1903-09-05 — Page 9

RUSSIA AND OTHERS IN THE NORTH.

(Conclusion.)

eion.

moro

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1903

Reid

political life in his hands. Mr. none the less tranquilly declares that the doctrine is not international law and is not American law, "It consists merely of declars.

THE MONROE DOCTRINE,

The Times New York correspondent writes:— The crucial passages in Mr. Whitelaw Roid's repeat address to the Yale Law School relate to

State, and these are not quiform." There is not the Monroe Doctrius, a subject of perenniaàtics of polloy by Presidents and Secretaries of interest to Europe as to America! One resson

a statuto or resolution of Congress to sustain

mandarin favour and official negotiations will private individuals, but only in ones of publi" more and

to be dilatory fused. prove methods favouring future Buegian expan "The denti-raio in Manila has been cut in The real enemy of Europe two since the Americans first coupled the city Dr. Ular goes on to point out that the Man in Chine is neither the people vor the and almost in two again. In every tropical obarias problem offers two opposita osprots drasty, but the mandarin, The mandarin's commonuity of that kind there is danger of according us it is considered from the Japanese power is in direct ratio to the ignorauce of the recurrent epidemics of cholera and bubouío point of view or from the Western. Japan net people, and in inverse ratio to the people's thirst plague, but these diseases, when they have only wants to sell goods in Manokuria, she wants for Western knowledge and principles. It is occurred, hava boon kept down wonderfully well. to colonise the country, and this Russia cannot likewise in direct ratio to the impotency of the Last year during the cholera epidemic, the possibly permit. Even before the cccupation of dynasty, and in inveras ratio to the people's death-rate from cholera in Manila was so larger Manchuria, Russia had remarked the danger of confidence in the dynasty's decisions. The than the death-rate from tuberculosis, an Japanoso' immigration iute the Amur provines, mandarin is a parasite, living by the weakoe endemic disease in all cities. Wo succeeded in and had taken savers measures (passports off the surrounding elements. To admit the keeping cholera woll confined and prevented its short validity, refund to authoriso the managing contact of thees olements with the fortifying affooting the water-supply of the city. Had it of industrial establishment) in order to avon would be the suicide of the caste. And for this inhabitants would probably have been stricken, in the sitapler forms of office routine, and Britain, and it was never accepted at all by any

intellectuel weapons of Western civilisation, reached the water-supply, one-third of the the presence of a settled Japanese population reason cothing is worse for Europe than to and that would have meant the death of 100,000 She has, recently, applied the same measures to Manchuria, and has thus given a death-blowatter the mandarin class at the cast of persons. to Joppazzo emigration. The "opon door" in Government and people. Manchuria is for the Japanese an open door for men, and for the Europeans an open door for goods. It would be very dangerous to confound these two meanings of the word. The prosart exasperation of Japan against Russia is justifled by the total failure of her expansion policy on

I am afraid that, at least as concerning. Manoharia, Russia is very likely to bavo.

This country passed through more than one

is the belief that the doctrine is identified with

·

And Mr.

regards education, into our consular" morrice. This, I renturo to say, would not do at nil, as consular daties require a man to be well edu. cafed, and much of the work in dealing with the nativo oficials and with the consular representatives of the other Enropean Powers is of a quasi diplomatic character.

The Government is wise in fixing the limits why the interest is so acuto, and is permanent, of age at 18 to 24, and in the matter of training is the uncertainty of the doctrina. It varies them. One reason for the prevailing enthusiast a class of vell-educated young men for their from time to time. The doctrine stated by future ofjoial responsibilities. there is room for President Monroe in his message to Congress Republican institutions, but it did not provent a little improvement on the system now prevail. in 1823 was one thing. It way adapted to as from recognising two emperors, Iturbide in ing in the Far East, bat nit mach. A student particular set of circumstances which hase, at Mexico, and Dom Pedro in Brazil. interpreter, say at Peking, during his stay least in part, cessed to oxist. Inspired perhaps Reid ranges himself with Mr. Cleveland when he there of two years for the purpose of studying by Canning, it was not, even in its orignal.sys concerning the two essential propositions Chinese, should be instructed at the same time authentic form, accepted as a whole by Great

