1950-10-30 — Page 2

Mao Tse-tung modifying

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Expressing his opinion that Mr. Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the People's Government of Ching, is adapting and modifying Marx-Lonin-Stalin- ism to fit China, the Reverend David E. Dil- worth, of the American Presbyterian Mission, told the Europcon YMCA Arm Chair Group last night that what is taking place in China today is a thorough social transformation. Speaking on the topic, "Chinese Communism in the Rural Area," Mr. Dilworth said that this change is not unlike the change which came to Ching in the early decades of this century when in many parts of the country there was a wide- spread adoption of Western habits and modes of living.

Mr. Dilworth said: "The main difference is that the pre- rent transformation is being brought about by the introduc- tion of an idea, a theory that embraces all of life, rather than by the Imposition of some forclen habits. All the world. is watching to see how deeply that idea will penetrate the hearts and minds of the Chin- ese people.

"Chinete Communism will never be the same in all details a Russian Communism because China is different from Rüsala And the Chinese people different in many ways the Russian People.

are from Commun.

bo

or

years ago

formation of the Ten Tracie

We give some statistics and

butween China and Russia: commencing with on extract from the Commercial Statistle of that great authority Mr. Mc-

Gregor:--

This trade is enrried on by Jund on the backs of beasts of burden and also by the more tedious course of inland navigation. It is of für more ancient date than is generally known. The caravans which have long passed from Russia to Bokhara, have diverged to Chinn, as well as by Cabout to India:

and others have and du Kuokund, proceed by Samarkand, and by to the frontiers of Tibet.

The more important caravans which carry on the trade between tussia and China rose to impor- tance, after the conquests of Gbengis Khan and Tamerlane, European nations were so well with this overland Dcquainted

before the passage round. the Cape of Good Hope won cils- covered by the Portuguese, that Russians or Muscovites were em- played between the ports of the Baltic and China to bring the pro- Baltic dicts of the latter to the ports of the former for the use of Western

be called out to welcome send off various groups of lead. ers or dignitaries. On some days they would divided Inte bands and go out on the street or into the villages to do their part to urge the people to co. operate with the new

govern mant or to explain to them the Communist programme.

The mos

most amabig thing ac- complished by the new govern- been the stabilising of ment has

Many the currency.

have termed it a veritable miracle. That in a nation where Inflation had been rampant for four years, n new

could government

stabilise its indeed currency In six mo

months Is

was brought a great fent, about by several means, among whiles thorough and heavy, which were

rigid control of rice check other

tax

un- lam is not a static doctrine that can be Impered upon any and every national altuation without

close tax programme, and being modified or altered, it is on the use of any currency In fact, the boast of the pro.

than the offlcint Peoples Curren ponents of Communism

The ineasures employed were that stem, but they worked. The re- Karl Marx was modified by Lenin. Stalin adapted

sult, was that the military were Marx Leniniem to maet the situation fel, the price of rice stayed down. 25 it was in Rutela, Now Chair, and the expected fanine conti- man Mao Tea-tung le adapting

many areas nuk not and modifying Marx-Lenin. Stalinism to fit China.

Rural areas.

"It is quite evident that condi- tions in the rural areas under The Peoples' Government are often quite different from thos in the larger cities. More than 9 per cent of China's people live in 1 rural environment, so what Communirm is able to do ther will largely determine what it is able to do in China.

"The initial impression made by the Liberation Army, as you have heard from many sources, was very good. We stood at th

tions in

materialise.

10

NT farmers protest over

eviction ·

to

The protection of this extensive | traffic was beyond the power of the Tzars until secured by the conquests of Ivan Vasilievitch, and afterwards by the genius of Peter the Great. The vast dis- laber, 3.000 to 6,000 miles be- tween the capitals of Russia and China (Moscow and

scow and Peking) gave rse to the establishment of regu-

caravans; the only safe way of traversing theer extensive regions, The

caravans

number of Russians nccom- panying each of these was limited to 200 persons, and during

their

short stay at Peking

they

were conlined within tha walls of u

Caravansary,

a

Hubert Jolin Collar, formerly of Shanghal, heats the local organi- sation of one of Britain's greatest: undertakings, the famous Imperial Chemical Industries.

