. progress of thie roform, now nearly completed. lope, the Ghent ran, wo said to have been The Philippine Govorament borrowed the vented in that town, and was a punishment money for the purchase of the ballion as was in which the culprit was compelled to run bet-required, and hal it mised and shipped to the ween tow fles of an armed with repe's ends, stands, where it was excharged for old car receiving a blow from each; it was used at sea roney or paid out in due course of business. It

by wri as a punishment for dirty crimes, such as keeps the parity at skont 32 to to 1

taining a gold reserve in New York and selling thieving,

Greg. A mixture of ram and water, introdne. gold drafts in exchange for silver pesos. The ed on a drink in the navy in 1740 by Admiral interest on its daily balances has paid all the interest charges in connection with the transac Vernon as an attempt to ahock drunkenness,

from tion, and the seigniorsge, or difference between his seamen nicknamed him "olid grog the program (gree grain) cont be was in the the coin value and ballion value of the silver

он

el none but armoured ships, and "go in favour habit wearing. In later days sugar and used, has yinded a comfortable proft to the

in the process

lime juice were added to the mistors.

Honet-up.io

The mo treasury.

money is in circulation, people

tion has beeo virtually completed et a small size of the versels has so greatly increased that order, a protably derived from the sea are becoming accustomed to it, and the tra

of international rivalry for power and spord the

op

the hema to bear up for profit to date to the treasury, and without Inge

a single one now runs to fortune. Solcondary sense as o1

to say individual except the few who held on to

men-of-war cannot be bailt in great numbers Poverty 3 ford this is only a sailing ship term the old coin until after the date when it would

and nothing less swift and powerful is worth spending money upon.

baing used in a In bearing up the helra is put "bard up," and never used in a steamor.

High and Dry

The situation of a vessel ground. so as when the tire ebbs, she can be Cat and dried "in, dry upon the strand. Ilieve, a hook-binder's term.

118

be taken except at its bullion value. In epito of every possible effort to call the money in, there were some who did not exchange when they could.

There is a possibility that all the Oriental Jack Cuion Jack. The full term dates frou opuntries which have adoptat, and guaranteed, the Union of Eaglard and Scotland, and it has the ratio of 32 to i may find themselves in been attempted to obtain the derivation of trouble by the rise of the price of silver bullion "Jack from “Jacques'

or Jetas, the king, to a point above that. Without attempting to This, howev, is incorrect save in a secondary be exact, when silver sells for 63.5 cents per fine seuse. The jacke (from whence we get jacket) ounce it is about at the ratio of 32 ounces of ailver for one opuce of gold. If the Philippina- was a military coat, und in the earlier days se men bad the red cross of St. George emblazor: Government can buy silver for less than that it apon this "Jack" This may be the origin of makes a profit-or signiorage-on its coinage, the term. Other commentators again derive it less cost of minting und transportation. from the "Jack" or small staff at the bowsprit siiver purchased by the Philippine Commission end from which it was flown; but this is doubtful, during 1904 cost on the average 50.227 cents originally it Bow from the sprit topmast. per ounce, yielding a profit, when coined, of The term is now used in other navies besides our about conts an ounce. Recently, however,

American, for instance, where the there has been a rise in the price of silver, Whites stars to the number of the latest quotation at this writing boing 65.5 per

Jack States on a blun ground. One of our old sea foo ounce, so that if the Philippine Government were now baying silver there would be a net loss Bongs b-gir

It is in view of these conclusions that pre- fected ornisars have been cast on the scrap-beap and no more are being laid down for any of the great navios. Every ship now being planned will be large, swift," of heavy gun power, and consequently costly. So far as Great Britain is concerned, there is some advantage in this development, for reasons of economy will ree- vent rivals, all with great stmies, and all of them poorer than ourselves, and with less at stake sflest, building many armoured ships of high

can be let loose on the British speed, whic mercantile marino. Cert inly, the danger to British sea-borne commeres in time of war tends to decrease and it may be hoped with ome confidence that, in the course of this year's grand manoeuvres," the Admiralty will be able to reassure the commercial world as to the adequacy of the plans which have been orolved for defeuding the Empire and protecting its meresntile marine. It is of times imagined that it fime of war an enemy's warships in Jargo numbers will be able to roam the seaS picking up Britial ships. This is a complete delusion. Now and again, by misehance, such