should not be sent down to a treaty port as time; then it lay dormant, or in abeyance for a other Power: It answered its purpose for the assistant so sublimely ignorant of everything "During the last fiscal year the insular but Chinese that the Consul has to tonah his long period, a pious opinion or a counsel of

perfection. Government, after paying all expenses and how to copy a simple despatch or report a vessal An excellent plan would expending sooo $2,500,000 in gold upon har to the Custom house bours, coastguard vessels and other permanent, be that each stadent at the close of this twa cash balance of years' course at Peking should then be stationed improvements, still bad-a between $5,000,000 and $6,000,00), which was for a your at Shanghai, of which he should the marplus loft at the end of the precoding and thres mouths at the Supremo - Court, year. The insular Government is conducted three at the Mixed Court, thres at the shipping

custom duties. There is a small income from then be a really useful assistant with soure internal revenue taxes, such as the forestry tax, gmoral knowledge on most points that are stump. The receipts from the import tax on foreign goods, however, practically ruas the insular government, and furnishes the mens

ment has rado sweeping redueliona in the Spanish atom duties on rice, wheat, flour, canned goods. kerosene, and other uscissities of the common people. Under the Spanish sustoms law the rich were favoured with com- paratively low duties for their luxuries, while the poor were made to pay heavily for common Decorsities. The burden is hoy far more evenly distributed.

of Monroe's massage: --- Neither of them objects to transfer of dominion to Europeans by cession, purchase, or the voluntary act of the inhabit. ants; and neither of them gives any pledge to any American State that we would, interfere in its behalf against the use of foros for the colles. tion of debts or the redress of injuries, or indeed

Vory ingeniously and not less truly Mr. Reid against any European attack," go back to President Polk, one of the least popular of American chief magistrates, for the origin of what is, perhaps, the most dangerous

doctrine. In his possages to Congress of December 2, 1815, and April 29, 1848, Mr. Polk lealt with the North-Western frontier dispute, and made himself the sorvant-this is my language, not Mr. Reid's-of an intrigue by the slave power, then and till 1881 the greatest fores in American politics, for the seizure of

extend the area of slavery. Mr. Polk did

Yucatan, but he laid down a new law of which

If the complete dismemberment of Chips is to be avoided at this moment, the Western Powers cannot, under pain of destroying their fature in the For Fest, but adopt a policy preparing the people themselves to fool the want of modoru civilisation und modern products, and proving to the dynasty that outside of Bussian op. a way left to salvation. Such a mothod of on her side, at least in Bueret, the com-elf-acting intellectual expension and political moureuse of the Powers. In mooting, the re-elevation is possible. The Mancha-Mongolian by which the Government sells timber on the likely to come before a cousul.

'quarrel will perbaps oblige car diplomatists to make attempts in this direction. I cur not, in this place, make any serious proposals on this

the Marchu Mongolia question as much should no longer vacaps publis opinion and the thoughts of states.mon. It is a well-set-led question. We are too late in disenssing it now. It is a matter of history, and no longer of politics.

the Continent. But, in case of a serions conflict, pression and mandarin corruption there is almost entirely upon the receipts from import { office, end three in the Land Oflea. He would it assertion might have sosmed useful and extension over given to the original Monroe

open-door-for-mon" question just now. Japan is late, and a little too boll. She wants, it would seem, simply to reap thỏ fraits of Russia's labour.

But the important point which must not be overlooked is that a British Consui nowadays should possess knowledge of something more

competition, when our very existence as a lend- lng trading nation is at stake, it is not enough

crisis to which it might have soomed applicable, withone invoking its aid. I do not know anything in the history of the Mouros Doctrins more remarkable than its power of suspended animation. If there ever wore a moment when

indeed inevitable, it was in 1800 when we turned the French out of Mexico. But Mr. Soward's dispatch, in which he stated the view and the purpose of the United States to relieve Mexico from the intrusion of Napoison III, contained no reference to the Mouros Doctrine. Mr. Reid, occupied with other branches of the