He was born in 1900 at Whils- Table,

England, and vent the Simon Langton School, In Canter- the famous Cathedral city. bury,

When he was 17 years of age the first world war was at its height, He could not resist the impulse to join, and therefore en- rolled in the Royal Naval Air Ser- vice. later Incorporated in the Royal Air Force. He was not 18 years of age when he took to the

kles

as i pilot, His war experiences made a man out

of the boy, but when hosties ended he was stili ndole- secht in terms of education. His parents therefore decided that he shauli go to Oxford for a time.

Under the spell

and

With hundreds of other young men who had seen the crush of empirea, he soon fell under the spell of Oxford's Lurrots spires, He spent three years at Lincoln College, emerging in 1921 BA In chemist surtire with

A spirit of

of adventure during

the war years Induced him to accept an appointment short after he left the University for a professorship in Shanghai, China did not seem so far away after hit piloting days, when all distances were reduced to negligible flying hours.

The job was with the Shanghai Municipal Council, which appoint- ed him to a teachership in chemis-

"China" Limited

Mr. H. J. Collar

try and mathematics. Those were his favourite subjects, and he did Als task with relish.

Kong, Canton, Daleon, and Fiona isin. ICI is so firmly entrenched. in China that even today it can~-~ tinues to maintain statt in Shang- hal, Tientsin, Taingthe, Hanko,

Amov, "

The panaing years improves his position with the China section pr ICI, so that by the time the Jn- panese Inunched their altrele na Pearl Harbour he was an, exccut- live in the Shanghai organisation. Year recuperating,

He was Interncă în 1942 at the Inipliong Rand Camp, and after the war spent a year I Canada recuperating

In June 1948 he was back, in ; Shangliai, but not for long. Then company decided that a change ot scene was la line, and he was moved to Hong Kong, where he is now vice-chairman of ICI in the colony and the South China aren. Mr. Collar married in 1924, He is the father of two children, one After two years of this, how- of whom is studying ballet In England, and the other is it the In 1933 he ac- true vocation,

V school George cepted an invitation to join the In his Shanghai days Mrs Collar China branch of Imperial Chem!ild some service with the Shang-

hal Volunteer chairman of the British Reside Association the year before the war, and maintained the

he post un he was

ever, he resigned to take up his

cal Indusries,

The lef was then expanding its organisation all over the world. In China Indices were doing get up in

dozen cities along enast and within the country, and Mr. Collar's degree and practical experience made him a valuable member of the staff.

From Shanghai he was trans: ferred to branch omces all over the country, visiting in turn Hong

King

Hous

In camp 110 was the Official RO- pretentative, and it was his Lasle to keep up a liaison between 'thu prisoners and the Japanede, Throughout the Internment he maintaried a sense of humour by t persistent digging.

The story of the Po Leung Kok

Three-quarters of a century ago, staid Chinese mer- chants in Hong Kong, who intended to make this Colony their permanent home, viewed with alarm the growing traffic in women and chil~~| dron.

The rapid development of this social evil in their midst, perhaps, took them by surprise. Like their forefathers who had been walled in from foreign intercourse for centuries, they little knew what growing prosperity to a seaport like Hong Kong would bring besides trade and riches.

and only allowed 10 traffe with few lleensed or privileged mer- chants, probably much in the More complaints are being same way as the transactions with lodged by New Territories

the Hen mercants at Canton. This faimers. This time they com-

intercourse and the

jealousy afterwards of

the Tartar plained against the landowners' unreasonable" evictions, and

ment in China, leg overn

Those were the days when the pro- hibliton of foreigners to trade to Chinese labourers were being are secking Government pro-

D Peking, or

pass over the recruited by hook or by crook tection against the alleged in- Chinese territory. Alter lang by unscrupulous contractors for Inspitul gate that night they justice, according to the Hongneetitions an arrangement was

work in Malaya and the South entered

the city and

definitively settled for

Seas Tegions, and along with watched Kong Kowloon Chinese Farni

between Russia and China.hom these contractors had to their Tront-line troops hurrying. ing and Agriculture Associa-as by. They were as men on a mistion yesterday.

