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ITALIAN ELECTIONS

THE CHINA-MAIL, SAT URDAY, APRIL 17, 1048.

It

Was

haggaru

nation

The Second Instalment

THE

+

Churchill's Memoirs

VERSAILLES TREATY

oficer-class 'in

•

than

APZIL

mankind presented

WIE

blame of

of Germany's defeat

defeat, perty inseparable from war. There the

the virtuous; how the structure

of

last year they would not have {cess. It was the fear, that had isolationist conceptions prevailed./Fnselein aprang from Communism,; the main fabric of European civ- : sef-preservation,

to

national policy. They were gur neighbour. But the British tariffs were raise the same time those kindred movements which storm and dust of the costoned restrafitt miny

onc

reason

longer to frame the Repub-tory, was contrary to the Four- 1930ing proposals for

upon

whleb the

scarcely have been foreseen Treaty was to be

therefore withstood Fuch

a

Soviel and Communist pro-land

his

$

which

were

dis-

of

were

even

•

+

Germany

.comman

army was prescrved', detors

men

and

not disguised their vital in-in all this business of peace-muk- tiously confoese had puncll- bandful of vessels under 10,000 committed by the Gefmaris un-peopics, when these

n the

as the

a

of

ble form.

creet

fifteen

prudence

become the

and

མ

been

P

thought and action, and British the Communist dictator, Bela though not, of course, their par- tion of former centuries. After sympathy or even admiration for Kun, Although Marshal Foch don, in the follies of the victors, all that we suffered and achieved Germany found powerful expres wisely observed that "Bolshevism Without these follies crime would we find ourselves still confronted had never crossed the frontiers of have found neither templation | with problems and periis not less victory," the foundations of Euro- nor opportunity.

but for more formidable The League of Nations had no

elvlisation trembled in the

those through which we have so Booner been created than it re-

Fascism early post-war

years. f

In these pages I attempt to re-narrowly made our way. celved att almost mortat blow was the shadow or ugly child of count some of the incidents and It is my purpose, as one who 17:0 'United States abandoned Communism. While

the Corporal impressions which form in my lived and acted in thero dass, President Wilson's offspring. The Hitler was making himself useful mind the story of the coming Brat to show how easily the trag

ready to do to the German President himself, battle for his ideais, suffered

of the upon Munich by arousing soldi

worst edy of the Second World War soldiers and tragedy in

In its tumultuous

history,

could have been wanted: France had been bled white by paralylle stroke just as he

wworkers to flores hatred of Jew This

itsalt not only

the

prolend malice of that setting forth on his campaign and Communists. generation The war. The

whom ho fald the destruction of lifo pro-reinforced by the weakness

and

__pro- had dreamed since 1070 of a war und lingered, hence forward a of revenge had triumphed but at futile wreck for a great part of the

deadly cost in national life-two long and vital jeats, at the another aventurer, Benito Muta-had been fearful slaughters of and habits of democratic States, aru end of which his party and his solini, provided Italy with a new soldiers in the First World War, unless they are welded into larger What gives special impor- strength.

accumulated organisins, lack those elements of tance to Italian elections to France that greeted the dawn et policy were swept away by the theme of government which, while and much of the

Italian to have the Republican Presidential victory of it claimed to

allan treasure of the nations was con- Persistence and conviction, which victory. Deep fear of Germany

raised

Still 1920. Across the Atlantic on the people from Communism

apart from the ex-

can alone give security to humble be held tomorrow is their

pervaded the French

morrow of the Republican

himself to dictatorial power. Success

of the Russian Revolution, mdases; how,

aven in matters of timing. Had they been held the morrow of their dazzling suc- norr

no policy is left to de Europe must be

slow so. Nazism developed from Fds-ilisation remained erect at the pursued for even ten or fift and

a. Thus were set on must pay its

foot close of seemed, as they do now, to prompted Marshal Foch

the

le. When struggle.

the years at -a

at a time.

We shall sco At

how the

of the counsels constitute a test of inter-mand the Rhine frontier for the its own julce,

safety of France against her far lawful debts.

were destined soon to plunge the to prevent the

∙passed suddenly

the no away. of the

more hideous delayed for

or and Amerlenn'

the goods by which alone world into

tions despite their enmities could primae agents of mortal danger statesmen held

held entry another, mainly because the that the absorption of German- these debts could be discharged: strife, which none can say has still recognise each otheries Mis-3 how’“the › mittals course adopted

onded with their destruction. hington Conference of

toric rec

personalities. The from took Populated districts in French ter-At the constituent assembly

from desires för d. 10 lead laws of

on the had on whole quiet We may be Nevertheless, one solid security been respected. There was

a direct to the hull's-eye of disu made} teen Points and to the principles naval disarmament

The for pence remained.