It would be a fine success for Japan, indard, to quite different subject, but I say Armly that for general insular improvements. The Goverti- than official routine In these days of fierce subject, says nothing of this incident, which. Yuvatau, in Contrul America, in order to

millions ste

souquor and work by an immense immigration movement a country which she would have been absolutely unable to colonien if Russia, had not toiled and paid for it for long years past Russia bas spent, in Manchuria, at least sixty and this enormous expense, wo, must avow, has profited that rountry much more than Russiat least, so far. Japan' may obtain free immigration into Manchuria by war, but it is impossibe, in the present state of things, to allow her the right to alaim such a favour of a matter of international justies. If Russia destroyed her East-China railway, if she resoscilated the Hanhuse tyranny and

of trade between different towns and districts:

A PHILIPPINE COMMISSIONER ON THE ISLANDS.

J

Mr. Dean U. Worcester on his return to Sax Francisco last month gase az iutorview to the Chronicle, in which ho sxid --

"Binderpest, the cattle plague that has re-

esntly killed fully 70 per cent. of all the draft animals in the Philippines, has been effectually

at Manila a serum is boing produced and used

in

a

"The municipalities and the provinces in the Philippines are run on revennes raised by the land and other local taxes. Thors usror had

for a coneul to sit down and write a dry.

erectheless, reinforces his argument.

Then came a period, not yet ended, of coufat, it is true, recommend the acquisition of -dust trade reperi--compiled not from his, of conflicting versions, of policies based the natural effect might be in time to facilitate ONE knowledge or records, bat from the first on one, then on another, theory of efforts the transfer of that sud other great semi-tropical

Chinese Customs reterns, which are leat to

to extend and toʻréstriet it; of serious attempta

regious to the United States. Because they were

him as a favour-in which ko may, as I have by persons and bodies in authority to define the semi-tropical they were Atted for slave indestries, Been done by a senior consul, make some doctrine, no one of which commanded naiversal nothing can be mora instractire than to nets ridiculously anpractical suggestions. A consulent. Half-a-dozen resolutions were offered

Polk said "It should be distinctly announced would fake far more interest in his trade report in the Senate, each restating it in a different that the new doctrine was the offspring of a slave- Senators, Mr. Loige very conspicuously, pre hud sque practical knowledge of his subjectsvated individual versions. Some of the most

to the world as our settled policy that no future write a much more useful one if he form. None of them were adapted. Individual ning President inslave-owning interests. Mr

The question of the compiling of these trade ominent jurists in the country tried their brands Americans catablished it. Many men of ex-reports from the Customs returns, which are perience in the islands declared emphatically lens as a special favour, is perhaps somewhat on it. Mr. Phelps, late Minister to England, that the establishment of a land tax would cer- beside the mark, but it is interesting to reflect was one of them, and propounded a view which

beda a land-tax in the Philippines until the

a

European colony or dominion shall, with our ensent, be planted or established on any part Not merely, says Mr. Hoid, wero Europeas of the North American continent."

and colonise them, or to interfere with the head of the Chinees Customs were other than

liberties of the Spanish-American Republice Britisher, as is the case at present. There are

we had just recoguiend, but they was, ublice several Powers that would give anything to oust Sir Robert Hart from his post and instal ons

take dominion by cassion, by purchase, by of their own nationality, and in rush a. case to draw, of his own motion and authority, otherwise. Once for all, therefore be what assistance would our consuls get towards the boundary line between a British colony tras historical origin of what has boon their frido reports? There is room for reform and a foreign State-appointing to that end here, and it is needed right quickly."

and was rejected for that reason by the more boiligerant party, of whom Mr. Lodge was turn whatever he may be now, an example, Mr. Cleveland appealed to Monroe when he wout his Venezuela wessage to Congress, and undertook

voluntary appeal of the inhabitants.

