1904-10-26 — Page 5

Page

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THE RAILWAY QUESTION IN

CHINA.

0:

5. Shanghai-Nanking extension, Pakon te, made in July last between the British and Sigyang in Honan-270 miles.

6. The Susbau-Ningpe line, via Hongchau

200 miles

7. The Kowloon Canton line-100 m'les.

Chinese Corporation and Sheng Ta-jên for construction of the line, the Corporation bind- ing itself to provide capital amounting to £3,250,000 and to commence work within one

8. Half of the Anglo-American Hankowyear. Mach difficulty appears to have been Canton line-300 miles.

The Shanghai Correspondent of the Times, in the course of a long letter, says: It is evident that in any Russo-Japanese treaty or international agreement which may be made

9. Burma to Yongtsze line-700 miles. upoa the conclusion of the present war

The Northern Railway (already working over diplomacy will consern itself chiefly with the

a distance of 300 miles in 1899) and the Peking future of Chian, of her territory and adminis tration. As Sir Robert Hart has pointed out Syndicate's short coal-transport line from the in his recent memorandum on the revenue of Shausi mines to Wei-hui are the only going the Empire, everything at the close of the war concerus" to our credit to-day. It should be will depend upon whether China is in a position particularly noted that the extension and main. tenance of the Northern Railway, certainly the to secure for herself a hearing or whether she will simply have to obey orders. The only class most important factor in maintaining our posi in China that has mad any effort to avoid the tion, and indirectly that of the Chinese Govern latter contingency ars the. Hunanese, and their ment in North China, was rendered possible by methods, unfortunately, are the outcome of the fact that the British Government in the begin conservatism based on profound ignoranco.ning of 1899 went so far towards adepting the Nevertheless, crude as those attempts have been policy of ather Powers as to take note of the binding engagement on the part of the Chinese the Hunanese party deserves credit for not

Government." It may be useful to reproduce rostricting its energies to the utteranes of

here the text of the Foreign Ofice despatch in Confugian maxims and for taking some defluite Faction to protect the empire's interests which is recorded an historical departure from the important matter of State rail the traditions of the timid polley to which we ways and mines. The Hunapose to a Foreign Office to Manager of Hongkong and

Shanghai Bauk, London,"

January 26, 1899.

and as heretofore, is "China for the Chinese exclusion of foreiga interference, even in the shape of capital. Their suggestions are unpractical and their sohomes visionary: but at least they appreciate the fact that so long as foreigners in him enjoy privileges of extra territoriality, railways under the present unde fined control of earth-hungry Powers must For be a source of grave danger to the State. this reason they oppose the construction of a Frane Belgian tell miliway through Hunsu,

kave shico returned ; --

Sir-On the 29th ult you were informed by this Departinent that her Majesty's Minister at Peking bad received on Desember 24 from the Tsar-li-Tamén the assurance that none of the railway lines named in the contract for the loan to be made by the British and Chines Corporation to the Chinese Imperial Railway administration shall be alienated to any foreign

Power.

I am further to state that yon are authorised to announce in the prospectus of the loan that the loan has been arranged with the knowledge of her Majesty's Government.

and insist bither on the maintenance of the

I am now directed by the Marquis of Salis lino as a bona fide American undertaking or on cancelling the Washington contract. Indicary to inform you that in the special cir cumstances of the case her Majesty's Govern- tions are not lucking of a similar state of public opinion, though without organized consent to take note of this promise as a PLAYING ALL THE NOTES OF THE expression, in other directions; and if the binding engagement on the part of the Chinesa