the 195 and

tet! We professional meeting-

We shall see how absolute NIC lican constitution than had of nationalism and self-determina- by the United States,

Peace British and American

was disarmed. Govern- could tion

All her artillery ground between military mch is the "head" of a broad path of ' been

It expected.

based. They ment proceeded to sink their and weapons were

who had fought destroyed, Her

another international action pursued by and battleships and break up

leel had already sunk itself their

ነዉ Vanquished

alike

still mały"Stbldg in common: across Scapa Flow. Her vost that they would fall at

France. They gained Clemenceau military establishments

semblance_of_civ- the years, treespective of the ebb with isbanded, By the Treaty of flised States.

and flow of national' moment when tension be-

A solemn Peace

pblities. tween the supporters and the promising: first, a join! An- gusto. It was argued in odd logic Versailles only

guarantee for the that it would be immoral glo-American

professional was made which, apart from un- It was a simple policy to keep France; secondly, arm the vanquished unless the long-service army, not exceeding

disarmed and the vic- Germany aspects, cod opponents of the European defence of

formed to

to the ptinciples which tors

adequately

armed

med for 30 Recovery Programme was at demilitarised zone and thirdly, victors also stripped themselves 100,000 men, and unable on this enforceable Gnancial

the total lasting disarmament of of their

basis to accumulate reserves, was in the

the 19th century 'had increas~}>ears, hid in the meanwhile, even weapons. The finger Germany. its height.

Clemencesu accepted As it is, the organs of this in spite of foch's protests/glo-Amerlenn reprobation was permitted to Germany for pur- Ingly "regulated the relatiónik" de 17 "a reconcilation' could 'not bo

The presently to be pointed at France, poses of internal order. The an-

an enlightened peoples: The

ign nude with Germany, to bulld Instincts, own

deprived allke of the Rhine from nual

nual quotes of recruits no longer of. law was proclaimed," and a ever more strongly a true Lea- Davantia in Eastern Europe freuty of Guarantee was signed tier and of her treaty or dissolved. Every effort was 10 guard us all, and especiallying sure that Treaties were kept received their training; the cadres World Instrument was formed 'gue of Nations capable of mak- maintaining, even on a have for weeks past spared accordingly by Wilson and Lloyd

George and Clemenceau.

Thw for

reduced scale

scale, a French Army made to reduce to, a

tithe the Europe, against a renewed cons or changed only by discussion no effort to denounce the United States Senate refused

Onicer Corps.

No military air vulsion. based

universal service. upon

and agreement. When three or force of sinister designs of the Right ratify the treaty. They repudiat

The United States made it clear fore Wilson's signature to Britain that the

any kint was allowed, Now in the Second World War

Powerful Governments act- ed President and Centre parties in Italy. And we, who had

continuance un

Submarines were forbidden, and

and every bond between

ing together have demanded the deferred 80 while Western countries have much to his opinions and wishes of her allia

alliance

pan, to the German navy was limited to man was to perish. Crimes were host fearful sacrifices from their with Japan

have the Jan

would consti-tons. Soviet Russia was barred der the Hitlerite domination to given freely for the common told without inuch terest in preservation of Ita-ing, were

that we ought to be tute a barrier in Anglo-American off, from Western Europe by a which they allowed themselves cause, and when the longed-for lian freedom. Western de- ceremony

this Accordingly

al-cordon of violently anti-Bolshevik to be subjected, which And no result has been attained, it would better informed about, the Ameri-relations. marche over Trieste was only

llance was brought to an end. States, who had broken

away

equal In some and wickedness can Constitution.

seem reasonable that concerted caused annulment one of a long series of diplo

profound from the former Empire of the with that

any In the fear, anger and disarray

have darkened the action should be preserved so In Japan, and was Czara in Ite new and more terri-human

that at least the essentials would record. The wholesale DS matic inducements, which in- of the French people, the rugged,] on in

Poland. and Czecho-muna

ronot be cast away. But this mod- no massacre by systematised. in dominating figuro of Clemencoati

pro- not clude Soviet (agilation

rity, Asiatic Power burning

the Western slovakia raised independent heads,cesses of six or seven millions of est requirement the might, civ- favour of British withdrawal with his world-famed authority,

in men, women and child

children in the lantioti, learning, knowledge. the from

former Italian and his special British and Ameri: world. Many links were sunder and seemed to stand

can contacts, was incontinently ed

Hungary had

German execution camps exceeds science of the victors were un- "Ingratitude towards prove might afterwards have Central Europe.

of decisive value to peace. rev

dose of Bela in horror the rough and ready able wouth and from colonies and a statement by discarded,

They livert supply. The the Polish Government that it their great men," says Plutarch. At the hemel with the fact that upon its laurels, was incompar- in scale reduces them to pigmy day, and from one election to

samo

pan could un. The French Army, resting butcheries of Genghis Khan, and would be happy to see these is the mark of strong peoples.