doctrine

to

the oppressive system of mandarin gorean ment; if she brought back the goneral mheory of unemployed workton and the impossibility stamped out. In the Government laboratories tainly precipitate a genera urrection. But on the néter confusion as regards trade reports was, to say the least, rational and conservative, Powers "forbidden to claim unsettled lands we had very little treable. The Philippines that would prevail in the consular ranks if the if she again fortified Cliriness authority, and inoculating all horned suimals on the islands are primarily na agricultural country. The if Manobarin were again au integral part of This serum has been remarkably successful. It people are dependent alment entirely upon the The products of the soil. A land tax was the most China, then Jin night be admitted to show has stopped the disease in every casa. ber civilising force bat, then, she would not making of this serum in the Philippines is natural moans of raising public revenues for do so, because the risk would be too great; and now thing, but the use of it is no novelty. locul improvements and provincial and muui- even if she were willing, the same European It has been used in South Africa, India, dipal government exposes.

"We showed the natives at once that we did Concert that now' incriminates Russia would and other places where this cattle plague compel ber to abandon her ambitions plaas occurs, and has proved effective, producing not intend to divert the money. All the money This Japan onght to con alder Lefore immunity from the disease for a period raised by the land-tax goes into local government adding fuel to the tune of a most dau. of six or more years. In inoculating with this expenses in the provinces and the towns. The gorous agitation. Neither England, in spite serum we have lost but 2 per cent of fim insular government gets neue of it. Under the of the Japanese alliance, or Americs, Inanimals we have haudied, and that is a very Spanish régime the local taxes went to the pro- vincial capitals and seldom came back in any spite of her commerical interests, can casibly smalt proportion. We have authorised the discuss the open-door question on the same employment of twenty well-paid veterinary form, and there was a general impression that basis as Japan. If they declared their solidarity surgeons, each of whom will supervise the work the money was practically for the enrichment of with Japan on the "evacuation" or immigration of three or four inoculators. It has been oficials. It is very important that these people point, they would not only prove the insincerity demonstrated that, after being inoculated with should see what is being done with their money. furlough comes home at about 25 with some American or South American soil be go alienated consider what the fature operation of it isJively

Hetice the local taxes from the load are used in eresting schoolhouses, paying for additional eluf teachers and other public works. The funds are expended by local councils in the municipalities, corresponding to our American boards of aldermon.

of the Peking negotiations and of the Japanese alliance clauses, but also re-open the awful question of the Eighteen Provinces, a question in which England and Ambries have everything

to lose and nothing to gain.

this sorom, the animal can be given a big injection of blood from a plague-stricken que and not feel the effect. Ordinarily such an injection would mean desth. By means of this sern wo are practically able to save the agricultural infor- two years to ests of the islands, It requires two years for the effect of such a plague to be obliterated from any ground upon which infecte animals are pastured. The result

The six years of warfare and incidental devastation of the country, followed by the cattle plague and its check upon agriculture. has seriously handicapped some of the provinces,

Bat the Lamalt of those days naturally provoked disenssion of the doctrine, and a fittle later provoked the memorable declaration of Mr. Theodore Roosevelt, set then President, at Buffalo the high-water wurk of the rising

It is not the Monroe dostrine; it is the Pelk attempt to found a new American slave state, doctrine which the Jingoes of to-day have revived and would enforco.

The logical purpose of the original doctrine was the protection of American interests. Let as limit it to that, says Mr. Rei, proceeding to to be.. He is obviously unable to perceive that the destiny of Patagonia closely concerns the United States. The establishment of European dominion over that remote territory wond

scarcely imperit Republican institutions on

another continent 100 degrees of Intitude to the

north. Mr. Roid would adhere to the doctrine, as I understand him, and enforce it wherever our own interests demand its enforcement, and

nation is of its own. The American who asks are to be judges of those interests, as every more than that does not ask it as an American. Then comes the question, What are we to do

an American Commission, and threatening to thought the newest extension of the Monroe expel the British from any territory assigned by in 1843 The historical basis of it was the is traced President Polk To return to the commercial knowledge need-

lis Commission to Venezuela. And yet evoD ed by a consdiar officer, how is this to be attained without interfering with his general education Mr. Cleveland was thought by the extremists and age of admission into the service? Iren to have polluted the parity of the trus faith, ture to think that the desired result would be for he conceded the right of Venezuela to attained by trying the plan I bave already surrender territory to Great Britain by amicable suggested. Taking the average age of entoring agreement. The extremists protected that not the service as about 20, a junior on his first son by amicable agreement could any foot of as to pass into the possession of an European knowledge of official mattere. He would have

