1953-08-21 — Page 4

THE CHINA MAIL] FRIDAY, AUGUST 21, 1953.

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HOW EFFICIENT ARE

B

THE

night and by day the

from road Moscow to Simfero-

pol, in the Crimea, echoes to the noise of heavy lorries. But, however vari- ed and valuable the freight, every lorry always carries one load in addition-its Nobody supply of petrol.

ever ventures on the road without spare petrol.

the

RUSSIANS?

By Hugo Dewar

Hugo Dower, independent political writer, is a specialist in Eastern European affairs, and in Soviet plans and mothods. His book, "Assassins at Large" (London, 1951) is a dramatic and well-documented account of political murders carried out in the non- Communist world on instructions of the G.P.U.

base," so 12 stores were mobilised."

ussistants

were

The

saving petrol and tyres, and for

Непос avolding repairs.

the smaller the load, the greater the chance of a bonus)

and

The Danger

To Finland

THE

By FRED MANOR

Helsinki. Inflated Finnish economy cannot

THE Finnish Treasury compete.

has exhausted her. re competitive, I would be neces- To render Finnish Industry Surves, and the country is sary to reduce production costs

in grave danger of falling by 30 percent and to devaluate prey to Soviet economic the Finnish mark, But production blandishments, and

costs cannot be reduced without thus

lowering both wages and taxes, being drawn within the

and such cuts would be imt satellite orbit.

mediately reflected in the doun- try's standard of living.

is, of course,, next to

The present crisis in Hel- sinki, although its nature

harsh

$131-

austerity regime in a

is primarily economic, has possible to try to reimpose a a strong undercurrent of country which borders onio political dangers, which Soviet Union, which has a well-

the

which only has extricated herself ticlans no longer dismiss as from the Communist etuiches, and then only by the skin of

even among

Communist most cautious organized and the Finnish poli- cently

mere "exaggerations."

The coalition Government, her feeth. which slood for the main sec- tional interests in the country,

At a loss

FR-

those of the peasants by the NO. wonder, then, that the political leaders here are at Agrarian Party and those of

labour organised in the Finnish a loss as to where an answer to Labour Party, has broken up. the problem is to be found. And No Party is at present anxious time is pressing, since all con- to embark upon a

a series of un- tracts for the purchase of wood popular meannes, and so leo and made by the woodworking The indlustry In autumn, and these pardise its political future, fact that administrative elections contracts are the basis of the are due .this

and country's economie ure. autumn,

a large number of the general elections at the latest next spring, is naturally strongly down "for holidays." But many orking plants are elcard

plants have made it clear that they do

not intend to reopen, with a reduced perzonnel. Tuo

influencing the political think- ing here.

But the crisis, which has now erupted in full force, has been while others may reopen but brewing for quite a long time.

managements maintain that they have been 'selflag`at à_lost 10 Canadian and Swedish

meet

economy. At present, the only way but

currency by at Devaluation percent.

Reserves Gone ALREADY In 1952 Finland used

up most of her foreign cur- Competition, and that also their rency reserves which she had ac- reserves are now exhausted,

This means

large-scale un- during the boom cumulated

employment which is bound to years that followed the outbreaks spread to many other branches of the Korean War. At the out of Finland's set of the present year the Finnish Treasury was left with

1 of the impasse is by devaluating reserve amounting to no more the Finish than £19 million. In June theso Icast 60 reserves were down to £1 would bring Finnish prices in million. The attempt to reduce line with foreign competition, imports to

£132 million (as

Meanwhile the Soviet Union against

£200 million in 1952) has not been idle. Soviet trade has falled, so far, and at the same delegations have been

sweetly time the value of Finland's ex- reasonable, and Fiziland was ports has continued to fail.

able to enter into a number of is suffering three-comered barter Actually, Finland

agree- from a delayed shock, caused by ments. Finnish

mainly her war losses. So far, she has

goods, Ahips

engineering been

cushioned against this products, are being sold to the shock by full employment, in- Soviet Union, and paid for will Austrian oll, and duced by the "war reparations" Polleh coal, exacted by the Soviet Union, as Hungarian wheat. well as by the buyers market for newsprint and pulp, which prevalled in the Western world until the end of 1951,

the Now the deliveries of "reparations" have been com

world while is a little plated,

prices have found their natural lovel at which the artificially

The Editorial Board of Litera- turnaya Gozeta regards all these criticisms as completely justified. It concludes that if the direc- tives of the 10th Party Congress are to be fuißlled and motor transport increased by 30 to 85 percent during the current Five-Year Plan, then an end must bo put to present wastage If this

exceptional,

lack of organisation. For It is a troublesome load.