Government. Chinese Government should thereby be in- duced with the consent of the Powers in- terested, to place the whole question of railway control upon

a new basis, protecting and maintaining the Emperor's sovereign rights, the results would be. of inesti. matie boneft to China and to the civilized world. This new basis would involve an international agreement sneli that of the "open door," and it would commence with the Manchurian and Shantung railway systems; it would include, not only the undeveloper British concessions of the Yangisze provinces, but the Franco-Belgian Luhan and Honan Unos and the recent Franch concession for railways to the capitals of Shansi and Yun- a The Chinese seo clearly that in all these so-called State undertakings the right of control by extra-territorialized foreigners mast, under existing conditions, land sooner or later to protection by armed force of the interests thus I created and in the case of the railways con- trolled by Powers whose land frontiers march with those of China the step from such protec RACHALS. &c. tion to annexation of territory has been shown Therefore the native to be an easy one. Press at the treaty ports and patriotic Chinese wherever they are to be found throughout the country, aroused at this late date to the danger of conquest by railway, are urging on the Government the udvisability of a new and more enlightened policy; and the significance of this fact deserves to be appreciated in the Chan. cellurios of Europe and Washington as well as at Poking.

HOPKINSON.

KRAUSS.

BABY

GRANDS

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Hongkong, 10th October, 1904.

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In a recent article I have described the posi. tion of affairs in ragad to Belgian control of the southern trunk line (Hankow-Canton), The issue of that important question is still undecided. In the meanwhile. Che negotiations which commenced in 1898 for the construction of the railway to connect Shanghai, Su-chou, 12150 and Naxking have at last, been concluded, and the work will shortly ba commenced by a British synticate.

PURE, SPARKLING, INVIGORATING.

BEWARE OF JAPANESE IMITATIONS.

P. BLACKHEAD & CO., AGENTS

Hongkong, 31st July, 1903.

In November, 1898, Sir Claude Mac Donald, thon British Minister at Fekiur, desiring to reassure Lord Charles Beresford in regard to THE LEADING MINERAL WATER OF THE BASTrailway concessions in China and cnr position in regard thereto, as compared with that of Bottled in Japan by H. E. REYNELL & Co.

other nations, drew up a lengthy memorandum, which was subsequently published (Blue-book: China, No. 1 of 1899). Reading this remarkable document to-day, one is as much impressed by the shoesses at our expense which have since been quietly achieved by the diplomacy of our rivale as by the internal evidence which the document itself contains of our failure to recognize the objects and methods of that diplomacy. One passage quoted at random From the summary of concessions other than British" affords a striking illustration of the contrast between promise and achievement, besides showing in the clearest possible manuor the results to be expected under such conditions. Sir Claudo wrote:-

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The Russo-Chinese Bank has sigued a coù- tract for the constraction of a branch line from Tai-yuen-fra to connect with the Lubno trunk line near Cheng-ting. Length, approximately, 130 miles. They have, up to date, been unable to raise money for this line. I think it very possible that it will eventually be built by an Anglo-Russian syndicate. I am trying to arrange this. [Originally a British concession, it became Russian by agreement between the Peking Syndicate and the Russian Bank (April. 1898), and is now being built with French capital as a French undertaking.]

There is hardly a paragraph throughout the entire report which does not contain similar expressions of a sanguine satisfaction which, hwerer legitimate it may have been at the time, has now become pathetic in the face of actual facts. To anyone who desires an epitome of the failures of British policy in China I can recommend nothing more instruc tive than this document.

The net result of the battle of concessions"

the British Minister as follows:

of their High Class Machinery and also of the pto November 26th, 1898, was summarisa I by

superior ingredients they use in the manufacture of their goods, and the cleanliness, &c., are all under strict supervision of Europeans only.

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Including Hankow. Canton and Yunnan Yangszu Railways. Including Manchurian Railway (from Stre- tenak to Vladivostok.)

Belgian ... French ... American† 1

Half interests tre rackoned at half the estimated length of line.)

-Such was the promise of 1998. How has it been fulfilled ap to date! British-controlled railways in existence at this moment show o total of 570 miles, the construction of another 180 miles is likely to be undertason this year.

The 2,800 miles of prospective British rail- ways to which Sir Clands MacDonald and the British Government referred with pardonable pride in 1898, and for some time thereafter,

were :--

1. The Northern Railway, Peking vir Tien- tein to Newchwang-500

miles from Sbara mines to the Yangtare-250 miles.

