1951-10-12 — Page 4

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THE CHINA MAIL, FRIDAY, OCTOBER · 12,- 1951.

R. M. MacColl's

American Column

Dixie is a boom

NEW YORK.

last

ALLANT

tattered Confederate

stands,

in

flags

down going glorious defeat, and the

band playing "Dixie"

this is the picture usually conjured up when America's South fs referred militarily.

to

changed.

Accompanied by Mra Churchill and hig youngest daughter, Mary, Mr Churchill left the Clyde in the Queen Mary on Aug. 5, 1943, to attend the Québec conference — "Quadrant." The prin. cipal subjects for dis- cussion were the existing Mediterranean Britain's campaign, share in the struggle against Japan, and the cross-Channel design for 1944-"Overlord.”

"CLOSING THE RING" – CHAPTER FIVE

PLANNING THE WAR

ON THE HIGH SEAS

By Winston Churchill

1

prv-

Eisenhower, commanding the sufficiently remote from the floating breakwaters was United States forces in Britain. main strength of the enemy. posed. For this purpose several were being considered, At the Casablanca Conference The port of Cherbourg could be devices

among them one to create a bar- could be rier to wave action by means of HAD reserved the in- in January, 1943, it was decided Isolated and captured early in

to set up an Allied Inter-Ser- the operation. Brest But times have

a continuous screen of air bub- terlude which a five vice Staff under a British officer outflanked and taken later. The South, which in the past

bles discharged frem pipts laid days' voyage pre to prepare a definite plan for

All the coast between Havre and on the sea-bed. It was hoped Jew decades has rapidly over-

the consi- "Overlord." This group began sented for

L Cherbourg was of course defend this screen would break up and hauled the North in industrial

is task in London under becoming deration of our long-wrought Gen F.E, Morgan, with the ed with expansion,

absorb the rhythm of uk up and America's arsenal.

plans for this supreme short title of "Cossac" Ever since the last war the operation of crossing the of Staff Supreme Allied Com- bour capable of sustaining a large South has been America's first Channel. Study on an ever. mander).

expanding scale had gone

military

re- the

choice field for search. And now, says Southern Association of Science Government Industry d

thousands research backed by

of millions of dollars is rebuild- ing the economy of the region.

Says Its Conway:

director, McKinley

(Chler boxes, concrete foris and pill-

army in this 50-mlie half-moon Another of sandy beaches it was thought that the Germans would not as device semble large forces in immediate support of the sea-front.

Their High Command had no

The first question was where forward since the struggles a landing in force could best be There were several op- on the coasts of Norway made.

or Belgien coast: the Pas de Calats; be- and France in 1940, and we ons: the Dutch

to whole had learned much about tween the mouths of the Somune doubt said to themselves, "This

and the

ndy: is a good sector for raids up Seine; Normandy amphibious war.

Britany. Each of thes: had its ten or twenty thousand men, but own advantages and disadvan- unless Cherbourg is taken tages, which had to be weighed working order no army in any way equal to the lask of an in- up under a whole set of differ

vasion can be tanded or nourish ent headings and varying, same-

ed. It is a coast for a raid, but part times uncertain, factors.

not for wider operations," only there were harbours which could nourish great armies, here was the front on which to strike.

"There is ample evidence that the greatest economic benefit of all lies in the development of new technological skills among the people of the region."

one

BACK TO WORK

else after their holidays come nine men in Washington. the members of the Court.

10r

TICING A

serene

like any

suminei

The Combined

Operations Organisation which I had then set up under my friend Adml, of the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes had

all-important played on

and created a new technique In

of these the principal were October, 1941. Admi. Keyes was succeeded by Capt. Lord Louis beaches, weather and tides; sites

We Mountbatten.

still for constructing airfields; length were and our only ally, of voyage; nearby ports that the hinterland for subsequent

of cover harbours operations; provision by home-based aircraft; enemy dispositions, their minefields and defences.

hard-premed near to defeat. could be captured; the nature of

Russia. important Nevertheless, I had resolved to

They are ve

an invasion of the prepare for Supreme

Continent when the tide should turn. First we had to increase the intensity and scope of our raids, and then translate all this experience into something much

more massive.

