1940-02-15 — Page 8

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THE CHINA MAIL, FEBRUARY 15, 1940

MIRROR OF WORLD OPINION

COUNT CIANO'S SPEECH

The long speech by the Italian For- cign Minister is one of the most important of the war. Its plain state- ments, its silences, and its hints are all alike significant. In form it is a rea- soned statement of Italian policy. It says much more about history than about the future and it springs no sur- prises. That Italy makes, and will make, her decisions according to her own view of her interests is accepted in this country. Count Clano repeats it; as was to be expected, he adds that Italy's relations with the Axis partner are unchanged and that, having an- nounced her intention at the begin- ning of the war not to take any initia- tive, she still does not intend to take any "as things stand." At the same time he left his hearers, both in Italy and elsewhere, to draw their conclusions from his survey, and they will certainly find it an Inspiriting exercise. There are some principal questions they will ask. What does Count Ciano think about the Russo- German Pact, about Germany's (and Anglo-French) policy, and about Russia "on the move?"

own

The skill of Count Ciano's historical method comes out best regarding Germany's agreement with Russia. He emphasised that Italy and Ger- many both intervened in Spain, that Italy deeply hated Bolshevism there and that Germany agreed with her; thus it was that the Anti-Comintern Pact was cemented. What, then, were the purpose and value of that pact? Count Clano says:

It possessed the definite political significance of consolidating the anti- Comintern system and of furthering a wider collaboration in every sphere among the Powers which had built up this system.

So the Italians (and the Japanese) interpreted the pact. Then Germany Count Ciano went over to Moscow.

to be still possibile to settle the Po- lish question by negotiation. Germany refused-a plain enough confirmation, if any were needed, that she had made up her mind to war. Count Clano, of course, blames France and Britain for hardening the Polish attitude by giv- ing her their guarantee; he ignores the truth that if the guarantee had not been given Hitler would probably have attacked Poland straightaway. The Balkan

question was handled by Count Ciano elusively but with skill. There also Russia may soon be "on What does Italy think the move." about it? She is anxious, he says, for "order and peace" in the Balkans be- cause "Italy has now become a Balkan Power" and because "it is to that re- tion that Italian policy tends." Italy intimates that she is much interested in the Balkans and must not be ignor- ed.-"Manchester Guardian.”

*

**

PRELUDE TO UNION?

The social changes impelled by the World War are already being extend- ed by the present war in Europe. These do not necessarily occur in the in- of reforms idealistically shape spired. In fact, they are more likely to come in wartime along the route of sheer expediency. Such is the nature of the Anglo-French agreement to pool financial resources, as well as military and Industrial, in the joint effort to remove from Europe the threat of German expansionism.

Fixing the relation between the pound and the frang, dispensing with gold shipments between Britain and France, providing for joint financial arrangements with other

countries

willing to make war loans, the new Anancial accord between the Allies completes a temporary politico-eco- nomic partnership which must have effects far more enduring than a mere war effort. It will affect the man-in- the-street as well as the men in the trenches; if it works well a vast sec- tion of public opinion in both coun- tries and in all economic stations will have been educated to the possibilities of international co-operation in a field unfortunately less widely understood when the League of Nations began its "Christian Science political life. Monitor."

THE GERMAN WAR MIND

some

It is possible that there has been dissension amongst the poll- tical leaders of Germany, but

THE MENACE

crossed the t's a little more distinctly when he disclosed that in April-May of this year Italy agreed (with Ger- inany) to a "detente" with Russia in order to neutralise her if war should come. He thought that more than this could not in any case be accomplish- ed because of the "fundamentally hostile attitude which Nazi Germany had always assumed" towards Russia. Count Ciano, like the rest of us, was to have surprises; on the night of August 21 Ribbentrop telephoned to him that he was going to Moscow the next day. On this, as on other famous occasions, Germany seems to have given Italy less notice of her intentions than

been might have expexted between partners. But per- haps the passage in the speech that will resound most loud- ly is Count Clano's disclosure that the two Governments had agreed that they must avold war for some years in their own inter- est. Italy had spent herself beavily in Abyssinia and Spain. She needed three years in which satisfactorily to organise her military, resources; Germany, so he says, "spoke of four or Ave years." So, in March of this year,

it is the revealed Immorality belonging to the essence of mili- tant National Socialism which makes it so great a menace. With

be this there can

по dealing, because it is without honour or scruple. There can be по пр- peasement, because the showing of nobler Impulses maddens it or excites its greed. Behind the aggressive actions of which for- took cogni. eign governments zance was #state of thought, National Socialism, the existence of which is Incompatible with the survival of the alviilsed world. This no doubt is what the Arch- bishop

moant of Canterbury when he said that "the world la now confronted by the menace of a force which is really and truly evil." A perverted concept which ridicules liberty, discarda human- Ity, defies law, and worships force threatens the whole 'order of thought and conduct which the world for centuries has been

building up.-H. Wickham Steed.

The German Government agreed with us on the advisability of_not⋅ -raising any question which would be likely to stir up further polemics until the time period referred to had elapsed.

Discouraging reading for. Germany were Germany ever allowed to read It! As late as August! 11-18-Italy pro- posed that the two Powers should issue Joint declaration that they-held it

Is

no

there reason at all to suppose that Herr Hitler's hold over his own followers and over his own country has weak- ened. The Ger- man public is not seriously restive- there is certainly discontent over the shortage of food (a shortage that is not severe) the queues (which make shopping a very tiresome affair) and

over

over

long hours and "speeding up" in the factories, but there is no effective opposi- tion. The Germans have hardly be- gun to feel the war and, except for an increase in terrorism, there is little difference between the Germany of to-day and the Germany of three months ago. The arrests of innumer- able "moderates" in Germany-Con- the servatives and Monarchists on Right and Social Democrats on the Left-marely show what was evident even before the war began, namely the growing power of the Nazi ex- tremists; of whom Herr Hitler is the chief-“Time and Tider

Pa

Pa

THE CHINA MAIL, FEBRUARY 15, 1940