writes Seryakov, it would not the state of affairs described in It hardly seems possible that as in well known, one thing,

worth The lorries reached Rogachevo be

mentioning. It is inflammable; and for an-

at midday; and there, at the

Literaturaya Gazeta other,

trouble is that the whole system exist in a country so boastful of cuns have been

can really warehouse of the District Con- known to leak. Moreover, the

of recording the work of trans- its superiority in organisational main drawback of this system sumer Goods Co-operative, they

port drivers, their pay and matters. But there it is; one found 02 lorries and 212 loaders, is the

that they take up mucn-

While waiting their turn to load bonuses, has been worked out must take the paper's word for needed space.

Kolkhoz farmers

the up, the various lorry crews in such a way that all they are it Crimea, for instance, carry from passed the time away in the interested in is in bringing back In the circumstances, there

local of 500 kilogrammes

cinema, at the public the smallest load possible. The would appear to be no insuper- pelrol with them when they

hey library, or with game of cards, basie wage depends on mileage able obstacle to increasing the Moscow. That 10 to

U.S.S.R. four o'clock in the afternoons done, irrespective of other fac- work done by the means By Dit their ordinary carrying it was the turn of the potato tors, and additional pay for transport industry, not by 80 or in reduced by some lorries from Moscow to load up. tonnage is so small that it is 85 percent, but by 200 percent. capacity

500 kilogrammes. They got back to Moscow at hardly worth considering. 400 10

„A All” that is needed Multiply this by thousands and midnight,

far bigger bonus la given for commonsense. you have an idea of the yearly cost to the Soviet State in freight losses.

400

from

EXAMPLE

ERYAKOV quoted

another

1. Scryakov, a Moscow trans- part official, in a recent issue driver as saying that it had always been like this as far as oi Literaturnays Gazeto, (No.

A driver 70; June 13, 1963), reports that he could remember.

always take his loaders something has

done must now been

It is the same for all

"to"remedy this state of affairs.—wherever_organisations,

ali

"Order forms" have been in- troduced, on

of over the country; the loaders the strength

hours reclining in the which, in theory, petrol stations waste

backs of lorries or hanging supply the lorries with petrol. The only trouble, he says, is about in queues. how to get hold of one of the shop wanting

Thus, for a a typical example, forms.

Editorial

Hourd

#

kilogrammes

The first man

on the moon

is alive TODAY

CHAPMAN PINCHER reports that the scientists

have a deadline for the Columbus of Space-1980.

*Zurich.

mete 500 The

of salted Ash had to send with the driver an agent Gazeta strongly and Literaturnaya

loader to collect it. All backs up Seryakov's complaint. The facts cited, it writes, are three twiddled their thumbs for to six hours in front of the proof of an inexcusable lack of five planning and organisation. fish combine depot.

Again the Editorial Board When there are so many ex-

Yet, It cellent petrol stations all along supporte Seryakov.

out, some progressive this motor road, why should points

units have alreadyHE first man to step on to the surface transport lorry drivers have to take their lared a trail to more efficient

THE

of the moon has already been born. own supply with them?

methods. The Moscow Muni-That is the belief of responsible scientists cipal Soviet, for instance,

here in Zorich who have just ended an discovered the so-called

international conference on space travel. "To the moon by 1980" is a realistic engineering project, the scientists say.

Television cameras will be an essen-

REDUNDANT

has

INFORTUNATELY, these tralised method of transport,"

run

petrol stations are all which consists simply in mak-

by the Chief

Adminis- ing the supplier responsible for tration of the Ministry

of loading and the receiver respon- Transport, and

to sible for unloading. they refuse

that

this

Trunx

C.

MOON MAN Who's first

much

that such projects are nearer to reality than the scien-

sell petrol to any lorries, but It is already in use for six tial part of the moon-rocket's scientific their own. They refuse because types of goods. If we take only equipment, to send back to earth pictures -the Ministry of Transport and three of these bricks, coal of the lunar landscape. And there seems

Chief Petrol

Selling Agency metal we find cannot agree on the nature of method has set free for other to be no reason why every TV network in the form that should be used to work 4,700 loaders, agents and the world should not be tuned in to this record the amount of petrol and drivers. Unfortunately this ad- "greatest show off earth." petrol products sold to each vanced method is spreading Inteed, U.S. Navy rocket

Commander R. only slowly, the Editorial Board expert Government department.

They do, it is true, sell to the fee is a further matter that malce the entertaiment value of

urged the conference to tists were able to reveal.