End of maintaining a college at Peking

find the

women to feed the sion. All day they had been dght- ing in the hills Fast of the city, or the

The Association said that inost:

By treaty in 1722, two places various regions where these landowners refused and now, at evening time, as the sign the cases indicating their close to the Chinese frontier, and

were selected, Kinkta in Russia, labourers were being sent. fest of the rear guard Nationalist tenure when the ferias were first

That was the root cause of the troops withdrew, they pressed rented to them. The land owners place of trade), in China, near

the

villages. c Mai-Mat-tchitt white slave traffle in those day. cagerly in pursul. For days most neither agreed to any legal pro- the Russian frontier, for entrepota

25 in later years, which became of them had not had decent rest.

so notorious that the tre of the For more than twelve hours cedure in the form of contracts fer the exchange of the com- staid Chinese merchants whs at

to be signed by both parties nor they

modities of the respective coun- had tested nothing but the cold issued any receipt fur ren tries Kinkta is situated in JaLIEMOS

lust aroused and once concert) rice in their long, stocking-like, collected, ant

they lost no time in ging as neault the

they food bags, but they would receive took the advantage to increase titude 105 deg. 29 niin. East on a

the menace. 50 deg. 21 min, North,, nnd nothing from the

The first thing they did was to people but the rent at random or evict the ributary stream water. When hot rice gruel was farmers for the purpose of trans-

falling into the

consult the Government who not Selenga, and communicating with only endorsed their plans but offered them, the answer waš ul- ferring the farms to other tenants, the lake Baikal and the river ways, No, thanks, we have no During the two or three months

Angara, a branch of the great

feat have them every encouragement money to pay for it?

between the end of Spring an river Yenisei. Klakta is said to foundation was laid for one of the and help. And from that day the "One of the most democratic the beginning of Summer this be within canon distance of the parts of the programnie of

the Peoples Government was the call-districts in the New Territories, ichin, at about the same distance Leung Kuk, now in the 73rd year year the landowners of various Chinese boundary and Mai-mat- oldest and most respected institu- nattlong in the Colony the Pa ind

of a Peoples Representative taking advantage of the rise in from the Russian fruntier. The Assembly. Notices were sent out land prices, demanded increase of population of the former is about of its existence. to all the major groups in the rent and on many occasions evic- 5,000. The December fair brings rumal society to

to appoint delegates tons

tions were made "ogeinst the great activity to these place and to a large rcueral assembly. These

farmers. At that Ume the Asso- an average quantity of cbout notices went to the farmers, the

lation, of which most of the

00,000

was in 1978 to 15.000 chests of tea or Leung Kuk was founded. For its that the Po teachers, the business men, the farmers are members, received from 4.200.000 to

arbers, the religious groups, etc.

0.000 to 4,600,000 pounds. mere than 70 complaints from the The Russians carry to this fale headquarters It borrowed two When the name of the appointed farmers concerning such cases.

Siberian and American furs:

re: fals from the Tung Wah Hospital was sent in he was isited an authorities concerned on behalf

The Association petitioned the dressed sheep and lamb skins; home for the next 10 years.

ine. Which were to remain the Kule's appointment

woollen manufactures of various officially invited him to re- of the farmers, requesting that kinds required for the cold winter 1850 it built its own premises in pre cut his group at the meeting legal protection or legislation be climate of Northern China; coarse Po You Street, to cope with its Our church appointed the district exercised against the

unscrupul

liners, leather, cattle, speelc, etc

considerplily Increased activities. poster and he received his en- ous methods on the part of the to exchange for the raw and Right from the beginning the graved announcement. When the land owners and that the farmers meeting.convened addresses were tenure of the lands be maintain-

manufactured

Porcela delivered by

roubarb. sugar-candy, musk various governmented in the same way re the den-

of China officials. Afterwards the

dele-oney of ordinary tenants of houses | Klay the tea

considers that' the gates would usually be divided be protected by the Landlord and of

small groups to discuss the Tenant Ordinance. Issues raised by the speaker, Later the groups would report

aded holler of

on-

It

haven

manent Board, with the Chinese members of Counelle as Vice-

chairmen.

citizens

WEST BERLIN TO CUT POWER TO RED RADIO

Berlin, October 20. West Berlin will cut off" sup- plies of electric power to the Soviet-controlled Radio Berlin, in the heart of the British sector un Wednesday, a spokesman of the West Berlin, Power Company

said today.