It was imprudent for France to the downfall of Germany and ably the strongest military forte proportions. Deliberate exter-another, until, when scarcely 20 colonies placed under Italian indulge this trait when she was Russin had, for a time, raised her in Europe, and it was for some mination of whole populations

lons years were out, the dread signol trusteeship. Moreover, à re- grievously wankened. There to the third place among the years believed that the French was contemplated and pursued of the Second World War was cent warning from the State was Hitle compensating strength

world's

naval Powers, and cer-

cer- Air Force was also of a high or by both Germany and Russia in given, and we must write of the to the highest ranit Alder.

the Eastern war.

The hideous suns of those who had fought Department Indicated that to be found in the revival of the thinly

intrigues and couseless

the Washington Naval Up til the year 1934 the power

bombarding

and died so faithfully dad well: cities open victory for the left-wing alli-group

changes of Governments And

prescribed A Inwer of the conquerors remained un- from the alt, once started by the Shoulder to aching shoulder, side ance would disqualify Italy Ministers which were the charac ratio of strength in capital ship throughout the world. There was by the evestmounting power They trudged away from life's

challenged in Europe and, indeed, Germans, was repaid twenty-foin -by side ** from further aid. The teristle of the Third Republic. for Japan than for Britain and HONGKONG gravity of this warning can however profitable diverting the United States (five: Ave no moment in these sixteen years the Allies, and found its cutatht Broad walds of light."

engaged in be measured by the fact that they were to those

three), the quota assigned to her when the three former Allles, or tion in the use or the atomie Siegfried Sasson, Collected was well up to her building and even Britain and France, with bombs which obliterated Hiro-Poems. Italy has received American

1 financial capacity for a good en

door their associates in Europe. shima and Nagasaki.

(To be Continued) aid to tune of about US$2,000,- Poincare, the strongest figure ma

many years, and she watched could not in the name 000,000 over last five years.who

On Monday, Mr. Churchill dla- succeeded Clemenceau, with an attentive eye the two of the League of Nations and

We have at length emergedi ausces Locarno, the. 1929 "econo- After this barrage from both templed to make an independen leading naval Powers culling

under its moral and international from a scene of material ruin and mic blizzard" and his relations Rhineland under the putroninge each sides it is certain that the and control of France, This hitu cach other down far below what shield, have controlled by a mere moral bavde the like of which, with Stanity Baldwin. clectors will have foreign no chance of success. He did not mitted and what

their resources would have per-effort of the will tho armed had never darkened the imagina-]

their respons- strength of Germany.

(World Copyright) Instead, policy in the forefront of their hesitate to try to enforce reparabilities enjoined. Thus, both in until 1931 the victors and parti- minds when their choice is tions on Germany by the invasion Europe and In Asia, conditions cularly the United States, -con- of the Ruhr. This certainly co were swiftly created by the vié-centrated their efforts upon ex- made.

forced compliance with TH

the torting by vexatious foreign con- treaties on Germany; but it was torlous Alles which, in Still Trying

severely condamned by British name of peace, cleared the way trols their annual reparations

for the renewal of war. As

fact tha1 from Germany. opinion. The suggestion is still being and American.

these payments

made put about, though as yet in and political disorganisation

result of the general financial

only While 94

these untoward from far larger American" Jours no "official" form, that it is Germany, together with repara-events were taking place, amid reduced the whole process to the the duty of the British Govtlon payments during the years ceaseless chutter of well-meant absurd. Nothing was reaped ernment to postpone the end- 1919 to 1923, the Mark rapidly platitudes on both sides of the cept ill-will. On the other hand, collapsed. The rage aroused in Atlantic, a now and more terrible the strict enforcement at any ing of the Palestine Mandate Germany by the French occupa cause of quarred than the Im time till 1984 of the Disarmament for three more months. It is ten of the Ruhr led to a vast, perialism of Czars and Kaisers Clouses of the Pence Treaty have to be seriously consider with the deliberate object of des- Civil War in Russia ended in the with

the without violence or ed if there were any real troying the whole basis of the cur- absolute victory of the Bolshevik the peace and safety of mankind!

this was neglected" while The Fuchrer does not believe ground for thinking that such rency. In the final stages of the Revolution. The Soviet Armies But

inflation the Mark stood at which advanced to

to subjugate the infringements remained petty

setty that anything can be achieved. a postponement would ma $3,000,000,000,000 (forly-three Poland

at present by megbtlitian, Eng- indeed repulsed in and shufined as they assumed were terially improve the situation. thousand million millions) to the the battle of Warsaw, but Ger serious proportions. Thus the land is not yet shaky enough nor But, in fact, there seems no pound sterling. The social and many and Italy nearly sucumbed final safeguard of

sufficiently tired of war," and a long would interpret any attempt at reason whatever to believe economic consequences of this into Communist propaganda and peace was cast away. The crime; woul

a sign of weak- that the situation in August reaching. The

were deadly and for- designs. Hungary actually fell of the vanquished find their back negotiation as