2. The Peking Syndicats's"

its

3. Half of the Anglo-German line from Tientsin to Chinking-300 miles.

4. Shanghal-Nazking line-190 miles.

experienced in finding the money, and in the meanwhile further negotiations became no. cossary in regard to Bnancial and engineering details, the good faith of Shong was question- able throughout, and latterly. when the funds were forthcoming upon his own terma, lus attitude was

unmistakably obstructive that a strong remenstrance by the British Minister became nec ssary. This was effective; the requisite authority for the issue of the bonds by

the Chinese Minister in Londen has now boun

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given, and it may therefore be expected that work will shortly be commenced. after so long a period of inactivity, is a matter for congratulation. The Nanking railway in regarded by experts as the most valuable concer sien of its kind in Ching; its construction and control in British hands are essential to the protection of our predominant interests at Our new patent Low Sat Express Cushions can be fitted to any Billiard Table, making it for Shanghai and on the Yangtze, and it may playing purposes as good na now, rensonally be assumed that its financial results

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The Chinese, with some justification, have declined to discuss fond agreements for there British concessions until the British and Chi- nose Corporation (which holds them) shall have given proof of good faith by providing the WE HOLD THE LARGEST STOCK OF BILLIARD TABLES, ACCESSORIES capital for the Nunking line. Chinese opinion

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on this subject has been freely expressed. concurring with that of Lord Percy, that it is not hitting that England should pile up concessions on paper" and do nothing to develop them, but it is realized in China more clearly than in Downing Street that without the British Government there is not much chance bo had on application from the Offices of this paper. for the private expitalist to make these British concessions effective. One result of our policy in this matter has recently been shown in the attempt of certain of the provincial gentry of Cheklang to forestall the British railway to Hong-chan by obtaining Ce Imperial sanction for a line to be built with German capital. German officiel support of this proposal has not been of a demonstrative nature-it could not well be

Hongkong, 6th April, 1904.

BOMBAY,

so without repudiation of that THE CIGARETTES

principio of economic al geographical gen- citation whereon rests Gerratay's position in Shantang-bat German diplomacy is not always demonstrative. Apart, however, from German intrigues, the Chinese undoubtedly find in the purposeless drift. of British policy a valid excuse for their action.

The

7. The Kowloon (Hongkong)-Canton line. A caluable concession for short line--partly through British territory-in thick's populated country Public spinien in Hongkong has boon gathering weight for the past two years, and now expresses itself strongly to the oct that the needs of the colony demand the im mediata construction of this railway. Colonial Government les offered to guarantee 3 par caut. on the cast of construction for five years, and it is probable that with the arrival of the new Governor. Sir Matthew Nathan, the matter will be energetically takon up. It would surve no good purpose to discuss the ́eanses which have contributed to defer this

I am. sir, your most obedient, bumble servant

T. H. SANDERSON," Herein the littlest Englander could find no momentous pledging of the nation's credit, nor to the most sensitive Chancellor of the Exchequer could it appear a dangerous experiment, since it was admitted even then that railways in Chiu were generally remunerairo investments no thoir necits. Nevertheless, the far-reaching and fortunate results of this undemonstrative sup port have been sufficiently conspicuous. But for that support it is, to say the least. highly im probabls that Russia would ever have relaxed the grip she had secured of the Northern Buil way south as well as north of the Great Wall under cover of the Boxer movement. It is believe, the still-ucuspted formula that the credit of the British Government may not be extended to protect pirate enterprise, and especially ba yond the limits of the King's dominions. The question is loo wide a one for discussion bare; but to the plain man it would seem that if, in striking the nation's balance-sheet, it be shown that our trading and other rights over half a cor- tinent can be preserved by guaranteeing the con- struction and working of a British-controlled rail way, the advantages offsuch action unmeasurely utweigh its possible risks. This is the policy. the successful policy, of our rivals. If it be sal andertaking, obviously necessary to the future] that such national guarantees should not his used prosperity of the colony: the late Governor. for the benefit of private individuals or com- Sir Henry Blake, observed in his furwell panies, the natural reply suggests itself speech that the delay was little short of a Such and such a concession has been seandal." and public opinion in the south sup given by China under pressure of demandsports us opinion. The lamentable results f the British Government; therefore th delay can best be estimated in connexion throw it open to competition by British with the great trunk line of which the Kow. companies, and let the result be a Britisk loon (Hongkong) Canton line would be the national undertaking, on Chinese territory natural prolongation, for the necessary protection of our commercial interests therein. Surely there is something parlous in policy which insists on such con-