"Radio Berlin is unessentiaI for West Berlin economy". the spokesman said. He added that the station was supplied with. West German power through special cables which could easily

be cut off,

Civic-minded Prominent Chinese were appointed by Government

the Permanent Board, while Radio Berlin declined to com- ench year new blood is drawnment on the planned cut. A higli. from the community to serve on proportion of the power usert by its annually elected Board of Radio, Berlin comes from a plant Directors under choirman. The at the radio headquarters in the. annually elected directors

are British sector-Reuter. mostly drawn from the business community, and nines 1937 lady members have invariably served on the annual boards.

And so from those early plonger sent day, from six to a dozen spcial workers down to the pre- civic minded leaders of the Chinese community have, year, been called upon to carry on the work

But applicants for a wife from the Po Leung Kuk had to be, first, and no ons might apply it he thoroughly screenst by the Kuk was already married as the Kuk each would only allow the girls to be married or kit-fat (principal) the Po Leung Kult, ions of wives. And so applicants had do only of their time but also of citizens or business firms as bons

These leaders

rs have given not be youched for by responsible

hy voluntury subscriptions from mates and make their plek, which their purse to the work of the fide bachelors or widowers before. Kuk which is maintained entirely they were allowed to 300 the In- the community, with the assis- again had to be subject to the ac tance, of an annual

grant by quiescence of the opposite party, Government,

· Contented groupid

Po Leung Kuk' worked in close stands collaboration with the Govern ment.

an

"His trade has been te Its main function was to serve by such well-known philanthro: / her gent to the Po Leunk Kuk

ed. An official account

דר

of

back the results of their discus- RATINGS MISSING China by the way of Kiahta, to

sion, and, on the basis of these reports, the recommendations of the Assembly were formulated.

Students' service

"There were many activities

and opportunities of service for the students, In the evenings there were many meetings and training clues held. During

Portland, Dorset, October 28. Channal shipping, Coast Guards and police were asked today to keep a look-out for two naval ratings reported to be missing from the naval trawler, Sky, now

lying here.

The Sky's 10-foot motor ding- hy with 10 gallons of petrol aboard was niso reported to be the daytime they would often missing-Reuter.

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-Sole: Agents LE LIBERTY

DIAMOND WODXS

L&D.

from

in if31, declares the value manufactured goods exported to amount to 4,500,000 paper rouble 7,000,000 roubels. The great in

China to

eroase of the trade with China since that year we have stated in the proceeding general impart and export trade Lables of the

of Russia,

The course of this trade about the middle of the last century is described in the extracts w have taken from Postlethwaite' translation and edition of Sovary's Commercial Dictionary. Mr. Oddy.. Ir: 1804, says the communication from the frontier of Chinn "com mences by the river Selenga. from the frontier of China to the

With the rapid growth of Hong

It was because of this stringene Kong, and the increase in the number of charges committed to that in the old days women, who its care, the Kuk” ageln found ils were less enlightened" than thair promises at Po Yan Street in sisters of today;"' were scarest 'at adequate, and so in 1930 a

the mention of being sent to the site on Leighton In

sol3% H

areno Leung Kuk, fightly or wrong- of 80,021 square feet was obtainly, the impression they got was a Kuk was built. The result is the ed from Government and a New term of indeinite Imprisonment.

Not a few husband's with larger well ventilated, calice now harems than they could tackle

on the with its vast would

site,

warn a drobedient, ar and cut-buildings erring concubine that if she did which were subsequently added,

The Hong Kong public, headed behave better, ho would have as a haven of temporary refuge pists on Sir Robert Ho Tung and

And it did, the trick, foo tor'

women

and children until others, as well as European sym- have been introduce and more But with the years changes their kith and kin were found. pathisers, subscribed a total of fore the inmate are given greater Most of them had either been HK$170,000 for the now building freedom and amchilies, so that kidnapped or been reduced away whlelt was completed and official- txday a more contented group of opened Sir people could hardly be found in the Kuk's responsibility, and the March 4, 1932. cued. What to do with them was then Governor of Hong Kong on similar institution in the Colony. Kuk did its job in such a splendid!