Normandy gave

Their decisions, always momentous in their impact on American justice, are nowadays with social problems. For over matters of straight and above

When Mountbatten visited me best hope legal fact they now increasingly

B Chequers before taking up find themselves faced with more his new duties I told him, ac-

"You THE choice easily narrowed to subtle decisions-things affect-

THE

Nor ing the spirit, such as Commun-cording to his account,

are to plan for the offensive. In the Pas de Calais or isco, and things which can make

your headquarters you will mandy. The former gave us the America,

never think defensively." This shorter sea passage and the best such as race relations and rights governed his actions. To provide air cover, but here the defences authority were the most formidable. Gen. him with the necessary One of the top problems to be his task he had been made a Morgan and his advisers recom-

Should allens be u

40251 disposed of:

the Normandy

first had been gooled without ball during de-member of the Chiefs of Staff mended

the acting rank which from the Committee, with

Mountbatten. by portation proceedings

of Vice-Admiral and equivalent advocated Attorney-General feels they are honorary rank in the other There can be no doubt now that

Services.

As Minister of De- this decision was sound. fence I retained personal res- INSTINCTponsibility for his headquarters, of Americans is to "junk" and thus he reported direct to (throw

article, nway) an

or me whenever necessary "trade it in" for a new

one. rather than try to get it repair- ed. There is a good reason for this. I got an estimate for re- pairing FI chair. Estimate: £17 Cost of a brand new chair: £12

too

be dangerous to

liberty? $17.50

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"WINGS OF THE WORLD'S GREATEST 'TRAVEL SYSTEM"

THE NATURAL

Ef the

left

"Mulberry"

strength of the German fighter aircraft in Northwest Europe before the assault 10ak place.

B. That, there should be not more than 12 mobile German divisions in Northern Franço

the

time

the operation Was launched, and that it must not be possible for the Germans to build up more than "15 divi- slons in the stacceeding tvirt months.

3. That the problem of beach maintenance of large forces in the tidal waters the English Channel over a prolonged period must be overcome. To ensure this sit was essential that we should be able to construct at least synthetic har- two effective bours.

NOTHER device known as a "Lillo" consisted of partially inflated air bags carrying sub- concrete. merged

curtains of These would be moored in line to seaward of the "Phoenix" and enclose a considerable additional area of water. Neither of these ideas reached fruition, but War in the eventually

adovice called the

Far East "Bombardon was adopted, em-

the Lito." bodying some of the features of

I

ALSO had many discussions

in the Indian and

with the Chiefs of Staff on There was another associated

which my

our, affairs mind problem on dwelt, namely, the maintenance Far Eastern theatres.

alrfield

We had

V

of fighting air superiority over none too good a tale to tell. A the battle area. If we could division had advanced at the end we of 1942 down the Arakan coast create a floating course, as the reader will could refuel our fighter aircraft of Burma to recapture the port 0%

have seen, I was well abreast within striking distance of the of Akyab. Though strengthened command of cf all the thought about landing- landing points, and thus multiply until a complete corps was en- Gen. Irwin, the operation' had craft and tank landing-craft. I our airpower on the spot at the gaged, under the

failed, and our troops were had also long been a partisan of decisive moment.

back over the Indian piers with their heads foaling

Among the numerous devices forced out in the sea. Much work had discussed during this busy voyage frontier. since been done on them follow-

was one called 'Habbakuk." This

Although there was much to 10g a minute which in the course project was conceived by a Mr of our discussions I had issued Pyke on Mountbatten's staff. be said in explariation, I felt that as long ago as May 30, 1943.

His idea was to form a structure the whole question of the British against Japan Prime Minister to Chief of of ice, large enough to serve as High Command

a runway for aircraft. It would must come under review. New wwe and new men Combined Operations,

be of ship-like construction, methods and up They must float

displacing 1m. tona, self-propell- needed. I had long felt that it down with the tide, The an-

ed at slow speed, with its own was a bad arrangement for the chor problem must be master anti-aircraft defence, with work. Commander-in-Chief India to

have a

command the operations, in ed. The ships must

Burma in addition to his offer side-flap in them, and a draw shops and repair facilities, and with a surprisingly small re- bridge long enough reach