To Caba the doctrine was never assisted to compile the returns for his senior's Power. trade report, and wanld thus gain some slight applicable, because Monres expressly declared knowledge of commercial matters. I suggest that "with the existing colonies or dependencies that at the end of his furlough, just before of any European Power we have not interfered returning to his datics in Chias, he should and shall not interfere. We made war upon Turning to Mongolia, the Contemporary writer

pass six months as the guest of the principal Spaia ve other grounds, and for ressons says-The Hongolian question, it is curious to my, is hardly known oren to Western

provincial chambers of commerce, during which sufficient to us. diplomatiste. It does not bring on, indeed,

ims he should busy himself in gaining an immediate problems of sommercial rivalry, nor

insight into commercial methods and require monts and giving addresses to the chambers and does it offer any opportunity of causing serious is that the Government has been justified But in a number of provinces the land tax is reration to Russia. It is, however, from the in going ahead immediately to restock the being properly paid. In some lustances we interviewing the leading firms, imparting as purely political point of view, at least as in-islande with draft animals all of which are bave found it advisable to allow the farmers much knowledge and information as he possesses portant as the troublesome Manchurian puzzle. properly inconlated against the discade. We more time, because of poor crops following a on native ways, and requirements. This being tide of what was still called Monrosism. It Russia had been practically prepared for her have purchasing ogeuls out in the Yangiste long period of agricultural etagmation. "With { manifestly for the benefit of British trade, there would have startled Monroe, and startled his I will quote Mr. Reid's answer as an example expansion over Mongolis ever since 1898. valley, in China, and at Hongkong, and eles the exception of a very few of the provinces the should be no difficulty in arranging with the Secretary of State, Mr. Jebu Quincy. Adams,

One British entire Philippine islands will in normal timo bo Foreign Office about the extra leave and with Mongolia has always been the great road of where, buying water-buffalo. conquerers to China. The modern great road of contractor, who furnished a bond of $5,000 to self-supporting for all the requirements of the chambers about the expenses of the consular conquest, of course, was to be a railway. And supply us with a large number of animals provincial and municipal government, by the officer's trip and sojourn as their guest. At this railway question was the starting-point of properly inoculated, forfeited his boud, rather collection of the land and other local taxes and each successive furlough he will have gained one of the most gigantie farces ever concocted than try to fulfil his contrast. He was losing

much valuable knowledge, commercial as well $7 per cent of the caribae by inoculation. Other

as official, and if the system suggested were well in history,

We have no space to follow. Dr. Ular's des- owners of these cattle requested that our experts

sarried out, by the time he might expect an cription of Russia's policy, by which the be sent over to inoculate with our seram.

appointment as acting consul he would really be in a position to push the interests of his Mongols were dotached from China and led to Agents from a distance have come to inspect our methods and learn the reason for the low

countrymen in England as well as in China, look up to Hussin for protection, while a

and be on even terms with his colleagues the Bouthern tribe was made to play the same role death-rate in our administration of the plague on the Hunhases in Manchuria, Finally, on preventive,

pashing consale of America, Japan, and the 19th February, 1901, the Mongols New

Germany, which, I venture to say, the average Year's Day, the pacific conquest of Mongolia

British consul at present in not. obtained a definitivo and festive publis retifoz. are really needed by the resident formers, and Service, as so far as the service in the Far Easts from a very much broader point of view than shriek of horror. Does he mean to make the guidance the Secretary of Stato, with consam.

We learn from minor officials in the

tion. Yet Russia, contrary to what might have been supposed, is not watert with her notual the Spanish registe, a water buffalo was worth srocess; aba wan's to have it acknowledge by her aufortunate friends, the Mauchu Dynasty, and, implicitly, by her disuppointed rivals. The accessory dequod which Russia addressed recently to Chins, together with the two famous conditions concerning Manchuria, are in reality nothing but a demand of ratification of indepen. dence of the Mongol Kians, implying.of course, Russian suzerainty."

is

quote now the conclusion of Dr. Ular's article. Europe's just fear of a general war Russia's best weapon, he says. If this war must be avoided and no European can have any

the funds derived from castoms dues and internal pronas taxes will be available for westing the running expenses of the inanlar Cavernment and for carrying out extensiva public improvements."