Bavings the for a while under the control oft ground and their explanation, would be any different from middle classes were wiped out

In the East, naturally, the pre- the situation in May. The and natural following was thus

sent moment is entirely uzav the banners 'of,

ourable for indicating any rend- tragic fact is that a state of provided for

National Socialism. civil war already exists." Iatfucture of German Industry

The whole CARNIVAL

By Dick Turner advantage, and however say it iness to negotiate Stalin has the can be ended in only one of was distorted by the growth of two ways. One is by the mush-room trusts, The entire intervention of an outside working capital of the country disappeared The internal nu- Power prepared to use, for antional debt and the debt of in- indefinite period, strong forces distry In the form of fixed HONG KONG far more ruthlessly than Bri- capital charges and mortgages AIRWAYS tain is prepared to do. But wore, of course, simultaneously But a foreign totalitarian regime this was no compensation for the

liquidated or reputilated.

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then.

•

•

Dr

Japan

The Wern

thes

a suggestion which would reckless printing of paper notes became apparent in Europe. The would have guarded.net,

flation

is no solution of the problem, toss of working, capital. All led The other is by a settlement directly. "to reached by the Arabs and the rowings

the largescale bor

of

✡

bankrupt nation of Getmen suffer-

Jews themselves: In the long ensuing years.

abroad which were the feature run that must come. If the ings and bitterness marthad for Arab and Jewish leaders will ward together as they do to-day. themselves face the realities.. The British temper・ towards. at first--had Gminy which

a settlement could still come been so fierce, very soon went as without a long, bloody, and

far astray the opposite direc- devastating struggle. But it tion, Adid

opanod

between would not be brought a day Lloyd George and Polticare, whose personality turpered nearer by continuing the Bri-bristling

hia firm and farsighted poleics.

tish administration for a day The two nations fell apart in longer.

Tragic Death

indeed that the Filipina

The sudden death from a people have suffered this heart attack of Fresident heavy blow at such a crucial Roxas has caused a profound stage in their history, shock in every part of the The Far East has suffered world where his work for the the loss of one of its most Philippines was knowh and gifted statesmen, who had he appreciated President Roxas been given a little longer to has been a powerful leader prove his tremendous capi- at a time when the young city, would have served as e Republie has needed him profound example of selfless mbot and his seniovements ness and clear-sightedness, for isation"" und " "re the shaken Orient. His death. habi

Laya-beon" con-, will everywhere be, fetorted

withi. Then deare

·

don't unde

Hendy, but how

ness-

of

to

Goebbels

Diary

vantageous

for someone Ah an ide ous situation to indicato His readiness to come to an ar- rangement, it is quite impossi ble for anyone at a temporary disadvantage to do 50,

We must therefore try to sur- vive this crisis, whatever the coal,

14 is

Euchreshing to note the

from

I have never ¿bafore - spénzthe Fuchrer-zó "disappointed: An the Duce is this tinie. "The Fuchrer optimisticaltitude. now realise that' Italy never was a Power no Power today, and jwar have I seen him so tough;) will ~10 NE, TO TERNISTER 7, we will not be Fower in the

Seldom throughout the whole

.....

ant

The Fuehrer told me in deuill after all his bad con

If

experiences about the equon, visit the the Dure agala puts himself) in Duce's personality did not in the Hands of his duaghtor Edda,

as powerfully this time who is him

really a quiqur and mzan at their earlier meeting, z

can't be helped "Werich, he

pallu- The main reason may be that calgr

DICAS

Fas

the

Duco now came to the Fucho Luce inekdentally in ree without any power, and that illas was generally nsumed. the Fuehrer

criticins

athur Binów/kvwww.dooked a protézsör voMorell:; fpitad

no

symptome of any acute ordon- The Fuehrer peeted that The Ferous allment. It is especially! Orst thing, the 1

the ice woulot. true

Oruc funt the Duce Is syphi would be to

WaveMorell

Clagnosed

on

his betrayer

auch indication ho

"however, which

latory disturbance his real. Imitation. Her workchi and "dut

ahowed hit

I not revolut

He the other woorde, the

Love

daughter Edda and, through clan from which y? NA UM

her his son-in-law Clamar phe

hering in whole them at 0.1LQ passed in

Pure And Clond

Ingo

Duce's

About

tween the Pugh any Cimio

"kie Duos faciptura

dünk the lotonous mishroom) "much trahdicapped" pys

la again. planted Ari, the finidat of intilm:family. Iba paw Exaclit Hapsible

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