It seemed to me that the the moorings of the piers. frigorating plant for preserving far-reaching responsibilities. Let me have the best solution its own existence.

vigorous prosecullon of large- worked out, Don't argue the

It had been found that by scale operations at the matter, The difficulties will adding a proportion of wood pulp Jagane R argue for themselves.

in various forms to ordinary ses necessitated the areation In May, 1942, a body known

ice the mixture lost the brittle

Supreme Allled Com separate as the Combined Commanders"

Thought moved to the creation

qualities associated with ice and mand. The Chiefs of fan were had been appointed to grip the the westerly gales by the Coten-

This in complete agreement, and became extremely tough. hinterland of a large area of sheltered water The

memorandum ou problem. It included the Com- tin peninsula.

substance, called Pykrete, after prépared a the at manders-in-Chief

home, favoured the rapid deployment protected by a breakwater based

on blockships brought 20

its inventor, Ecemed to offer great these lines for discussion with and later Gen. of Mountbatten,

large forces, and wos

power and scene by their own

not only for our their American .colleagues in then sunk in a prearranged posl- possiblities tion, Mountbatten's reports in needs in Northwest Europe, but Quebec.

There remained the question 1942 concentrated upon this idea, also elsewhere. suggested directly by an officer on his s'aff, Capt. J Hughes- Halleti

Normandy gave us the great- est hope. The defences were not so strong as in the Pas de Calais, The seas and the beaches were on the whole suitable, and were to some extent

sheltered from

THE HOME-BY-MIDNIGHT PRINCESS

A few tips from Farouk

For three days the steak went from office to office, with a re- an occasional spell in

fate was frigerator, while its debated.

и

wes

to over-

Orly authorities await | making two full-scale temporary for various reasons it never had termined to make this proposal

declaration from

I was found that as the tee of the commander of this new melted the abrous content quick theatre, and we were in no doubt ly formed a furry outer surface that he should be British. Of which acted as an insulator and the various names that were put Imagination, contrivance, and greatly retarded the melting forward, I was sure in my own Mountbatten ceaseless. process. Much development mind that Adml. experiment had been

had superior qualifications for and now in August, 1943, there work was eventually done on this

complete design for laen, particularly in Canada, but this great commend, and I de

10 the President at the first harbours which could be towed any success.

opportunity. the New and brought into action within a

The appointment of an officer York veterinary authorities that few days of the original landing.

of the subslan'Ive rank of Cap the meat was passed for in- These synthetic harbours

"Mulberries,"

tain R. N. to the Supreme Cóm- spection. If so, Mr Reiger will called

mand of one of the main theatres have to pay duty name which certainly on it before it is reveal their

of the war was an unusual step. But, having carefully prepared Mr pose. his. Says

THREE dominating assump- the ground betreuund. I was Reiger: "My one thought now

tlona were made both by the not surprised when the President- framers (ot the plan and the cordially agreed. British Chiefs of Staff. With VISITING Paris at the moment, and anxiously hoping it is mine.

Inese I was in entire agreement, that her conduct is sufficiently circumspect not to

and, as will be seen later, they provoke a Royal command to return home, is 28-year-old Princess FAIZA, sister of King Farouk of Egypt.

ON HOW TO BEHAVE

PARIS.

Faiza, a woman of remarkable beauty and vivacity, has been allowed to visit Paris for the first time in five years only after giving a solemn promise to her brother ---no nightclubs, no casinos, back to her hotel room, like Cinderella, some modern every night by midnight. Falza, chaperoned by

Paris newsletter WHITE herby SAM

Turkish-born husband, ALT

BOUF BEY, has been sticking to

&

were Dominating

cde-

did not assumptions

character

or pur-

is what I will do with it when Whole project

was majestic

The immigrant JOVELIST Arthur KOESTLER ONE morning on our voyage, at my request, Brig. K.G. Me- was involved in an angry Lean, with two other officers scene at the U.S. Embassy.

from Gen. Morgan's staff, came Koestler wishes to live perto me as I lay in my bed in the manently in the USA., and spacious cabin, and, after they applied some time ago for a had set up a large-scale map, ex- isa. There was an infidal hitch plained in a tense and cogent a special amendment tale the plan which had been to the recent immigration Act, prepared for the cross-Channel barring ex-Communists, had to descent upon France,

because

be passed exempting Koestler Further discussions on

the letter of her promise, re- ham Palace the guards outside from its application. Finally, ceeding days membering how she was in- the President's residence are stantly recalled to Cairo in 1948 rather slack, to say the least.

after newspaper photographs had shown her in a Montmartre nightclub, and the five years of confinement In Catro which followed.