"Of hauling down a Frenchman's Jack, Gainst any odds, you know, heys." jessels may get to sea, but some satisfaction gay be gained by reflection on the Following

The original English colour was St. George's facts:

red cross on a white ground. The Scottish flag 1. The British frontier, on hostilities threat-

a white St. Andrew's erosa was bine with ening, will be the enemy's coasts, and it will sallierwise. At the Luion these ten were bload be the object of British fleets to rust and fight ad into ore fag. Then in 1801, when Ireland

"British sailors bave a nack,

Haul away, yo-ho boys,

the enemy's ships when they come out, and to entered the union, a rel cross was placed upon the white St. Andrew's cross, leaving a margin prevent voss-la with piratical designs escaping. 2. Owing to its system of intelligence, at any

of the white on either sido, The red cross given moment the Admiralty knows where Baltier for Ireland is said to be taken from the every man-of-war of a foreign Power is located. arms of the Eitzgerald family, though this

Cost

The

tex

in coining of about 2 cents an ounce, in addition. to of minting and transportation. That, however, is not the worst aspect of the case. If silver remains permissently at

price above its coinage value sufficient to pay the cast of malting and refining and still leave a profit, Philippine coinage. nothing can prevent the new from being melted dawr. and sold for ballion. This is a situation which affsets all the Oriental countries which have adopted ratios around 32 to 1. Probably at present prices, the operation would hardly pay, but it would require only a very little additional rise, with prospect of permanence, to make a great deal of trouble in the Oriental money market.

cont

appetite, yellow eves, heartburn, wind, and for every liver, atoniach and bowel trouble.

Dan's Dinner Pills are 1-15 a box, or 6 boxer for . Of all chemists anal medicine-doulers, er direct from the proprietors, the Foster Matallan Co., 3. Wells Street, Oxford Street. London, Englad, post free on resips of price,

Eczema Licking Piles, and every Itching Skin Disease can be permanently enred by Doan's Ointment. This Ointmout in pare anu too quickly. To be had of all chemists and clean; it does not irritate the skin, or dry up druggists, or direct from the proprietors, the Foster McClellan Co. 6. Welle Street, Oxford Street, London, England, post free on receipt of prico-1 pet for 219, or 6 pots for 13,9.

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A BROKEN-DOWN SYSTEM.

This is a condition (or disease; hes which den irres give many names, but which few of them really understand. Itis simply weakness---a break-drwsi, asit were, ofthe vital forces that sustain the system No matter what may be its causes flor they are al most numberless), itanyoptamsare much the athe the mare prominent being sleeplessnak, ease of prostration or weariem, deperisiua of spirits and want of energy for a51 the ordinary affairs of le Now, what alone ipabsolutely essential in all mach casca in increased vitality-viguste-

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THERAPION N13

than by any other known combination. So surely 4 it is taken in accordance with the printe directions accompanying it, with the shattered health be restored, THE EXPIRING LAMP OF LIFE LIGHTED UP AFRESH, and a new raisterwe impartel in place of what had no lately seewerk wärn-out"ixed up." and valueless. This woederint medicament is purely vegetable and innocuous, is agreable to the faste -suitable for all constitutions and emdition, in either sex and it is difficult to limagine a cassef disease orderangement, whose main features are those of debility, that wilt ont be sperly and permanently bracfited by this over-failing reca perative essence, which is destined to cast into oblivion everything that had reeded it for this w de-spread and numerous class of humanaliments, is set by

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69-1