Today the children are giväry why that it would have done

elementary schooling, and the kind anywhere else in the world credit to any institution of it

older pnce are taught difterent forme of handicraft co that in those early days.

When they leave the Kuk they will' have the boit

best weapon fo their abit-support The women Inmates too, taught me handicraft, such pa

Amazing record

to build, and the balance of

The new Kuk cost HK$100,000

HK$70,000 was set aside as a sort

As rescued women and children of endowment fund, the income were brought in, Kuk offlelais set from which was to be applied to about looking for their next of wards the maintenance of the kin. parents or guardians, but us Kuk. fast as these unfortunates, or shall we say fortunates, were delivered back safe and sound to their Roines

in China, more And even larger numbers of new Kuk

were shoved on to the

Baikal Inke: from thence by thence which laid down Ankara into the Yenisel-ver-115The value and importance of

Yenisey

"On the occasion or its spth needlework, knifing and weay- Anniversary,

Ahlug, so they do not need rolely to nounced that it had since its rely on orfahlishment,

can leave the Kukk nektorent, restored to their hofore the uppert of a husband hau saved Like the children, they ile bein 'several hundred." thâusanda oʻtaught to fend for themselves le

people record in which any a world which In | nlmost vill épzés? institution pould wail takhad, treated Thom

Not a few on the

the Po Loung Kuk was givän pride... official recognition in 1893 when

The Po Leung Kuk Já.

Ja tradition mintes áre allempled tuloldo'enrOS Government passed the Po Leung ally a Chinese institution and inde girls who had fed rat Kuk Ordinance which laid down its early days It was run, with a brothels and sought thề

1h5 prolétiói the constitution of the Kuk, and strict observance of Chinco con

of the, Secretary for Callice placed the Secretary for Chinese cepts of morality and conduct. Its fair's Life hide held 'ngilda Affairs at the head of its Par- diripim wasson inmates wito in stepped into their lives and hế

them until the Po billig- many cases had either willingly Fd them rahallitate their brok or unwillingly lost dicir womably liver They remain in tha virtues holope they were sent to unili (héy, have recovered

fur dèy as the, lown of: the merchandise is untaden and carried over a short track of long. enthurked on the river and thence down to the Obi; from which up the Irisit, Tobol, and, thence overland to the Tchussavin upon which river it is embarked again and falls into the Kams. and by Five than to the its branch the Tobel, and a river

great! Wolga ja Moscow ute..

falling into the latter to Tyouliere This route is nearly the presenter Tourming where it is landet, rourso exrept when tea and ether it carried overland to Peim. artiales are carried by land which, It is thich carried in bulks down Phounk more expensive lá dari the

Lift, about a year, or in labout one) W du inls Fiver")

Land

woman - Iniĝato "was,

the Kuk, found it very dimeult ta courage to face the world regain their freedom. Unless a and when they do they

Institution that! Whose bona fides the Kuk was posible. homme at the absolutely, caridin, nude was at The number of lam

the

third the time by water. The tea; dit inlowed to Jeave this Kult akedpt by for by the Birk-Juts

to its Junction Villi the, har husband or of this fealliné a Chakanud

avhich is so highly reduted In Psi fair quity on the grdiniz”; of its

pasitik

Toverland, beITEAM 30

chiefly by water. Wiert

Irish endistiges of i

which

for dis

and up/60,000: tharriage "to

Slide annually bough the Kuk an oke It kilata 20,000 fe30,000 cheste

time to time, depo

And do at one timo. It was a patturco, bill fi (from Sibáth comman tople of Jalk in thw com from 100 to 300,

clothed by the tKOR *210 €361, my 4th Conaninis path are, and/ offer?) places (Erratum ob kould pick and up chody at medical attention;

the Po-Leung M

charge.