THE CHINA MAIL] FRIDAY, AUGUST 21, 1953.
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World Copyright by arrangement soith the Sfanchester Quardian.
HOW EFFICIENT ARE
B
THE
night and by day the
from road Moscow to Simfero-
pol, in the Crimea, echoes to the noise of heavy lorries. But, however vari- ed and valuable the freight, every lorry always carries one load in addition-its Nobody supply of petrol.
ever ventures on the road without spare petrol.
the
RUSSIANS?
By Hugo Dewar
Hugo Dower, independent political writer, is a specialist in Eastern European affairs, and in Soviet plans and mothods. His book, "Assassins at Large" (London, 1951) is a dramatic and well-documented account of political murders carried out in the non- Communist world on instructions of the G.P.U.
base," so 12 stores were mobilised."
ussistants
were
The
saving petrol and tyres, and for
Непос avolding repairs.
the smaller the load, the greater the chance of a bonus)
and
The Danger
To Finland
THE
By FRED MANOR
Helsinki. Inflated Finnish economy cannot
THE Finnish Treasury compete.
has exhausted her. re competitive, I would be neces- To render Finnish Industry Surves, and the country is sary to reduce production costs
in grave danger of falling by 30 percent and to devaluate prey to Soviet economic the Finnish mark, But production blandishments, and
costs cannot be reduced without thus
lowering both wages and taxes, being drawn within the
and such cuts would be imt satellite orbit.
mediately reflected in the doun- try's standard of living.
is, of course,, next to
The present crisis in Hel- sinki, although its nature
harsh
$131-
austerity regime in a
is primarily economic, has possible to try to reimpose a a strong undercurrent of country which borders onio political dangers, which Soviet Union, which has a well-
the
which only has extricated herself ticlans no longer dismiss as from the Communist etuiches, and then only by the skin of
even among
Communist most cautious organized and the Finnish poli- cently
mere "exaggerations."
The coalition Government, her feeth. which slood for the main sec- tional interests in the country,
At a loss
FR-
those of the peasants by the NO. wonder, then, that the political leaders here are at Agrarian Party and those of
labour organised in the Finnish a loss as to where an answer to Labour Party, has broken up. the problem is to be found. And No Party is at present anxious time is pressing, since all con- to embark upon a
a series of un- tracts for the purchase of wood popular meannes, and so leo and made by the woodworking The indlustry In autumn, and these pardise its political future, fact that administrative elections contracts are the basis of the are due .this
and country's economie ure. autumn,
a large number of the general elections at the latest next spring, is naturally strongly down "for holidays." But many orking plants are elcard
plants have made it clear that they do
not intend to reopen, with a reduced perzonnel. Tuo
influencing the political think- ing here.
But the crisis, which has now erupted in full force, has been while others may reopen but brewing for quite a long time.
managements maintain that they have been 'selflag`at à_lost 10 Canadian and Swedish
meet
economy. At present, the only way but
currency by at Devaluation percent.
Reserves Gone ALREADY In 1952 Finland used
up most of her foreign cur- Competition, and that also their rency reserves which she had ac- reserves are now exhausted,
This means
large-scale un- during the boom cumulated
employment which is bound to years that followed the outbreaks spread to many other branches of the Korean War. At the out of Finland's set of the present year the Finnish Treasury was left with
1 of the impasse is by devaluating reserve amounting to no more the Finish than £19 million. In June theso Icast 60 reserves were down to £1 would bring Finnish prices in million. The attempt to reduce line with foreign competition, imports to
£132 million (as
Meanwhile the Soviet Union against
£200 million in 1952) has not been idle. Soviet trade has falled, so far, and at the same delegations have been
sweetly time the value of Finland's ex- reasonable, and Fiziland was ports has continued to fail.
able to enter into a number of is suffering three-comered barter Actually, Finland
agree- from a delayed shock, caused by ments. Finnish
mainly her war losses. So far, she has
goods, Ahips
engineering been
cushioned against this products, are being sold to the shock by full employment, in- Soviet Union, and paid for will Austrian oll, and duced by the "war reparations" Polleh coal, exacted by the Soviet Union, as Hungarian wheat. well as by the buyers market for newsprint and pulp, which prevalled in the Western world until the end of 1951,
the Now the deliveries of "reparations" have been com
world while is a little plated,
prices have found their natural lovel at which the artificially
The Editorial Board of Litera- turnaya Gozeta regards all these criticisms as completely justified. It concludes that if the direc- tives of the 10th Party Congress are to be fuißlled and motor transport increased by 30 to 85 percent during the current Five-Year Plan, then an end must bo put to present wastage If this
exceptional,
lack of organisation. For It is a troublesome load.