★ Strip-teaser Gipsy ROSE LEE on British audience reaction to To friends she says with a wry her act: "The only way I knew smile, "At least it gives me a the curtain was up was because chance to find out whether I could hear "the audience crinolines are out of fashion." breathing."

All in seven days

MENERAL FRANCO'S

*

U year-old daughter Carmen Novellst Andre MALEAUX on as he appears in and her surgeon husband, the Churchill, Marquis de VILLAVERDE, General DE GAULLE'S memoirs visiting Paris for the first time, at present being written: "It showed an unaffected tourist a portrait etched in vitriol."

Suc-

more

The whole project was majes tle. On the beaches themselves would be the great plers, with

World Copyright reserved.. Repro-

even partially, ia

were approved by the Americans duction, and accepted by the Russians. language, strictly prohibited.

1. That there must belast

substantial reduction in the

Taikoo

icing

makes the cake

led into with the amendment passed, technical detail. The Channel: Koestler applied in person for tides have u of more than

play bis vist, and was asked to go 20 feet, with corresponding scours through the normal procedure along the beaches. The weather of paying an eight dollar head is always uncertain, and winds tax with an international money and gales may whip up in a few hours irresistible forces agains! order.

frall human structures. The tools Although it would have taken or knaves who, had chalked only three days to obtains such "Second Front Now" on our walls an order, Koestler refused to for the past two years had not! do this, and instead denounced had their minds burdened by such problems, I had long pon- the "red tape mentally."

He then stamped out angrily dered upon them. without collecting his visa,

Muttered a puzzled. official "I guces Mir after the scene: Koestler is temperamental, like all writers, but it sure is their seaward enda afloat and sheltered. At these piers ecasters temible risk we're running and landing-craft would be able Why, the guy might decide not to discharge at all stales of the Mr Reiger's steak

to come and five with us after ilde. To protect them against the wanton winds and waves breakwaters would be spread in Tower, toured the Louvre, sat AT Orly arield, near Parks, a 151b, beofsteak is the the ballete and ate pressed duck

a great are lo serward, enclosing centre of n complicated dis-

large area of sheltered water, at the Tour d'Argent.

Commented Carinen on the pute. Involved in the discussion

TULIET - GRECO, a singer of

Thus sheltered, deep draught Dior show: "It's

beautiful it's over it are the Parks veterinary

light talent who, with her Iríternational. the

anchor and service,

at sin."

and ships chuldi uukempt" appearance control and the Her last day she spent shop sanitary

trousered legs, provides some discharge, and all types of land- Cristoms. ping, bought her father an in- Cist

of the necessary atmosphere" ing-crall could ply freely to and expensive camera.

in the jazz dives of St. From the beaches. These broa The steak reached Paris

Germain des Pres, is now suing waters would be composed of her uninhibited delight with during a recent butchery nicka erfile for bet for having sunken concrete structures known Phoenix aAND blockships Parle charmed Parisian and sent by Mes «REIGER,

called her eyes "deep but known coseberries." earned her the title Franco's Kansas Chy, best ambaarKdor "

SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST Ice zeal for sight-seeing,

THE CHINA MAIL

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In saven days they visited Versailles, lunched at the Grand Trianon,

ascended the Eifol

almost a

80

Her Spanish good looks and

They

* said it.

of

"all"

Unfair?

There would not be room

Mys Roger rad of the March of science for the ships we needed.

Ariké áť home, thouhe Out RKMEN

LƯỚTES of the week: Vialling possibly starving husb

Taktik thechanic HAROLD Muinem Pilt to Paris

B

DET NOWE KOL

MINDY Wold have to discharge coutaide, to allfekt these and the very numeratis, naval Ven

will soon be replaced by robota, esisted an additional scheme of

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