I have already shown in an earlier letter how cessions being granted to Great Britain and completely eny British interest that ever then fails to maintain them as national under- oxisted in this most important trunk line has takings? It remains for the British people > scaporated, and how Belgium and those who decide whether the safeguarding of the Chinese stand behind Belgium in this matter hace Empire and of our trade therein, the proter worked to eliminate the American interest as

Burma-Indian frontier, and well. tion of our

of its communications 9. Line from Burma to the Yangtze. the opening up with the Yaugtsze Valley

As a matter of practical polities, this may be worth striving for; iffey are, the spouer such irritten of the list. The surveys mado in 1897- decision is unde effective the better. When 1900 between Kualong Ferry and Yuenan- Sir Ernest Satow returned to Peking fron fut, and thence to Shufa on the Yangtsza, leave in August, 1903, Lord Lansdowne stated

showed that although the construction of such that he came back with fuller powers and a defa line would not offer insuperable difficulties. uite policy with regard to the railway question vot as a purely commercial and private enterprise yet the situation has by no means improved, and its prospects would not be tempting. of any British policy such as that of which the action of the Foreign Office in 1899 seemed to be an earnest thero has been no further sign.

by

ایم عالم بالا

matters

To return to Sir Claude MacDonald's railway "bar" of 1898. Of his nine "concessions" one only, the Poking-Tientsin-Nowchwang line. aBritish-controlled railway is working as to-day. In May, 1902, I gave a summary of the position of the others. It is interesting lu review the situation after another two years:- 2. The Peking Syndicate's line from its Shansi mines to the Yangtsze.

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And so the proud list of British concessions in 1898 for railways covering 2800 miles reads to-day as follows:----

Hritish railways la more. Peking-Nio-ehwung line, say, 510 miles Peking syndicate's Wei-hni line. say,60

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This has been systematically blocked by the Chinese Government on the ground of its alleged competition with the Lukan trafic. the creation of those in pose depend absolutely obstruction sapported by French and Belgiann a batter appreciation by the British Govern-

ment of indisputable facts. Legations and by the Russo-Chinese Bauk The potential value of this syndicate's original concession was enormous, commercially as well as politically, but, as I stated on August 17th, 1898, the value of its mining rights rust de pond to a very great extout upon the firmness or complaisance which may hereafter be shown by her Majesty's Government, not only in dealing with the Chiness, but with those Powers whose evident ohject it is to close the door on every kind of British enterprise." Since that date no firmness has been displayed in either direction, and the position of this syndicate. vitally affect ing British interests throughout the North Yangtzo provinces, might have been by this time very unenviable, had it not been for Russia's more urgent affairs in Manchuria.

In a telegram of June 28, 1909, the Times résumé of the Peking Correspondent gave syndicate's negotiations, since which date they have not materially altored. At an interview which took place in January of this year bet. ween the syndicate's representative (Mr. George the Jamieson, C.M.G.) and Sheng "Ta-jen latter restated, with the utmost composure, conditions which the Legation and the syndi. esto declined to consider in 1901. Mr. Jamieson has been politely referred from the Chinose Foreign Office to Sheng and back again, for the past three years, in a matter which for a Belgian company would have been settled in a week.

3. Kalf of the Anglo-German line, Tientsin to Chinking.

This has dwindled to a third-say, 200 miles as the result of our recognition of the door closed by Germany in Shantang province, There appears to be no immediato prospent of constraction, and the British concessionnaires are content to await the result of the German negotiations with the Viceroy Yuan Shih-kai. All parties have been marking time for the just three years.

The Shanghai-Suchau-Nanking line. This is one of the railways conceded under pressure by China in 1898 as unalienable British andertalings Five years after signature of the preliminary agreement a final contract was

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