writes Seryakov, it would not the state of affairs described in It hardly seems possible that as in well known, one thing,
worth The lorries reached Rogachevo be
mentioning. It is inflammable; and for an-
at midday; and there, at the
Literaturaya Gazeta other,
trouble is that the whole system exist in a country so boastful of cuns have been
can really warehouse of the District Con- known to leak. Moreover, the
of recording the work of trans- its superiority in organisational main drawback of this system sumer Goods Co-operative, they
port drivers, their pay and matters. But there it is; one found 02 lorries and 212 loaders, is the
that they take up mucn-
While waiting their turn to load bonuses, has been worked out must take the paper's word for needed space.
Kolkhoz farmers
the up, the various lorry crews in such a way that all they are it Crimea, for instance, carry from passed the time away in the interested in is in bringing back In the circumstances, there
local of 500 kilogrammes
cinema, at the public the smallest load possible. The would appear to be no insuper- pelrol with them when they
hey library, or with game of cards, basie wage depends on mileage able obstacle to increasing the Moscow. That 10 to
U.S.S.R. four o'clock in the afternoons done, irrespective of other fac- work done by the means By Dit their ordinary carrying it was the turn of the potato tors, and additional pay for transport industry, not by 80 or in reduced by some lorries from Moscow to load up. tonnage is so small that it is 85 percent, but by 200 percent. capacity
500 kilogrammes. They got back to Moscow at hardly worth considering. 400 10
„A All” that is needed Multiply this by thousands and midnight,
far bigger bonus la given for commonsense. you have an idea of the yearly cost to the Soviet State in freight losses.
400
from
EXAMPLE
ERYAKOV quoted
another
1. Scryakov, a Moscow trans- part official, in a recent issue driver as saying that it had always been like this as far as oi Literaturnays Gazeto, (No.
A driver 70; June 13, 1963), reports that he could remember.
always take his loaders something has
done must now been
It is the same for all
"to"remedy this state of affairs.—wherever_organisations,
ali
"Order forms" have been in- troduced, on
of over the country; the loaders the strength
hours reclining in the which, in theory, petrol stations waste
backs of lorries or hanging supply the lorries with petrol. The only trouble, he says, is about in queues. how to get hold of one of the shop wanting
Thus, for a a typical example, forms.
Editorial
Hourd
#
kilogrammes
The first man
on the moon
is alive TODAY
CHAPMAN PINCHER reports that the scientists
have a deadline for the Columbus of Space-1980.
*Zurich.
mete 500 The
of salted Ash had to send with the driver an agent Gazeta strongly and Literaturnaya
loader to collect it. All backs up Seryakov's complaint. The facts cited, it writes, are three twiddled their thumbs for to six hours in front of the proof of an inexcusable lack of five planning and organisation. fish combine depot.
Again the Editorial Board When there are so many ex-
Yet, It cellent petrol stations all along supporte Seryakov.
out, some progressive this motor road, why should points
units have alreadyHE first man to step on to the surface transport lorry drivers have to take their lared a trail to more efficient
THE
of the moon has already been born. own supply with them?
methods. The Moscow Muni-That is the belief of responsible scientists cipal Soviet, for instance,
here in Zorich who have just ended an discovered the so-called
international conference on space travel. "To the moon by 1980" is a realistic engineering project, the scientists say.
Television cameras will be an essen-
REDUNDANT
has
INFORTUNATELY, these tralised method of transport,"
run
petrol stations are all which consists simply in mak-
by the Chief
Adminis- ing the supplier responsible for tration of the Ministry
of loading and the receiver respon- Transport, and
to sible for unloading. they refuse
that
this
Trunx
C.
MOON MAN Who's first
much
that such projects are nearer to reality than the scien-
sell petrol to any lorries, but It is already in use for six tial part of the moon-rocket's scientific their own. They refuse because types of goods. If we take only equipment, to send back to earth pictures -the Ministry of Transport and three of these bricks, coal of the lunar landscape. And there seems
Chief Petrol
Selling Agency metal we find cannot agree on the nature of method has set free for other to be no reason why every TV network in the form that should be used to work 4,700 loaders, agents and the world should not be tuned in to this record the amount of petrol and drivers. Unfortunately this ad- "greatest show off earth." petrol products sold to each vanced method is spreading Inteed, U.S. Navy rocket
Commander R. only slowly, the Editorial Board expert Government department.
They do, it is true, sell to the fee is a further matter that malce the entertaiment value of
urged the conference to tists were able to reveal.