In fact, the question should now be regarded

Pacific an American lake?"

B

when our South American friends expect us to help them in repudiating their debts or in "resisting" the enforced" payment of them? of his practical way of looking at things: probably the true author of the policy and of Buch turbulent and revolutionary Govern- the Message. But Mr. Roosevelt, sobered and ments commit offences against foreigners; sometimes injure forsiga residents, sometimes anlightened by the immense responsibilities of affront or injure foreign vessels in their waters, sometimes ran in debt and fail to pay. What the Presidency, restated bis convictions in

then? Is the Monroe Doctrine or, still more, the Messages to Congress and otherwise, in a mere

Polk Doctrine, to be construed into an inter moderate; form. I refer to Buffalo only as

national bankruptcy Act, to begnforced by the stage in the development of the doctrine. United States for the benefit of any American Still, even Mr. Roosevelt's messages are not the Republic against all European creditors? Or, last word on this momentous subject. Till Mr. on the other hand, is it to degenerate into an international collection agency, maintained by Raid spoke at New, Haven, the latest, though the United States for the benefit of Enro THE CONSULAR SERVICE IN

certainly not the final, word was uttered on the pean Powers which may have just claims THE FAR EAST.

Pacific Coast, where twice over the President against American Repubiles? In à recent conspicnons case the President has very pro Mr. W. Holland writes as follows on the

announced that the United States were to be porly and wisely given a practical negative various provinces what number of water-batiale recently isnned report respecting the Consular

dominant over the Pacific Ocean. Berlin set up to both these questions; bile under bis

then we attempt to supply the demand. Under especially China, is concerned :-

The President mate skill, has secured the precedent that European Powera first procare gur consent As regards our Europesa consular service, has hitherto been customary. Taking our meant, of course, no such thing, but it is entirely before attempting to collect debts by force ou 10 or 20 pesos, but recently if rolne has in there might perhaps bo no cilmatic objections finely organised consular service in China, characteristic of the present fluid condition of these continents and then only on their promise creased to anywhere from 126 16 200 pesos. to young men firat receiving four or five years consisting of come eighty well-educated men of the whole subject that German publicists, among not to take territory. Perhaps it is also an We are selling the imported plugas-proof commercial training, and then starting as late all grades and ages, I fear it has become the the most excitable of mou, should have supposed, useful precedent, secured at the same time, that

prove worth the candle." water-buffalo to the natives at 85 pesos a sa 27 years of aga as consular juniors. It is not custom to regard this service as mainly devoted or have thought proper to say, that the Presider conditions the gasas does not And, carrying the enquiry a step further, Mr head, which is just at cost. Without very clear whether the Committes suggest this to the interests of the missionaries, and the dent was extending the Mouros Doctrine all

Reid asks what alternative is foft. Apparently work animals, the farmors were unable course for other than the Europeen service. If it for British merchants in China. Why should over that almost limitless sea.

Dature being what

none, except to follow and maintain the to plough their fields for the all-imporis auggested also for the Siam, Chins, and Japan this be so? Human

Amid all those complications and contradic-precedent just established with reference to reason that the tautrice-crop, and without crops there services, I fear there would be many objections it is, it stands to

tions Me. Roid, ignoring most of them, steers au Venezuela on one side and to Great Britain and would naturally be 5 tendency among the to such an experiment. In the first place, chants already established in the country adroit course. The very existence of them is Germany on the other. If we go beyond that, if we insist on the jingo view, pushing the natives to subsist lawlessly off the gentry from the climatic point of view, it would be do not want any more competitors, whether the best justification of his attempt, and there doctrina far, bayond national interests, we shril which would result in frequent disturbance of inadvisable to start a man of 27 as a consular fellow coduirymen or not, and would not is perhaps no more adroit form of dialectics than some day find ourselves in the position of having public eorder. In making this serum and junior to work his way up through all the willingly assit, any scheme by which others that which consists iu not appearing to be aware

grades-38 ho should do to it i'm for his final than thems as would gain. But if it is of the obvious. Mr. Reid is content, first of all fight in a quarrel which is no quarrel of ours