Many of the leading ex- owners of private cars, but this

ponents of space-travel are does not seem to add much to needs looking inta, writes the expedition a means of raising

working on secret rocket the business done, for the ques- Seryakov, Consider the fal- money for it.

lorries pet off tion of closing some of the lowing. Two

"In the comfort of their living weapons and were able only to

hint at what is possible. stations as redundant is already from Moscow to collect pole rooms millions will be able to under discussion.

In ten years Says the toes. One returns fuil, the ride a rocket into outer space, Editorial Board: far from closing other empty. Whose journey watch the earth from a distance

ISTEN (O Dr. Werner von down those stations, their num- is the more profitable? On the of a thousand miles.

L Brault, the ex-German (how ber ought to be increased, face of it, the first lorry has

"A

space-flight programme American) V2 inventor:- mode д profitable could be obviously

represents the greatest Surely the problem

"I am more and more colved very simply, by rubber journey, while the second has tainment buy of the century. vinced, that in 10 to 15 years we

It By buying a 'season ticket' in stamping the forms, for instance. not. But this is not how

can have not only a The Editorial Board's faith in works out in practice.

advance at a cost of about 10s. rocket circling the earth but rubber stamps is rather touch

pertaxpayer

manned #1 average citizen could have a station." ringside seat at one of the He warned that tmyel in

ing. In any case, such a

tion could hardly be applied to

JUSTIFIED..

per

enter-

year-the

another complaint raised by ΟΝ N May 17, 1953, two drivers greatest adventures of all time

to .bo

To

perhaps

con-

manne

space-

outer space is so near that the Russians may achievo it first if the Western Powers relax their

rocket research.

If the West does keep its lead, what chance is there that thờ

left Moscow for Flogovo Seryakov, For, from his ac- village. Driver Denisov brought

Bost sites count, it appears

the custom for lorry drivers to take back two tons of potatoes; Driver

THE with them, In addillon to their Petrov returned empty-handed. scientists even discussed But when they were paid aft, the best launching sites for petrol. n varying number of loaders and unloaders.

Denisov received 29 roubles 85 the first rocket ship.

Prefabricated parts of a per- arst man on the moon will bo kopeka, and Petrov 35 roubles illustrate this practice ho quoted 10 kopeks,

manent space-station, to circle a Brilon? the following.

The U.S. is ahead in research Fitteen tons of potatoes had the reader will ask,

"How do you make that out?" the earth like an artificial moon

Quita 500 miles up, could be projected on glant rockets, but, with the to be transported from

of Empire rocket project in Aus- village of Rogachevo to the sav get 28 r. 10 k. for the the

the simple, replies Seryakov. Deni- Into the sky, the scientists

British Interplanetary tralia. gathering momentum, Kirov district of Moscow. Four mileage, plus 98 k. for the load Society claimed.

there is a fair chance that the Men could then be sent up in British may yet beat the Ameri- big 218-100 lorries stood ready of potatoce carried. Petrov at 3 am, to move off, but their likewise received 28 r, Go K. rocket-ships to fasten the parts cans to flight in outer space. drivers would not leave until for mikage, but as he came together. The building would be It was certainly clear from they were given loaders, be back empty he did not get the held up in space by the same this conference that all the best cause, they sold, in Rogachevo extra. 85. k. for potatoes. He forces which prevent the moon postwar ideas on the way to there was no one to do this job. got bonus of 6. r. 20 k. for falling.

accomplish a flight to the moon No help could be spared from "economising on - petrol.. and Far-fetched stuff? Yes, but I have originated in Bafilsh the Asacow *greengrocery wear and tear on the tyres!" left this conference convinced brains,

market

POCKET CARTOON by OSBERT LANCASTER

"There are times when one can't help wondering about the genuineness of Brother Ignatius's vocation,”-

and other

Serious problem

A

LARGE part of Finland's essential supplies is now coming from the Eastern, bloc, and Soviet orders keep the Fin

ish engineering industry in full employment. This industry was incidentally expanded to twice Its prewar

size

produce for 10 "reparations" goods Soviet Union.

to

As long a Finland had her reserves of foreign currenej, this trend in her trade was not particularly dangerous. Any at- tempts-at-interfering with Fin-. land's economy could have been countered by purchases from

the West. Today, however, the.

position is different. If Russia should withhold her supplies of cercals, coal oil, Finland

**

would be unable to buy them elsewhere.

If Russia should cancel her the mass unemployment orders,

now threatens the wood-

Industry would im mediately engulf the entre engineering industry, employing some 84,000 men. A serious problem for a nation of four and a half millions.

A serious problem, too, for the Western world-which can-

default not afford to lose by

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