Many of the leading ex- owners of private cars, but this
ponents of space-travel are does not seem to add much to needs looking inta, writes the expedition a means of raising
working on secret rocket the business done, for the ques- Seryakov, Consider the fal- money for it.
lorries pet off tion of closing some of the lowing. Two
"In the comfort of their living weapons and were able only to
hint at what is possible. stations as redundant is already from Moscow to collect pole rooms millions will be able to under discussion.
In ten years Says the toes. One returns fuil, the ride a rocket into outer space, Editorial Board: far from closing other empty. Whose journey watch the earth from a distance
ISTEN (O Dr. Werner von down those stations, their num- is the more profitable? On the of a thousand miles.
L Brault, the ex-German (how ber ought to be increased, face of it, the first lorry has
"A
space-flight programme American) V2 inventor:- mode д profitable could be obviously
represents the greatest Surely the problem
"I am more and more colved very simply, by rubber journey, while the second has tainment buy of the century. vinced, that in 10 to 15 years we
It By buying a 'season ticket' in stamping the forms, for instance. not. But this is not how
can have not only a The Editorial Board's faith in works out in practice.
advance at a cost of about 10s. rocket circling the earth but rubber stamps is rather touch
pertaxpayer
manned #1 average citizen could have a station." ringside seat at one of the He warned that tmyel in
ing. In any case, such a
tion could hardly be applied to
JUSTIFIED..
per
enter-
year-the
another complaint raised by ΟΝ N May 17, 1953, two drivers greatest adventures of all time
to .bo
To
perhaps
con-
manne
space-
outer space is so near that the Russians may achievo it first if the Western Powers relax their
rocket research.
If the West does keep its lead, what chance is there that thờ
left Moscow for Flogovo Seryakov, For, from his ac- village. Driver Denisov brought
Bost sites count, it appears
the custom for lorry drivers to take back two tons of potatoes; Driver
THE with them, In addillon to their Petrov returned empty-handed. scientists even discussed But when they were paid aft, the best launching sites for petrol. n varying number of loaders and unloaders.
Denisov received 29 roubles 85 the first rocket ship.
Prefabricated parts of a per- arst man on the moon will bo kopeka, and Petrov 35 roubles illustrate this practice ho quoted 10 kopeks,
manent space-station, to circle a Brilon? the following.
The U.S. is ahead in research Fitteen tons of potatoes had the reader will ask,
"How do you make that out?" the earth like an artificial moon
Quita 500 miles up, could be projected on glant rockets, but, with the to be transported from
of Empire rocket project in Aus- village of Rogachevo to the sav get 28 r. 10 k. for the the
the simple, replies Seryakov. Deni- Into the sky, the scientists
British Interplanetary tralia. gathering momentum, Kirov district of Moscow. Four mileage, plus 98 k. for the load Society claimed.
there is a fair chance that the Men could then be sent up in British may yet beat the Ameri- big 218-100 lorries stood ready of potatoce carried. Petrov at 3 am, to move off, but their likewise received 28 r, Go K. rocket-ships to fasten the parts cans to flight in outer space. drivers would not leave until for mikage, but as he came together. The building would be It was certainly clear from they were given loaders, be back empty he did not get the held up in space by the same this conference that all the best cause, they sold, in Rogachevo extra. 85. k. for potatoes. He forces which prevent the moon postwar ideas on the way to there was no one to do this job. got bonus of 6. r. 20 k. for falling.
accomplish a flight to the moon No help could be spared from "economising on - petrol.. and Far-fetched stuff? Yes, but I have originated in Bafilsh the Asacow *greengrocery wear and tear on the tyres!" left this conference convinced brains,
market
POCKET CARTOON by OSBERT LANCASTER
"There are times when one can't help wondering about the genuineness of Brother Ignatius's vocation,”-
and other
Serious problem
A
LARGE part of Finland's essential supplies is now coming from the Eastern, bloc, and Soviet orders keep the Fin
ish engineering industry in full employment. This industry was incidentally expanded to twice Its prewar
size
produce for 10 "reparations" goods Soviet Union.
to
As long a Finland had her reserves of foreign currenej, this trend in her trade was not particularly dangerous. Any at- tempts-at-interfering with Fin-. land's economy could have been countered by purchases from
the West. Today, however, the.
position is different. If Russia should withhold her supplies of cercals, coal oil, Finland
**
would be unable to buy them elsewhere.
If Russia should cancel her the mass unemployment orders,
now threatens the wood-
Industry would im mediately engulf the entre engineering industry, employing some 84,000 men. A serious problem for a nation of four and a half millions.
A serious problem, too, for the Western world-which can-
default not afford to lose by
Fanother of its outposts.
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