Better cons

consider responsibilities as coneul-such rank not to be considered that China is a country composed of to generalise, and to generalise with discrestnosa, eighteou provinces (excluding Manchuria), some we have gone a long way toward removing attained, perhaps, till he was well on in the of which are as large and populous as Frames Then be takes up and lays before his New Haver

Lost the Germans or any othe

any, others should mia- ane cause of popular arest and discontent. forties. Few of our consuls in the Far East it must be admitted that there is ample room audience the two most sharply dissoutient forms

find that they can continue their work long after for all, and it in a most important matter that the doctrine. Finally, he considers what understand the tree meaning of these views, I quote one other passage To the average 50 years of age, and under the saggested system this enormous potential market should be opened novelty the immediate future is likely to offer: American the Monroe Doctrine seems so natural

up and all possible knowledge of its require us, and how the ever-multiplying perplexities of and necessary that he is always surprised the country would, therefore, have their services ments and possibilities convayed to OZI as consuls for little more than six or seven merchants in England: And this can be done the case are to be met. To do that, and to do it the surprise with which the pretension is rogarded by Europe. Not one of our citizens years at most.

by improving our already excellent consular lucidly, with equal force and good sense, is t

out of a thousand has any doubt of its propriety And further, if a young man is working service in some such way as I have ventured to perform a high public service; the higher be and of our duty to maintain it. The slightest canse Mr. Heid is, for the moment, so for out of show of foreign opposition would call a practi- seriously in a commercial office he will have no

public life that he holds no official position. It cally unanimous country to its defence."

When to that is added the fact that Great time to spare for preparing for examination, while the four or five years so passed will be

TEW and easy method of learning French takes courage to do this. The Monroe doctrine Britain, speaking by the mouth of Mr. Balfour, just enough to allow him to forget most of what

has become interwoven with American concep. tions of international law and poliny. It is an Monroe doctrine, dissenting Powers, if any, he learned at school. He would therefore be

American doctrine, and the American who have before them very good means of deciding unable to pass the examination, or the latter

whether they may more wisely resist or ventures to enquire whether the popular acquiesce in a policy supported by the whole would have to be made so perfunctory that we

notion of it is the true ond takes his English-speaking world." should get quite an inferior olsas of men, as

stamping ont the disease at once and under-

taking to restock the island with draft animals

doubt about the disastrons effect of this awful contingency, especially on the fate of the highly civilised commercial nations of the West-if

"One thing I wish to say is that there cau- peace in to To maintained above all things, the present Mancha-Mongolian affair will doubtloss not be a serious famine in the Philippine leave the Western Powers in a somewhat islands. The Government has its own sips, ridiculons pition; the auti-Russins, and it and has stored at Manila for an emergency must be the anti-European popular a very large stock of rice. Any district that disposition in Japan is likely to increase; might be threatened with famino could be Chinese internal administration, and, promptly supplied with food, and rice to the above all, the egoistic and nusoru Filipino bread. While the Government has no palous olass of origing mandarins, will intention to thwart private enterprise, it has inore and more reckon with Russia's influence found it advisable lay in this big supply of at Court, and the commercial Powers will rice to prevent attempts to corner the rice supply become aware that their methods of economic of the islands, and have the poor at a disadvan- expansion in China hitherto, employed are Inge, in time of need. This Government supply

longer sufficient:

Railway policy is not to be used in competition with legitimate

the

110

suggest.

LESSONS" IN FRENCH.

mer-

by & Frenchman. Terms very moderate,

Also Lessons in English by an English Lady,

B. E., Care of Office of this Paper. Hongkong, 16th May, 1903. .

1930

to recede from these extreme pretensions, or to

and does

not affect any American

case arines.

that

Mr.

mya Mr. Horn,

Heil,

interest.

before the

at